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Type 091
The Type 091 (NATO reporting name: Han class) is a first-generation nuclear-powered attack submarine produced by China. It was the People Liberation Army Navy's (PLAN) first nuclear submarine, and the first indigenously produced nuclear attack submarine in Asia. History China's nuclear submarine program, "09 Project", was authorized by the Central Military Commission and Mao Zedong in July 1958. In October 1959, Mao ordered the program to proceed after the Soviets refused to assist. Work was slowed by the Great Leap Forward and the nuclear weapons program, which had priority and used similar resources. The submarine program was postponed in March 1963 and resumed in March 1965 after China's first nuclear weapons test. Research on foreign civilian nuclear marine propulsion continued during the pause. A loop-based nuclear reactor was selected over a more powerful but also more complex integrated design in July 1965; it most resembled the reactor used by the Japanese '' Mutsu''. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bohai Shipyard
The Bohai Shipbuilding Heavy Industry Company (BSHIC) is a shipyard in Huludao, China. It builds civilian and military vessels; it is China's first and only shipyard for nuclear submarines It is a part of the China State Shipbuilding Corporation. It was formerly called the Bohai Shipyard. History The Bohai shipyard was founded in 1954 with a small slipway. Expansion in the 1960s included a large building hall with four submarine building bays and a graving dock. Construction of nuclear submarine started in November 1968. From 2003 to 2007, the yard expanded around the basin to the east. A fitting out wharf was added to the north shore, and two graving docks were built on the east shore. At one point it was part of the China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation and directly owned by the Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Company. From 2008 to 2015, the yard gained through land reclamation Land reclamation, often known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Project 596
Project 596 (Miss Qiu, , as the callsign; Chic-1 by the US intelligence agencies) was the first nuclear weapons Nuclear testing, test conducted by the People's Republic of China, detonated on 16 October 1964, at the Lop Nur test site. It was a uranium-235 Nuclear weapon design, implosion fission device made from weapons-grade uranium (Uranium-235, U-235) enriched in a gaseous diffusion plant in Lanzhou."16 October 1964 – First Chinese nuclear test: CTBTO Preparatory Commission" ''www.ctbto.org''. Retrieved 2017-06-01. The atomic bomb was a part of China's "Two Bombs, One Satellite" program. It had a yield of 22 TNT equivalent, kilotons, comparable to the Soviet Union, Soviet Union's first nuclear bomb RDS-1 in 1949 and the American ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63)
USS ''Kitty Hawk'' (CV-63), formerly CVA-63, was a United States Navy supercarrier. She was the second naval ship named after Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, the site of the Wright brothers' first powered airplane flight. ''Kitty Hawk'' was the first of the three s to be commissioned and the last to be decommissioned. ''Kitty Hawk'' was laid down by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation, Camden, New Jersey, on 27 December 1956. The ship was launched on 21 May 1960, sponsored by Mrs. Camilla F. McElroy, wife of Defense Secretary Neil H. McElroy. ''Kitty Hawk'' was launched by flooding her drydock; the conventional slide-down method was ruled out because of her mass and the risk that she might hit the Philadelphia shore on the far side of the Delaware River. The ship was commissioned 29 April 1961, at Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, Captain William F. Bringle in command. With the decommissioning of on 30 September 1998, ''Kitty Hawk'' became the United States warship with the seco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ballistic Missile Submarine
A ballistic missile submarine is a submarine capable of deploying submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs) with nuclear warheads. These submarines became a major weapon system in the Cold War because of their nuclear deterrence capability. They can fire missiles thousands of kilometers from their targets, and acoustic quieting makes them difficult to detect (see acoustic signature), thus making them a survivable deterrent in the event of a first strike and a key element of the mutual assured destruction policy of nuclear deterrence. The deployment of ballistic missile submarines is dominated by the United States, Russia (following the collapse of the Soviet Union) and China. In fact, 70% of nuclear warheads in the USA are carried by ballistic missile submarines.Rafal, A. S. (2021). THE FUTURE OF SUBMARINE WARFARE: NUCLEAR POWERED SUBMARINES ARE THE BEDROCK OF NAVAL WARFARE, OR MAYBE NOT. MS Thesis. Joint Forces Staff College-NDU, Joint Advanced Warfighting School]. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type 092 Submarine
The Type 092 (Chinese designation: 09-II; NATO reporting name: Xia class) submarine is the first nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) deployed by the People's Liberation Army Navy Submarine Force. ''Changzheng 6'' is the only boat of its class. Background The first and only confirmed submarine of its class, ''Changzheng 6'' (hull no.406), was laid down in 1978 at Huludao, northeast of Beijing, China. The Type 092 submarine was completed in 1981. She then spent six years being fitted out and conducting tests with its twelve JL-1 missiles, becoming active in 1987. Later, the submarine went through numerous upgrades in incremental steps, including using Type H/SQ2-262B sonar manufactured by No. 613 Factory replacing the original Type 604 sonar on board. It reportedly suffered from limited missile range and high sound emissions. She was designed by Peng Shilu and Huang Xuhua, and derived from the Type 091 submarines, with an extended hull to accommodate twelve m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radiation Shield
Radiation protection, also known as radiological protection, is defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as "The protection of people from harmful effects of exposure to ionizing radiation, and the means for achieving this". Exposure can be from a source of radiation external to the human body or due to internal irradiation caused by the ingestion of radioactive contamination. Ionizing radiation is widely used in industry and medicine, and can present a significant health hazard by causing microscopic damage to living tissue. There are two main categories of ionizing radiation health effects. At high exposures, it can cause "tissue" effects, also called "deterministic" effects due to the certainty of them happening, conventionally indicated by the unit gray and resulting in acute radiation syndrome. For low level exposures there can be statistically elevated risks of radiation-induced cancer, called "stochastic effects" due to the uncertainty of them happening, con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cultural Revolution
The Cultural Revolution, formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a Social movement, sociopolitical movement in the China, People's Republic of China (PRC). It was launched by Mao Zedong in 1966 and lasted until his death in 1976. Its stated goal was to preserve Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party, Chinese socialism by purging remnants of Capitalism, capitalist and Four Olds, traditional elements from Chinese culture, Chinese society. In May 1966, with the help of the Cultural Revolution Group, Mao launched the Revolution and said that Bourgeoisie, bourgeois elements had infiltrated the government and society with the aim of restoring capitalism. Mao called on young people to Bombard the Headquarters, bombard the headquarters, and proclaimed that "to rebel is justified". Mass upheaval began in Beijing with Red August in 1966. Many young people, mainly students, responded by forming Cadre system of the Chinese Communist Party, cadres of Red Guards th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Guards
The Red Guards () were a mass, student-led, paramilitary social movement mobilized by Chairman Mao Zedong in 1966 until their abolition in 1968, during the first phase of the Cultural Revolution, which he had instituted.Teiwes According to a Red Guard leader, the movement's aims were as follows: Despite meeting with resistance early on, the Red Guards received personal support from Mao, and the movement rapidly grew. The movement in Beijing culminated during the Red August of 1966, which later spread to other areas in mainland China. Mao made use of the group as propaganda and to accomplish goals such as seizing power and destroying symbols of China's pre-communist past, including ancient artifacts and gravesites of notable Chinese figures. Moreover, the government was very permissive of the Red Guards, and even allowed the Red Guards to inflict bodily harm on people viewed as dissidents. The movement quickly grew out of control, frequently coming into conflict with auth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huang Xuhua
Huang Xuhua (; 12 March 1926 – 6 February 2025) was a Chinese mechanical engineer, and the second chief designer for the country's first generation of nuclear submarines ( Type 091 and Type 092). He was director emeritus of the Wuhan-based 719 Research Institute (Nuclear Submarine Institute) of the China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, and was an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. His name was classified until 1987. Huang was bestowed the Medal of the Republic, the highest honorary medal of the People's Republic of China, in September 2019. Early life and career Huang was born on 12 March 1926 in Swabue, Guangdong Province, of Jieyang Hakka ancestry. He graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1949. After the Sino-Soviet split, Marshal Nie Rongzhen proposed that China develop its own nuclear submarines to break the duopoly of the United States and the Soviet Union, and Mao Zedong accepted the suggestion. In 1958, Huang was among the 29 peopl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peng Shilu
Peng Shilu (; 18 November 1925 – 22 March 2021) was a Chinese nuclear engineer. Hailed as "the father of China's nuclear submarines" and the "father of China's naval nuclear propulsion", he was the first chief designer of the country's nuclear submarine project, directing his team to build China's first generation of nuclear submarines ( Type 091 and Type 092). He was also the main designer for China's first nuclear power plants, and was an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He served as deputy minister for China's Ministry of Shipbuilding Industry, and Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power. Biography Peng Shilu was born on 18 November 1925 in Haifeng County, Guangdong province, the son of Peng Pai, a top Chinese Communist revolutionary in the 1920s. His parents were killed by the Kuomintang government when he was less than 4 years old, and he was jailed at the age of 8 for being the son of Peng Pai. He was later rescued by his grandmother and se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diesel–electric Powertrain
A diesel–electric transmission, or diesel–electric powertrain, is a transmission (mechanics), transmission system powered by diesel engines for vehicles in #Road and other land vehicles, road, #Railway locomotives, rail, and #Ships, marine transport. Diesel–electric transmission is similar to petrol–electric transmission, which is powered by petrol engines. Diesel–electric transmission is used on railways by Diesel locomotive#Diesel–electric, diesel–electric locomotives and Diesel multiple unit#Diesel–electric, diesel–electric multiple units, as electric motors are able to supply full torque from 0 revolutions per minute, RPM. Diesel–electric systems are also used in marine transport, including submarines, and on some other land vehicles. Description The defining characteristic of diesel–electric transmission is that it avoids the need for a gearbox, by converting the mechanical force of the diesel engine into electrical energy (through an alternator), and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romeo-class Submarine
The Project 633 class (known in the West by its NATO reporting name as the Romeo class) is a class of Soviet diesel-electric submarine, built between 1957 and 1961. A Chinese variant, Type 033, was built in China from 1962 to 1984. Project 633 Project 633 was a further development of the Soviet navy's post-war 611 ( Zulu-) and 613 ( Whiskey-class) designs, which themselves were derivatives of the German Kriegsmarine Type XXI submarine. The project was undertaken by Lazurit Central Design Bureau of Gorky. Only 20 of the Soviet Union's originally intended 56 were completed between October 1957 and the end of December 1961Korabli VMF SSSR, Vol. 1, Part 2, Yu. Apalkov, Sankt Peterburg, 2003, because of the introduction of the nuclear submarine into the Soviet Navy. By today's standards Romeo class submarines are considered obsolete, but they still have some value as training and surveillance vessels. Chinese Type 033 Romeo class and its variants Under the 1950 Sino-Soviet Fri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
