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Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
The Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (TASSR; ; ), originally called the Turkestan Socialist Federative Republic, was an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics, autonomous republic of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic located in Soviet Central Asia which existed between 1918 and 1924. Uzbeks were the preeminent nation of the Turkestan ASSR. Tashkent was the Capital city, capital and largest city in the region. Name History During the Russian Empire, the Turkestan ASSR's territory was governed as Turkestan Krai, the Emirate of Bukhara, and the Khanate of Khiva. From 1905, Pan-Turkism, Pan-Turkist ideologues like Ismail Gasprinski aimed to suppress differences among the peoples who spoke Turkic languages, uniting them into one government. This idea was supported by Vladimir Lenin, and after the Russian Revolution of 1917, the Bolsheviks in Tashkent created the Turkestan ASSR. But in February 1918, the Islamic Council () and the Council of Intelligent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics
An Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR, ) was a type of Subdivisions of the Soviet Union, administrative unit in the Soviet Union (USSR), created for certain Demographics of the Soviet Union#Ethnic groups, ethnic groups to be the titular nations of. The ASSRs had a status lower than the constituent republics of the Soviet Union, union republics of the USSR, but higher than the Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union, autonomous oblasts and the autonomous okrugs of the Soviet Union, autonomous okrugs. In the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR, for example, Chairmen of the Government of the ASSRs were officially members of the Council of Ministers of the Russian SFSR, Government of the RSFSR. Unlike the union republics, the autonomous republics only had the right to disaffiliate themselves from the Union when the union republic containing them did so, as well as to choose to stay with the Union separately from them. The level of political, administrati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov ( 187021 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He was the first head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 until Death and state funeral of Vladimir Lenin, his death in 1924, and of the Soviet Union from 1922 until his death. As the founder and leader of the Bolsheviks, Lenin led the October Revolution which established the world's first socialist state. His government won the Russian Civil War and created a one-party state under the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Communist Party. Ideologically a Marxist, his developments to the ideology are called Leninism. Born into a middle-class family in Simbirsk in the Russian Empire, Lenin embraced revolutionary socialist politics after Aleksandr Ulyanov, his brother was executed in 1887 for plotting to assassinate Alexander III of Russia, the tsar. He was expelled from Kazan Imperial University for participating in student prote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uzbek SSR
The Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (, ), also known as Soviet Uzbekistan, the Uzbek SSR, UzSSR, or simply Uzbekistan and rarely Uzbekia, was a union republic of the Soviet Union. It was governed by the Uzbek branch of the Soviet Communist Party, the legal political party, from 1925 until 1990. From 1990 to 1991, it was a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation. Beginning 20 June 1990, the Uzbek SSR adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty within its borders. Islam Karimov became the republic's inaugural president. On 31 August 1991, the Uzbek SSR was renamed the Republic of Uzbekistan and declared independence three months before the Soviet Union's dissolution on 26 December 1991. Uzbekistan was bordered by Kazakhstan to the north; Tajikistan to the southeast; Kirghizia to the northeast; Afghanistan to the south; and Turkmenistan to the southwest. Name The name, Uzbekistan, literally means "Home of the Free", taken from an amalgamation of '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Delimitation In Central Asia
In the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), national delimitation was the process of specifying well-defined national territorial units (Soviet socialist republics SR autonomous Soviet socialist republics SSR autonomous oblasts rovinces raions istrictsand ''okrugs'' ircuits from the ethnic diversity of the USSR and its subregions. The Russian-language term for this Soviet state policy was ''razmezhevanie'' (, ''natsionalno-territorialnoye razmezhevaniye''), which is variously translated in English-language literature as "national-territorial delimitation" (NTD), "demarcation", or "partition". National delimitation formed part of a broader process of changes in administrative-territorial division, which also changed the boundaries of territorial units, but was not necessarily linked to national or ethnic considerations. National delimitation in the USSR was distinct from nation-building (), which typically referred to the policies and actions implemented by the governme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akmal Ikramov
Akmal Ikramovich Ikramov (Russia: Акмаль Икрамович Икрамов; Uzbek: Akmal Ikromovich Ikromov; 1898 – 13 March 1938) was an Uzbek politician active in Uzbek SSR politics and served as the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan from 1929 to 1937. He was arrested and executed in 1938 as part of the Great Purge during the Stalin era. Life Career Ikramov was born in 1898 in an Uzbek family in Tashkent, then part of the Russian Empire. In 1918 he joined the Communist Party.Keller; p.109 From 1921 to 1922 he was secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Turkestan. In 1922 he moved to Moscow where he studied at the Sverdlov Communist University. While in Moscow, Ikramov kept on campaigning within the Party for raising the cultural level of Turkestan by increasing literacy and building more schools. Meanwhile, Ikramov became involved in a power struggle among the Communists between those favoring a Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fayzulla Xoʻjayev
Fayzulla Ubaydulloyevich Xo‘jayev (; ; ) was a Bukharan politician who served as the first head of the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic, which would later form part of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic. Early years Xoʻjayev was born into a family of wealthy traders in the city of Bukhara (part of the Emirate of Bukhara) in 1896. He was sent to Moscow by his father in 1907. There he realized the tremendous gap between contemporary European society and technology, and the ancient, tradition-bound ways of his homeland. His father died in 1912. He joined the pan-Turkist ''Jadid'' movement of like-minded reformers in 1916, and, with his father's fortune, established the Young Bukharan Party. In March 1918, after the Bolsheviks had successfully established Soviet rule in Kokand, Xoʻjayev led an attempt to form a Young Bukharan government, with the Emir of Bukhara as a figurehead. For a few days, it appeared that they had succeeded, and had the Emir as a virtual prisoner, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turar Ryskulov
Turar Ryskululy Ryskulov (, ''Tūrar Rysqūlūly Rysqūlov''; Russian: Турар Рыскулович Рыскулов; 26 December 1894 – 10 February 1938) was a Soviet politician, the chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (i.e. the head of state). Ryskulov was born on 26 December 1894 in East-Talgar volost of Semirechensk Province (now Talgar District of Almaty Region), in the family of a nomadic herder. He took part in the Central Asian revolt of 1916 and then in the Russian Revolution in Turkestan and Kyrgyzstan. After the Red Army had taken Tashkent in 1920, he was appointed Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Turkestan soviet republic, which then included all of Russian-ruled Central Asia until he was replaced with Mukhammedzhan Biserov. Ryskulov proposed that Turkmenistan should be an independent republic ruled by a Turkic Communist Party, separate from the All-Russian Communist Party. This ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Counteroffensive Of Eastern Front
The Eastern Front counteroffensive (April–July 1919) was an episode of the Russian Civil War. Background In 1917, the Russian Bolshevik Party staged a revolution against Alexander Kerensky's Provisional Government that led to a civil war. During the spring of 1919 the Kolchak army offensive created a strategic breakthrough in the center of The Red Army's Eastern Font, while the Reds were preparing their own offensive on the southern flank. Idea At the time of the White Army offensive, the Reds had a big force on the southern flank. The White army was dispersed into several groups and the Reds attempted to crush those groups from south to north one by one. Reserves were used to rebuild the Red's 5th Army and delay the Whites' advancement in the center of the front. Battles On the southern flank, the White Orenburg Independent Army tried to capture Orenburg without success. The new commander General Petr Belov decided to use his reserve, the 4th Corps, to outflank ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orenburg Cossacks
The Orenburg Cossack Host () was a part of the Cossack population in pre-revolutionary Russia, located in the Orenburg province (today's Orenburg Oblast, part of the Chelyabinsk Oblast and Bashkortostan). History After having constructed fortifications around the future town of Orenburg in 1734, they officially founded it in 1735. For the purpose of defending the city and colonizing the region, the Russian government relocated the Cossacks from Ufa, Iset, Samara and other places and created the Orenburg non-regular corps in 1748. In 1755, a part of it was transformed into the Orenburg Cossack Host with 2,000 men. In 1773–1774, the Orenburg Cossacks took part in Yemelyan Pugachev's insurrection. In 1798, all of the Cossack settlements in the Southern Urals were incorporated into the Orenburg Cossack Host (except for the Ural Cossacks). A decree of 1840 established the borders of the Host and its composition (10 cavalry regiments and 3 artillery battalions). In the m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basmachi
The Basmachi movement (, derived from ) was an uprising against Imperial Russian and Soviet rule in Central Asia by rebel groups inspired by Islamic beliefs. It has been called "probably the most important movement of opposition to Soviet rule in Central Asia". The movement's roots lay in the anti-conscription violence of 1916 which erupted when the Russian Empire began to draft Muslims for army service in World War I. In the months following the October 1917 Revolution, the Bolsheviks seized power in many parts of the Russian Empire and the Russian Civil War began. Turkestani Muslim political movements attempted to form an autonomous government in the city of Kokand, in the Fergana Valley. The Bolsheviks launched an assault on Kokand in February 1918 and carried out a general massacre of up to 25,000 people. The massacre rallied support to the Basmachi who waged a guerrilla and conventional war that seized control of large parts of the Fergana Valley and much of Turkesta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
