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Toyota NR Engine
The Toyota NR engine family is a series of small Straight-four engine, inline-four piston engines designed and manufactured by Toyota, with capacities between . Common features of this series The NR series uses an aluminium engine block and cylinder head. The valve mechanism is equipped with 4-valves per cylinder, DOHC, and implemented Toyota's Dual VVT-i and VVT-i, VVT-iW. It also uses multi-point or direct fuel injection. The 1NR, 2NR, 3NR, 4NR, 5NR, 6NR, and 7NR engines have VVT-i#Dual VVT-i, Dual VVT-i standard and the 8NR engine has VVT-i#VVT-iW, VVT-iW, enabling it to operate in the Otto cycle as well as a modified-Atkinson cycle to improve thermal efficiency. 1NR-FE The 1NR-FE is a compact 1.3-litre inline-four piston engine featuring Stop & Start technology and Dual VVT-i. It was introduced into the European market in late 2008 with the Yaris XP9F. Improved engine performance combined with low emissions and fuel consumption was the principal aim during its development. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyota
is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational Automotive industry, automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on August 28, 1937. Toyota is the List of manufacturers by motor vehicle production, largest automobile manufacturer in the world, producing about 10 million vehicles per year. The company was founded as a spinoff of Toyota Industries, a machine maker started by Sakichi Toyoda, Kiichiro's father. Both companies are now part of the Toyota Group, one of the largest conglomerates in the world. While still a department of Toyota Industries, the company developed its first product, the Toyota Type A engine, Type A engine, in 1934 and its first passenger car in 1936, the Toyota AA. After World War II, Toyota benefited from Japan's alliance with the United States to learn from American automakers and other companies, which gave rise to The Toyota Way (a management philosophy) and the Toyota ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Cycle
An Otto cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle that describes the functioning of a typical spark ignition piston engine. It is the thermodynamic cycle most commonly found in automobile engines. The Otto cycle is a description of what happens to a gas as it is subjected to changes of pressure, temperature, volume, addition of heat, and removal of heat. The gas that is subjected to those changes is called the system. The system, in this case, is defined to be the fluid (gas) within the cylinder. Conversely, by describing the changes that take place within the system it also describes the system's effect on the environment. The purpose of the Otto cycle is to study the production of net work from the system that can propel a vehicle and its occupants in the environment. The Otto cycle is constructed from: :Top and bottom of the loop: a pair of quasi-parallel and isentropic processes (frictionless, adiabatic reversible). :Left and right sides of the loop: a pair of parallel i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyota Passo
The is a subcompact car produced by Japanese automaker Daihatsu since 2004, and also sold under Toyota brand as the between 2004 and the ends of 2023. The Passo was once sold at ''Toyota Corolla Store'' Japanese dealerships until it was consolidated with other Toyota dealers in 2020. Outside Japan, the first- and second-generation Boon is sold as the second- and third-generation Sirion. The first-generation Sirion was sold as the Storia in Japan. According to Daihatsu, the name "Boon" is derived from the English word boon, and also inspired by the sound that Japanese children make when imitating the sound of a car, while the name "Passo" is Italian for "step". According to Toyota, the name conjures up the image of a casual and approachable car. __TOC__ First generation (M300/AC10; 2004) The development for the first-generation Boon was led by Toyota chief engineer Tetsuya Tada. For the Japanese domestic market, the Boon were available with 996 cc and 1.3-litre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyota IQ
The Toyota iQ is a city car manufactured by Toyota and marketed in a single generation for Japan (2008–2016); Europe (2008–2015); and North America (2012–2015), where it was marketed as the Scion iQ. A rebadged variant was marketed in Europe as the Aston Martin Cygnet (2011–2013). Designed at the Toyota European Design and Development studio in Nice, France, the iQ is noted for its specialized engineering to maximize passenger space and minimize length. The design accommodates four occupants. Following a concept presented at the 2007 Frankfurt Motor Show, the production iQ debuted at the March 2008 Geneva Motor Show. Japanese sales began in November 2008 and European sales in January 2009. In 2008, the iQ was named the Japanese Car of the Year. The name ''iQ'', an initialism of the term intelligence quotient, recalls a competitor, the Smart Fortwo. The letters "iQ" also stand for "individuality", "innovation", "quality", a hint at its "cubic form" and also a "cue" f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyota Etios
The Toyota Etios is a subcompact car consisting a line of four-door saloon/sedan and five-door hatchback produced by the Japanese automaker Toyota from 2010 to 2023. The saloon version was launched in December 2010 and the hatchback version (with additional "Liva" and "Valco" suffixes in India and Indonesia respectively) followed in June 2011. The vehicle is built on the EFC platform. The Etios has been produced in India (between 2010 and 2020), Brazil (since 2012, export only since 2021) and Indonesia (between 2013 and 2017). It has also been exported to other countries such as South Africa and several markets in the Americas. The name ''Etios'' was derived from Greek word ''ethos'', meaning 'spirit', 'character' and 'ideals'. The ''Liva'' suffix was derived from the development concept phrase "live your life", while ''Valco'' was coined from terms ''value'' and ''comfort''. __TOC__ Overview The Etios Concept saloon with 1.5-litre petrol engine and Etios Concept hatchbac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyota Corolla
The is a series of compact cars (formerly Subcompact car, subcompact) manufactured and marketed globally by the Japanese automaker Toyota Motor Corporation. Introduced in 1966, the Corolla was the best-selling car worldwide by 1974 and has been one of the best-selling cars in the world since then. In 1997, the Corolla became the List of best-selling automobiles, best-selling nameplate in the world, surpassing the Volkswagen Beetle. Toyota reached the milestone of 50 million Corollas sold over twelve generations in 2021. The name ''Corolla (headgear), Corolla'' is part of Toyota's naming tradition of using names derived from the Toyota Crown for sedans, with ''"wikt:corolla, corolla"'' Latin for "small crown". The Corolla has always been exclusive in Japan to ''Toyota Corolla Store'' locations, and manufactured in Japan with a twin, called the Toyota Sprinter until 2000. From 2006 to 2018 in Japan and much of the world, and from 2018 to 2020 in Taiwan, the hatchback companion h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyota Auris
The is a compact car derived from the Corolla, manufactured and sold by Toyota. Introduced in 2006, the first generation three/five-door hatchback shared the platform with the E150 series Corolla, while the second generation five-door hatchback and station wagon called "Touring Sports" uses the E180 platform. The "Auris" name is based on the Latin word for "gold", ''" aurum"''. In Europe, Toyota positioned the Auris as the replacement for the Corolla hatchback, while the saloon version continued with the Corolla nameplate. Starting with the E210 model, the Auris nameplate was discontinued and used the Corolla nameplate instead, except for Taiwan, retained the Auris nameplate for the hatchback version until July 2020. For the first generation only, the more luxurious Auris was named in Japan. The Auris succeeded the Allex in Japan and the Corolla RunX. Toyota Australia and Toyota New Zealand resisted suggestions from Toyota Japan to adopt the new European Auris name for t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subaru Trezia
The is a mini MPV produced by Japanese automaker Toyota. It is a five-seater mini MPV based on the Vitz, and was introduced in October 2005 as the successor of the Yaris Verso/FunCargo. The name "Ractis" is derived from "Run", "Activity" and "Space". __TOC__ First generation (XP100; 2005) The first generation Ractis was initially only sold in Japan, and was available at ''Toyopet Store'' dealerships. A minor change was released on December 20, 2007 with new headlights and tail lights. Sales in Hong Kong started from October 2009. File:Toyota Ractis 03.jpg, 2005–2007 Toyota Ractis (Japan) File:Toyota Ractis X Package 1300 SCP100.JPG, 2007–2010 Toyota Ractis 1.3 X Package (Japan) File:Toyota Ractis X Package 1300 SCP100 Rear.JPG, 2007–2010 Toyota Ractis 1.3 X Package (Japan) Second generation (XP120; 2010) The second generation Ractis was unveiled at the 2010 Paris Motor Show as the . The Ractis is produced at the Iwate plant by Kanto Auto Works. It is ava ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Emission Standards
The European emission standards are vehicle emission standards that regulate pollution from the use of new land surface vehicles sold in the European Union and European Economic Area member states and the United Kingdom, and ships in European territorial waters. These standards target air pollution from exhaust gases, brake dust, and tyre rubber pollution, and are defined through a series of European Union directives that progressively introduce stricter limits to reduce environmental impact. Euro 7, agreed in 2024 and due to come into force in 2026, includes non-exhaust emissions such as Particulate pollution, particulates from tyres and brakes. Until 2030 fossil fueled vehicles are allowed to have dirtier brakes than electric vehicles. Background In the European Union, emissions of nitrogen oxides (), hydrocarbon, total hydrocarbon (THC), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), carbon monoxide (CO) and Atmospheric particulate matter, particulate matter (PM) are regulated for m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multi-point Fuel Injection
Fuel injection is the introduction of fuel in an internal combustion engine, most commonly automotive engines, by the means of a fuel injector. This article focuses on fuel injection in reciprocating piston and Wankel rotary engines. All compression-ignition engines (e.g. diesel engines), and many spark-ignition engines (i.e. petrol (gasoline) engines, such as Otto or Wankel), use fuel injection of one kind or another. Mass-produced diesel engines for passenger cars (such as the Mercedes-Benz OM 138) became available in the late 1930s and early 1940s, being the first fuel-injected engines for passenger car use. In passenger car petrol engines, fuel injection was introduced in the early 1950s and gradually gained prevalence until it had largely replaced carburetors by the early 1990s. The primary difference between carburetion and fuel injection is that fuel injection atomizes the fuel through a small nozzle under high pressure, while carburetion relies on suction create ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exhaust Gas Recirculation
In internal combustion engines, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a nitrogen oxide () emissions reduction technique used in petrol engine, petrol/gasoline, diesel engines and some hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle, hydrogen engines. EGR works by recirculating a portion of an engine's exhaust gas back to the engine cylinder (engine), cylinders. The exhaust gas displaces atmospheric air and reduces in the combustion chamber. Reducing the amount of oxygen reduces the amount of fuel that can burn in the cylinder thereby reducing peak in-cylinder temperatures. The actual amount of recirculated exhaust gas varies with the engine operating parameters. In the combustion cylinder, is produced by high-temperature mixtures of atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen, and this usually occurs at cylinder peak pressure. In a spark-ignition engine, an ancillary benefit of recirculating exhaust gases via an external EGR valve is an increase in efficiency, as charge dilution allows a large ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stop & Start Technology
A start-stop system (also referred to as idling stop or micro hybrid) is a technology that automatically shuts down and restarts a vehicle's internal combustion engine to reduce idle time, with the aim of lowering fuel consumption and emissions. The system is most beneficial in urban environments, where vehicles frequently stop and start, such as at traffic lights or in congestion.Johnson Controls expands global production of Start-Stop batteries to meet rising automaker demand Press ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
