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TNFRSF1A
Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), also known as tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A (TNFRSF1A) and CD120a, is a ubiquitous membrane receptor that binds tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, which also contains TNFRSF1B. This protein is one of the major receptors for the tumor necrosis factor-alpha. This receptor can activate the transcription factor NF-κB, mediate apoptosis, and function as a regulator of inflammation. Antiapoptotic protein BCL2-associated athanogene 4 (BAG4/SODD) and adaptor proteins TRADD and TRAF2 have been shown to interact with this receptor, and thus play regulatory roles in the signal transduction mediated by the receptor. Clinical significance Germline mutations of the extracellular domains of this receptor were found to be associated with the human genetic disorder called tumor necrosis factor associated periodic syndrom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TNF Receptor Associated Periodic Syndrome
TNF receptor associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) is a periodic fever syndrome associated with mutations in a receptor for the molecule tumor necrosis factor (TNF) that is inheritable in an autosomal dominant manner. Individuals with TRAPS have episodic symptoms such as recurrent high fevers, rash, abdominal pain, joint/muscle aches and puffy eyes. Symptoms and signs TNF receptor associated periodic syndrome presents with the following signs and symptoms: * Episodic fever * Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate * Pericarditis * Splenomegaly * Uveitis * Vertigo * AA amyloidosis Cause TNF receptor associated periodic syndrome is autosomal dominant, and about 70 mutations of the TNFRSF1A gene have been linked to this condition. Its cytogenetic location is at 12p13.31. Mechanism The main source of TNF (tumor necrosis factor) are cells in the immune system called macrophages which produce it in response to infection and other stimuli. TNF helps activate other immune cells and p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TRADD
Tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRADD'' gene. TRADD is an adaptor protein. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a death domain containing adaptor molecule that interacts with TNFRSF1A/ TNFR1 and mediates programmed cell death signaling and NF-κB activation. This protein binds adaptor protein TRAF2, reduces the recruitment of inhibitor-of-apoptosis proteins (IAPs) by TRAF2, and thus suppresses TRAF2 mediated apoptosis. This protein can also interact with receptor TNFRSF6/ FAS and adaptor protein FADD/MORT1, and is involved in the Fas-induced cell death pathway. Interactions TRADD has been shown to interact with: * FADD, * Keratin 18 * RIPK1, * STAT1, * TNFRSF1A, * TNFRSF25, and * TRAF2 TNF receptor-associated factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRAF2'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF receptor associat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Periodic Fever Syndrome
Periodic fever syndromes are a set of disorders characterized by recurrent episodes of systemic and organ-specific inflammation. Unlike autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus, in which the disease is caused by abnormalities of the adaptive immune system, people with autoinflammatory diseases do not produce autoantibodies or antigen-specific T or B cells. Instead, the autoinflammatory diseases are characterized by errors in the innate immune system. The syndromes are diverse, but tend to cause episodes of fever, joint pains, skin rashes, abdominal pains and may lead to chronic complications such as amyloidosis. Most autoinflammatory diseases are genetic and present during childhood. The most common genetic autoinflammatory syndrome is familial Mediterranean fever, which causes short episodes of fever, abdominal pain, serositis, lasting less than 72 hours. It is caused by mutations in the MEFV gene, which codes for the protein pyrin. Pyrin is a protein no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Janus Kinase 1
Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) is a human tyrosine kinase protein essential for signaling for certain type I and type II cytokines. It interacts with the common gamma chain (γc) of type I cytokine receptors, to elicit signals from the IL-2 receptor family (e.g. IL-2R, IL-7R, IL-9R and IL-15R), the IL-4 receptor family (e.g. IL-4R and IL-13R), the gp130 receptor family (e.g. IL-6R, IL-11R, LIF-R, OSM-R, cardiotrophin-1 receptor (CT-1R), ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor (CNTF-R), neurotrophin-1 receptor (NNT-1R) and Leptin-R). It is also important for transducing a signal by type I ( IFN-α/ β) and type II ( IFN-γ) interferons, and members of the IL-10 family via type II cytokine receptors. Jak1 plays a critical role in initiating responses to multiple major cytokine receptor families. Loss of Jak1 is lethal in neonatal mice, possibly due to difficulties suckling. Expression of JAK1 in cancer cells enables individual cells to contract, potentially allowing them to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PSMD2
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2, also as known as 26S Proteasome Regulatory Subunit Rpn1 (systematic nomenclature), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PSMD2'' gene. Structure Gene expression The gene ''PSMD2'' encodes a non-ATPase subunit of the 19S regulator base, which is responsible for substrate recognition and binding. The gene ''PSMD2'' encodes one of the non-ATPase subunits of the 19S regulator lid. In addition to participation in proteasome function, this subunit may also participate in the TNF signalling pathway since it interacts with the tumor necrosis factor type 1 receptor. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 1. The human ''PSMD2'' gene has 23 exons and locates at chromosome band 3q27.1. The human protein 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 is 100 kDa in size and composed of 909 amino acids. The calculated theoretical pI of this protein is 5.10. Two expression isoforms are generated by alternative splicing, in which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RIPK1
Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) functions in a variety of cellular pathways related to both cell survival and death. In terms of cell death, RIPK1 plays a role in apoptosis, necroptosis, and PANoptosis Some of the cell survival pathways RIPK1 participates in include NF-κB, Akt, and JNK. RIPK1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''RIPK1'' gene, which is located on chromosome 6. This protein belongs to the Receptor Interacting Protein (RIP) kinases family, which consists of 7 members, RIPK1 being the first member of the family. Structure RIPK1 protein is composed of 671 amino acids, and has a molecular weight of about 76 kDa. It contains a serine/threonine kinase domain (KD) in the 300 aa N-Terminus, a death domain (DD) in the 112 aa C-Terminus, and a central region between the KD and DD called intermediate domain (ID). *The kinase domain plays different roles in cell survival and is important in necroptosis induction. RIP interacts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caspase 10
Caspase-10 is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the CASP10 gene. This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes that undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme. That protein cleaves and activates caspases 3 and 7, and the protein itself is processed by caspase 8. Mutations in this gene are associated with apoptosis defects seen in type II autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. Interactions Caspase 10 has been shown to Protein-protein interaction, interact with FADD, CFLAR, Caspase 8, Fas receptor, RYBP, TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF10B. See also * The Proteolysis Map References Fur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BAG4
BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BAG4'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the BAG1-related protein family. BAG1 is an anti-apoptotic protein that functions through interactions with a variety of cell apoptosis and growth related proteins including BCL-2, Raf-protein kinase, steroid hormone receptors, growth factor receptors and members of the heat shock protein 70 kDa family. This protein contains a BAG domain near the C-terminus, which could bind and inhibit the chaperone activity of Hsc70/Hsp70. This protein was found to be associated with the death domain of tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (TNF-R1) and death receptor-3 (DR3), and thereby negatively regulates downstream cell death signaling. The regulatory role of this protein in cell death was demonstrated in epithelial cells which undergo apoptosis while integrin mediated matrix contacts are lost. Interactions BAG4 has been show ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Small Ubiquitin-related Modifier 1
Small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SUMO1'' gene. Function This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) protein family. It is a ubiquitin-like protein and functions in a manner similar to ubiquitin in that it is bound to target proteins as part of a post-translational modification system. However, unlike ubiquitin, which is primarily associated with targeting proteins for proteasomal degradation, SUMO1 is involved in a variety of cellular processes, such as nuclear transport, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, and protein stability. It is not active until the last four amino acids of the carboxy-terminus have been cleaved off. Several pseudogenes have been reported for this gene. Alternate transcriptional splice variants encoding different isoforms have been characterized. Most cleft genes have a sumoylation component. Analysis of chromosomal anomalies in patients has led to the ide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IKK2
IKK-β also known as inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''IKBKB'' (inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase beta) gene. Function IKK-β is an enzyme that serves as a protein subunit of IκB kinase, which is a component of the cytokine-activated intracellular signaling pathway involved in triggering immune responses. IKK's activity causes activation of a transcription factor In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription (genetics), transcription of genetics, genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding t ... known as Nuclear Transcription factor kappa-B or NF-κB. Activated IKK-β phosphorylates a protein called the '' inhibitor of NF-κB'', IκB ( IκBα), which binds NF-κB to inhibit its function. Phosphorylated IκB is degraded via the ubiquitination pat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PIP4K2B
Phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 beta is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PIP4K2B'' gene. The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate on the fifth hydroxyl of the myo-inositol ring to form phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. This gene is a member of the phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase family. The encoded protein sequence does not show similarity to other kinases, but the protein does exhibit kinase activity. Additionally, the encoded protein interacts with p55 TNF receptor. Interactions PIP4K2B has been shown to interact with TNFRSF1A. In addition, PIP4K2B has been shown to interact with PIP4K2A and may modulate the cellular localisation of PIP4K2A. Structure The structure of PIP4K2B has been determined through X-ray crystallography X-ray crystallography is the experimental science of determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline stru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TRAF2
TNF receptor-associated factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRAF2'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF) protein family. TRAF proteins associate with, and mediate the signal transduction from members of the TNF receptor superfamily. This protein directly interacts with TNF receptors, and forms complexes with other TRAF proteins. TRAF2 is required for TNF-alpha-mediated activation of MAPK8/JNK and NF-κB. The protein complex formed by TRAF2 and TRAF1 interacts with the Inhibitor of apoptosis, IAP family members BIRC2, cIAP1 and BIRC3, cIAP2, and functions as a mediator of the anti-apoptotic signals from TNF receptors. The interaction of this protein with TRADD, a TNF receptor associated apoptotic signal transducer, ensures the recruitment of IAPs for the direct inhibition of caspase activation. cIAP1 can ubiquitinate and induce the degradation of this protein, and thus potentiate TNF-induce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
