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Södra Länken
Södra länken (''The southern link''), designated as national road 75 ( sv, Riksväg 75), is a motorway in Sweden connecting Essingeleden ( E4, E20), Stockholm with Värmdöleden (county road 222), Nacka. Södra länken is in length, of which is in tunnels. This makes it the third longest urban motorway tunnel in Europe after Madrid M30 orbital motorway and Blanka tunnel complex in Prague at . The tunnel is 4 lanes wide each way at its widest point (total 8 lanes). The construction of Södra länken began in 1997, and it was inaugurated on October 24, 2004. The total cost was about 7.9 billion SEK (around 800-900 million USD at the 2003-2004 exchange rate).Vägverket, p. 37. The link was built primarily to decrease traffic in the centre of Stockholm. Given the high construction costs and the possibility that overall traffic volumes might increase, it was one of the greatest subjects of debate during the 1990s and early 2000s in the Swedish capital. It was financed mainl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vägverket
The Swedish Road Administration ( sv, Vägverket), formerly The Royal Board for Public Road and Water Structures, was a Government agency in Sweden. Its primary responsibility was to organise building and maintenance of the road network in Sweden. Its headquarters were located in Borlänge. History The Swedish Road Administration was founded in 1841 as The Royal Board for Public Road and Water Structures ( sv, Kongliga styrelsen för allmänna wäg- och wattenbyggnader) and was responsible for Sweden's canals and roads. In 1993 the National Road Safety Administration ( Trafiksäkerhetsverket) was merged into SRA. In 2009 the responsibility for the vehicle register and issuing of drivers' licenses, About Swedish Transport Agency was moved to a new authority, Tran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blanka Tunnel Complex
Blanka Tunnel Complex is a part of the inner Prague Municipal Ring Road. It is the longest road tunnel in the Czech Republic and the longest city tunnel in Europe. The complex connects the area west of Prague Castle with Trója district in the northeast. Its length is about 5.5 km and consists of three tunnels: ''Bubenečský, Dejvický'' and ''Brusnický''. The tunnel complex was designed to relieve the historic center of Prague from heavy traffic. In a first 49-month period it was used by 139 million cars, according to official statistics. Controversies During the construction there were three landfalls, two times in the Stromovka park, which created a hole on the ground of the park, with a diameter of 15 to 25 meters, and once at garden area of the Ministry of Culture in Hradčany. The incident was investigated by the police and damages were estimated at tens of millions of CZK. The construction of the Blanka tunnel was launched back in 2006 by then mayor of Prague Pavel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Road Tunnels In Sweden
A road is a linear way for the conveyance of traffic that mostly has an improved surface for use by vehicles (motorized and non-motorized) and pedestrians. Unlike streets, the main function of roads is transportation. There are many types of roads, including parkways, avenues, controlled-access highways (freeways, motorways, and expressways), tollways, interstates, highways, thoroughfares, and local roads. The primary features of roads include lanes, sidewalks (pavement), roadways (carriageways), medians, shoulders, verges, bike paths (cycle paths), and shared-use paths. Definitions Historically many roads were simply recognizable routes without any formal construction or some maintenance. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) defines a road as "a line of communication (travelled way) using a stabilized base other than rails or air strips open to public traffic, primarily for the use of road motor vehicles running on their own wheels", ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Motorways In Sweden
Sweden has a fairly limited system of motorways (''motorväg'' in Swedish). The first motorway (Malmö–Lund) was opened in 1953. The motorways' primary purpose is connecting major cities to their surrounding areas, although there is a long-term ambition to connect Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö with motorways. With the completion of a couple of new motorway stretches in 2006 - 2015 an interconnecting motorway network exists from Öresund Bridge (to Denmark) to the Swedish- Norwegian border and to Gävle north of Stockholm. There are also a number of ''motortrafikleder'' (semi-motorways, autostrasse), roads with only 2 or 3 ( 2+1) lanes but to which the same conditions apply as to motorways (i.e. grade-separated crossings, no slow traffic). These can be converted to motorways by adding a parallel road. This is a complete listing of motorways in Sweden. The Swedish road numbering scheme does not distinguish between motorways and other types of roads. The speed limit on mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Model Aircraft
A model aircraft is a small unmanned aircraft. Many are replicas of real aircraft. Model aircraft are divided into two basic groups: flying and non-flying. Non-flying models are also termed static, display, or shelf models. Aircraft manufacturers and researchers make wind tunnel models for testing aerodynamic properties, for basic research, or for the development of new designs. Sometimes only part of the aircraft is modelled. Static models range from mass-produced toys in white metal or plastic to highly accurate and detailed models produced for museum display and requiring thousands of hours of work. Many are available in kits, typically made of injection-moulded polystyrene or resin. Flying models range from simple toy gliders made of sheets of paper, balsa, card stock or foam polystyrene to powered scale models built up from balsa, bamboo sticks, plastic, (including both moulded or sheet polystyrene, and styrofoam), metal, synthetic resin, either alone or with carbon fib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stockholm Congestion Tax
The Stockholm congestion tax ( sv, Trängselskatt i Stockholm), also referred to as the Stockholm congestion charge, is a congestion pricing system implemented as a tax levied on most vehicles entering and exiting central Stockholm, Sweden. The congestion tax was implemented on a permanent basis on August 1, 2007, after a seven-month trial period between January 3, 2006 and July 31, 2006. It was inspired by Singapore's Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) system, which first introduced it in 1975. The primary purpose of the congestion tax is to reduce traffic congestion and improve the environmental situation in central Stockholm. The funds collected will be used for new road constructions in and around Stockholm. A referendum was held in September 2006, a few months after the end of the trial period. In the referendum the residents of Stockholm municipality voted yes and in 14 other municipalities voted no to implement it permanently. On October 1, 2006, the leaders of the winning p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Dollar
The United States dollar ( symbol: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ or U.S. Dollar, to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies; referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, American dollar, or colloquially buck) is the official currency of the United States and several other countries. The Coinage Act of 1792 introduced the U.S. dollar at par with the Spanish silver dollar, divided it into 100 cents, and authorized the minting of coins denominated in dollars and cents. U.S. banknotes are issued in the form of Federal Reserve Notes, popularly called greenbacks due to their predominantly green color. The monetary policy of the United States is conducted by the Federal Reserve System, which acts as the nation's central bank. The U.S. dollar was originally defined under a bimetallic standard of (0.7735 troy ounces) fine silver or, from 1837, fine gold, or $20.67 per troy ounce. The Gold Standard Act of 1900 linked the dollar solely to gold. From 1934, it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swedish Krona
The krona (; plural: ''kronor''; sign: kr; code: SEK) is the official currency of the Kingdom of Sweden. Both the ISO code "SEK" and currency sign "kr" are in common use; the former precedes or follows the value, the latter usually follows it but, especially in the past, it sometimes preceded the value. In English, the currency is sometimes referred to as the Swedish crown, as means " crown" in Swedish. The Swedish krona was the ninth-most traded currency in the world by value in April 2016. One krona is subdivided into 100 '' öre'' (singular; plural ''öre'' or ''ören'', where the former is always used after a cardinal number, hence "50 öre", but otherwise the latter is often preferred in contemporary speech). However, all öre coins were discontinued from 30 September 2010. Goods can still be priced in ''öre'', but all sums are rounded to the nearest krona when paying with cash. The word ''öre'' is ultimately derived from the Latin word for gold (''aurum''). History ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ny Teknik
''Ny Teknik'' (meaning ''New Technology'' in English) is a weekly Swedish magazine with news, debates and ads in the field of technology and engineering. It is published in Stockholm, Sweden. History and profile ''Ny Teknik'' was launched on 18 October 1967. Its former publisher was Ekonomi och Teknik Förlag AB. The magazine is headquartered in Stockholm and is published by Talentum Sweden. It is distributed to all members of The Swedish Association of Graduate Engineers. The magazine mostly covered news about inventions until 1997 when a new section, Frontlinjen (meaning Front Line), was started to feature news on technological research. The magazine also includes news on the effects of technology on society, IT and telecom. As of 2006 the editor-in-chief was Lars Nilsson. Susanna Baltscheffsky also served as the editor-in-chief. Jan Huss is the editor-in-chief of the magazine. Corresponding publications are '' Ingeniøren'' in Denmark, ''Teknisk Ukeblad'' in Norway and ''T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prague
Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and List of cities in the Czech Republic, largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate climate, temperate oceanic climate, with relatively warm summers and chilly winters. Prague is a political, cultural, and economic hub of central Europe, with a rich history and Romanesque architecture, Romanesque, Czech Gothic architecture, Gothic, Czech Renaissance architecture, Renaissance and Czech Baroque architecture, Baroque architectures. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia and residence of several Holy Roman Emperors, most notably Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles IV (r. 1346–1378). It was an important city to the Habsburg monarchy and Austro-Hungarian Empire. The city played major roles in the Bohemian Reformation, Bohemian and the Protestant Reformations, the Thirty Year ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autopista De Circunvalación M-30
The M-30 orbital motorway circles the central districts of Madrid, the capital city of Spain. It is the innermost ring road of the Spanish city, with a length of 32.5 km. Outer rings are named M-40, M-45 and M-50. Its length and the surface surrounded by the M-30 is comparable to the Boulevard Périphérique of Paris or the London Inner Ring Road. It has, at least, three lanes in each direction, supplemented in some parts by two or three lane auxiliary roads. It connects to the main Spanish radial national roads that start in Madrid. The M30 is the busiest Spanish road, famous for its traffic jams, and surrounded by several landmarks such as Torrespaña (one of the tallest structures in Madrid), the national headquarters of IBM, and passed under the Vicente Calderón Stadium. History Its construction started in the 1960s and required the underground canalisation of the Abroñigal river, required to avoid flooding since the road runs through the lowest part of the city. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
