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Student Day (Iran)
Student Day ( fa, روز دانشجو) is the anniversary of the murder of three students of University of Tehran on December 7, 1953 (16 Azar 1332 in the Iranian calendar) by Iranian police in the Pahlavi dynasty, Pahlavi era. This day is held to commemorate the three students who were killed on Azar 16th , 1332, due to protesting the official visit of Richard Nixon, the vice president of the United States at the time, and also the resumption of relations between Iran and Britain. The main reason for students' opposition to Nixon was the Mordad 28th coup and the overthrow of Mossadegh's government . Every year on the 16th of Azar, the memory of that day is kept alive with a ceremony held by various students in all universities around Iran and some other countries. Every year there are local demonstrations at many universities organised by students with democratic demands. Besides academic rights like freedom of speech and academic independence from the government, they often also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutionalization Attempts In Iran
The Persian Constitutional Revolution was a short-lived push for democratic rule in the form of a constitutional monarchy within a highly elitist yet decentralized society under the Qajars. The mounting disgust amidst the clergy, bazaaris, farmers, intellectuals, and other segments of the populace with respect to the Shah(s)' policies during the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century illustrates a classic example of an environment ripe for protest, as a wide array of people in society felt an increasing need to express their grievances with an oppressive and largely autocratic government. Foundation and causes While no concrete date has been agreed upon with respect to the origins of the Constitutional Revolution itself, the seeds for revolution were sown with increasing foreign influence within the country (namely British and Russian influence) during the 19th century. Various concessions granted to foreign powers by the Shah(s) ranging from capitulations to the Reu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Woman, Life, Freedom
Woman, Life, Freedom (, ) or Woman, Life, Liberty is a popular political Kurds, Kurdish slogan used in both the Kurdish Nationalism, Kurdish independence and Democratic confederalism, democratic confederalist movements. The slogan became a rallying cry during the Mahsa Amini protests, protests which occurred in Iran as a response to the death of Mahsa Amini. Origin The origin of the slogan can be traced to the Kurdish freedom movement of the late twentieth century. The first time that the slogan was used was by members of the Kurdish women's movement, a part of the Kurdish freedom movement which was founded on grassroots activism in response to persecution from the governments of Iran, Iraq, Turkey and Syria. It was popularized further by Kurdish figures such as Abdullah Öcalan, in his anti-capitalist and anti-patriarchal writings. Since its first use, the slogan has been used by members of Kurdish organisations and those outside of the Kurdish movement. Early Kurdish use Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
November Observances
November is the eleventh and penultimate month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian Calendars, the fourth and last of four months to have a length of 30 days and the fifth and last of five months to have a length of fewer than 31 days. November was the ninth month of the calendar of Romulus . November retained its name (from the Latin ''novem'' meaning "nine") when January and February were added to the Roman calendar. November is a month of late spring in the Southern Hemisphere and late autumn in the Northern Hemisphere. Therefore, November in the Southern Hemisphere is the seasonal equivalent of May in the Northern Hemisphere and vice versa. In Ancient Rome, Ludi Plebeii was held from November 4–17, Epulum Jovis was held on November 13 and Brumalia celebrations began on November 24. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar. November was referred to as Blōtmōnaþ by the Anglo-Saxons. Brumaire and Frimaire were the months on which Nove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pupil Day (Iran)
Pupil day (), also known as "13-Aban-57" is a day of commemoration in Iran.; On this day, Iranians remember the massacre of a number of Tehran's pupils who were gathered at the campus of University of Tehran in order to protest against the regime of the Shah of Iran on the morning of 13th Aban (month) 1357 (4 November 1978). Event At the mentioned date, i.e. On 13 Aban, at the demonstration which was also run by other groups of people (as well as pupils), the quarrel was commenced with tear gas, then by bullets. Eventually, 56 pupils—and a number of other presented people—were killed by the army of the Shah; likewise hundreds of them were injured. ziaossalehin.ir See also * |
Iran Student Protests, July 1999
The Iranian student protests of July 1999 (also known as 18th of Tir and Kuye Daneshgah Disaster ( fa, فاجعه کوی دانشگاه) in Iran) (7–13 July)"Six days that shook Iran" BBC News, 11 July 2000 were, before the , the most widespread and violent public protests to occur in since the early years of the . The protests began on 8 July with peaceful d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timeline Of The 2009 Iranian Election Protests
Following the Iranian presidential election, 2009, 2009 Iranian presidential election, protests against alleged electoral fraud and in support of opposition candidates Mir-Hossein Mousavi and Mehdi Karroubi occurred in Tehran and other major cities in Iran and around the world starting after the disputed presidential election on 2009 June 12 and continued even after the inauguration of Mahmoud Ahmedinejad as President of Iran on 5 August 2009. This is a timeline of the events which occurred during 2009 Iranian election protests, those protests. 2009 June June 13–15 In what had become the worst civil unrest in Iran in over a decade, clashes broke out between police and groups protesting the election results from early Saturday morning onward. Protests were initially mostly peaceful but became increasingly violent. Demonstrators chanted phrases such as "Down with the dictator", "Death to the dictator", and "Give us our votes back". Mousavi urged for calm and asked that his suppor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wall Street Journal
''The Wall Street Journal'' is an American business-focused, international daily newspaper based in New York City, with international editions also available in Chinese and Japanese. The ''Journal'', along with its Asian editions, is published six days a week by Dow Jones & Company, a division of News Corp. The newspaper is published in the broadsheet format and online. The ''Journal'' has been printed continuously since its inception on July 8, 1889, by Charles Dow, Edward Jones, and Charles Bergstresser. The ''Journal'' is regarded as a newspaper of record, particularly in terms of business and financial news. The newspaper has won 38 Pulitzer Prizes, the most recent in 2019. ''The Wall Street Journal'' is one of the largest newspapers in the United States by circulation, with a circulation of about 2.834million copies (including nearly 1,829,000 digital sales) compared with ''USA Today''s 1.7million. The ''Journal'' publishes the luxury news and lifestyle magazin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heshmat Tabarzadi
Heshmatollah Tabarzadi ( fa, حشمتالله طبرزدی; born March 21, 1959) is an Iranian democratic activist. Tabarzadi has been arrested several times on charges related to his political activities, most recently in December 2009. In October 2010, a court sentenced him to nine additional years in jail and 74 lashes, a sentence that was reduced to eight years on appeal. Political activities Tabarzadi served as the leader of the banned opposition group, the Democratic Front of Iran. Tabarzadi was viewed by the government as one of the leaders of the student protests of July 9, 1999. He was arrested and spent nine years in Evin Prison, including two in solitary confinement, for his activities as a student leader. Following the December 7, 2009 Student Day protests in Iran, Tabarzadi published an opinion piece in the ''Wall Street Journal'', writing, "One thing is certain: Dec. 7 proved that the movement for a free, democratic Iran is robust and only growing in strengt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iranian Presidential Election, 2009
Presidential elections were held in Iran on 12 June 2009, with incumbent Mahmoud Ahmadinejad running against three challengers. The next morning the Islamic Republic News Agency, Iran's news agency, announced that with two-thirds of the votes counted, Ahmadinejad had won the election with 62% of the votes cast, and that Mir-Hossein Mousavi had received 34% of the votes cast. There were large irregularities in the results and people were surprised by them, which resulted in protests of millions of Iranians, across every Iranian city and around the world and the emergence of the opposition Iranian Green Movement. Many Iranian figures directly supported the protests and declared the votes were fraudulent. Among them, many film directors like Jafar Panahi (who was consequently banned from making movies for 20 years and condemned to six years imprisonment), Mohammad Rasoulof (also condemned to 6 years imprisonment), actors and actresses like Pegah Ahangarani (who was consequently im ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1953 Iranian Coup D'état
The 1953 Iranian coup d'état, known in Iran as the 28 Mordad coup d'état ( fa, کودتای ۲۸ مرداد), was the overthrow of the democratically elected Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh in favor of strengthening the monarchical rule of the Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, on 19 August 1953. It was aided by the United States (under the name TPAJAX Project or "Operation Ajax") and the United Kingdom (under the name "Operation Boot"). The clergy also played a considerable role. Mosaddegh had sought to audit the documents of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC), a British corporation (now part of BP), in order to verify that AIOC was paying the contracted royalties to Iran, and to limit the company's control over Iranian oil reserves. Upon the AIOC's refusal to co-operate with the Iranian government, the parliament ( Majlis) voted to nationalize Iran's oil industry and to expel foreign corporate representatives from the country. After this vote, Britain instigated a wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confederation Of Iranian Students
Confederation of Iranian Students National Union ( fa, کنفدراسیون جهانی محصلین و دانشجویان ایرانی – اتحادیه ملی; ''Konfederāsīūn-e jahānī-e moḥaṣṣelīn wa dānešjūyān-e īrānī etteḥādīya-ye mellī'', simply known as the ''Confederation,'' or the ''Federation of Iranian Students'') was an international non-governmental organization purposed as the students' union of Iranians studying abroad active during the 1960s and 1970s. It was more active in Germany, France, England and the United States, among other countries. The Confederation was a politically autonomous organization, made up by sympathizers of different Iranian opposition groups to Shah. History In 1952, the Iranian Students Association in the United States (ISAUS) had been founded, an effort by the Iranian embassy and American Friends of the Middle East, which has since been linked to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). In April 1960 student repres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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