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Strategos (game)
''Strategos'' is a military wargame developed by Charles A. L. Totten for the United States Army, and published in 1880. History Jon Peterson identifies ''Strategos'' as being largely descended from the Prussian ''Kriegsspiel'', and its translations, that had made their way into the hands of British military officers in the 1870s. ''Strategos'' was meant to be a training tool at various levels, starting with introductory scenarios and working toward more complex and advanced ones. This was contrasted with other forms of ''kriegsspiel'' which were cast as being primarily for those in elite military leadership. An article in the ''Army and Navy Journal'', from November 25, 1882, describes the role and function of the ''Strategos'' game in contrast to William R. Livermore's publication of a more traditional ''The American Kriegsspiel'' (1882), as follows: ''Strategos'' consists of two different games. The Battle Game was played on a board, whereas the Advanced Game was pla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stratego
''Stratego'' ( ) is a strategy board game for two players on a board of 10×10 squares. Each player controls 40 pieces representing individual officer and soldier ranks in an army. The pieces have Napoleonic insignia. The objective of the game is to find and capture the opponent's ''Flag'', or to capture so many enemy pieces that the opponent cannot make any further moves. ''Stratego'' has simple enough rules for young children to play but a depth of strategy that is also appealing to adults. The game is a slightly modified copy of an early 20th century French game named ' ("''The Attack''"). It has been in production in Europe since World War II and the United States since 1961. There are now two- and four-player versions, versions with 10, 30 or 40 pieces per player, and boards with smaller sizes (number of spaces). There are also variant pieces and different . The International Stratego Federation, the game's governing body, sponsors an annual Stratego World Championsh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Napoleonic Era
The Napoleonic era is a period in the history of France and Europe. It is generally classified as including the fourth and final stage of the French Revolution, the first being the National Assembly, the second being the Legislative Assembly, and the third being the Directory. The Napoleonic era begins roughly with Napoleon Bonaparte's ''coup d'état'', overthrowing the Directory (9 November 1799), establishing the French Consulate, and ends during the Hundred Days and his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo (18 June 1815). The Congress of Vienna soon set out to restore Europe to pre-French Revolution days. Napoleon brought political stability to a land torn by revolution and war. He made peace with the Roman Catholic Church and reversed the most radical religious policies of the Convention. In 1804 Napoleon promulgated the Civil Code, a revised body of civil law, which also helped stabilize French society. The Civil Code affirmed the political and legal equality of al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Education And Training In The United States
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct military uniform. It may consist of one or more military branches such as an army, navy, air force, space force, marines, or coast guard. The main task of the military is usually defined as defence of the state and its interests against external armed threats. In broad usage, the terms ''armed forces'' and ''military'' are often treated as synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include both its military and other paramilitary forces. There are various forms of irregular military forces, not belonging to a recognized state; though they share many attributes with regular military forces, they are less often referred to as simply ''military''. A nation's military may f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Role-playing Games
The history of role-playing games begins with an earlier tradition of role-playing, which combined with the rulesets of fantasy wargames in the 1970s to give rise to the modern role-playing game.: "Generation 1" games A role-playing game (RPG) is a type of game in which the participants assume the roles of characters and collaboratively create stories. Traditionally all the participants but one take on characters and determine the actions of their characters based on their characterization and the actions succeed or fail according to a system of rules and guidelines, and one of the participants takes on the role of game master (or GM for short) who narrates the story, plays all the non-player characters and determine the challenge rating and the outcome of various actions. Within the rules, the participants may improvise freely; their choices shape the direction and outcome of the games. Role-playing games are substantially different from competitive games such as ball g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1880 In Military History
Year 188 (CLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known in the Roman Empire as the Year of the Consulship of Fuscianus and Silanus (or, less frequently, year 941 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 188 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Publius Helvius Pertinax becomes pro-consul of Africa from 188 to 189. Japan * Queen Himiko (or Shingi Waō) begins her reign in Japan (until 248). Births * April 4 – Caracalla (or Antoninus), Roman emperor (d. 217) * Lu Ji (or Gongji), Chinese official and politician (d. 219) * Sun Shao, Chinese general of the Eastern Wu state (d. 241) Deaths * March 17 – Julian, pope and patriarch of Alexandria * Fa Zhen (or Gaoqing), Chinese scholar (b. AD 100) * Lucius Antistius Burrus, Roman politician (executed) * Ma Xiang, Chi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chainmail (game)
''Chainmail'' is a medieval miniature wargame created by Gary Gygax and Jeff Perren. Gygax developed the core medieval system of the game by expanding on rules authored by his fellow Lake Geneva Tactical Studies Association (LGTSA) member Perren, a hobby-shop owner with whom he had become friendly. Guidon Games released the first edition of ''Chainmail'' in 1971. Early history Origins In 1967, Henry Bodenstedt created the medieval wargame ''Siege of Bodenburg'', which was designed for use with 40mm miniatures. Gary Gygax first encountered ''Siege of Bodenburg'' at Gen Con I (1968), and played the game during that convention. The rules for ''Siege of Bodenburg'' had been published in ''Strategy & Tactics'' magazine, and Jeff Perren developed his own medieval rules based on those and shared them with Gary Gygax. The original set of medieval miniatures rules by Jeff Perren were just four pages. Gygax edited and expanded these rules, which were published as "Geneva Mediev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The First Fantasy Campaign
''The First Fantasy Campaign'' is a supplement for fantasy role-playing games written by Dave Arneson and published by Judges Guild in 1977. Description Dave Arneson created a new type of game in 1970, something he called "Blackmoor". After he demonstrated his game to Gary Gygax in 1972, Gygax proposed that the two of them work together to codify a set of rules for a new game, which subsequently became ''Dungeons & Dragons''. Gygax also founded TSR to publish the original set of rules in 1974. The following year, TSR published ''Blackmoor'', which outlined supplemental rules for ''D&D'' and included Arneson's sample adventure "Temple of the Frog"; however, despite its title, ''Blackmoor'' contained very little information about Arneson's Blackmoor campaign world. Arneson came to work at TSR in 1976 as Director of Research, but he and Gygax had very different visions of role-playing, and the creative differences between the two proved irreconcilable. Arneson left TSR at the end o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blackmoor (campaign Setting)
Blackmoor is a fantasy role-playing game campaign setting generally associated with the game ''Dungeons & Dragons''. It originated in the early 1970s as the personal setting of Dave Arneson, the co-creator of ''Dungeons & Dragons'', first as a setting for Arneson's miniature wargaming, wargames, then as an early testing ground for what would become ''D&D''. Early history Blackmoor began as a development of David Wesely's "Braunstein (game), Braunstein" games following Duane Jenkins Brownstone (Old West) variant and Arneson's own wargaming sessions, into which he had begun to introduce fantasy elements. Initially inspired by Conan novels and gothic horror, Arneson expanded the setting around the eponymous town, castle, and multi-level dungeon to include ideas from ''The Lord of the Rings'' and ''Dark Shadows'' and applied the Fantasy Supplement rules from the ''Chainmail (game), Chainmail'' game. Blackmoor was a campaign centered on individual player characters capable of a ser ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Role-playing Game
A role-playing game (sometimes spelled roleplaying game, RPG) is a game in which players assume the roles of characters in a fictional setting. Players take responsibility for acting out these roles within a narrative, either through literal acting or through a process of structured decision-making regarding character development. Actions taken within many games succeed or fail according to a formal system of rules and guidelines. There are several forms of role-playing games. The original form, sometimes called the tabletop role-playing game (TRPG), is conducted through discussion, whereas in live action role-playing (LARP), players physically perform their characters' actions.(Tychsen et al. 2006:255) "LARPs can be viewed as forming a distinct category of RPG because of two unique features: (a) The players physically embody their characters, and (b) the game takes place in a physical frame. Embodiment means that the physical actions of the player are regarded as those of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Braunstein (wargame)
''Braunstein'' is an experimental game and game genre introduced by David Wesely, a member of the Midwest Military Simulation Association, in the late 1960s, and originally played in the Twin Cities. ''Braunstein'' was important and influential in the early history of role-playing games. Origins Braunstein 1 In 1969, David Wesely served as referee for a Napoleonic wargame set in the fictional German town of Braunstein. Wesely set up a multi-player, multi-objective game, in which he assigned individual roles for each player, including non-military roles. For example, he had players acting as town mayor, banker, and university chancellor. Nearly 20 players showed up for the game, which was more than anticipated, and each player was assigned a role in the town of Braunstein. The players were originally supposed to communicate with the referee in a separate room. Unexpectedly, the players began using their characters to talk to one another, and traveled around the town of Braunste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dungeon!
''Dungeon!'' is an adventure board game designed by David R. Megarry and first released by TSR, Inc. in 1975. Additional contributions through multiple editions were made by Gary Gygax, Steve Winter, Jeff Grubb, Chris Dupuis and Michael Gray. ''Dungeon!'' simulates some aspects of the ''Dungeons & Dragons'' (''D&D'') role-playing game, which was released in 1974, although Megarry had a prototype of ''Dungeon!'' ready as early as 1972. ''Dungeon!'' features a map of a simple six-level dungeon with hallways, rooms, and chambers. Players move around the board seeking to defeat monsters and claim treasure. Greater treasures are located in deeper levels of the dungeon, along with tougher monsters. Players choose different character classes with different abilities. The object of the game is to be the first to return to the beginning chamber with a set value of treasure. Original edition David M. Ewalt, in his book ''Of Dice and Men'', described Megarry's original edition of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Don't Give Up The Ship!
''Don't Give Up the Ship'' is a set of rules for conducting Napoleonic era naval wargames. The game was published by Guidon Games in 1972 and republished by TSR, Inc. in 1975. The game was developed as a collaboration between Dave Arneson, Gary Gygax, and Mike Carr. It was the first collaboration between Dave Arneson and Gary Gygax, the co-authors of ''Dungeons & Dragons''. Mike Carr edited the rules and researched the historical single ship actions that are included as game scenarios. History The name comes from the dying words of James Lawrence to the crew of his USS ''Chesapeake'', later stitched into an ensign created by Purser Samuel Hambleton and raised by Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry in the Battle of Lake Erie, during the War of 1812. In the foreword, Gygax writes about the genesis of the rules: After they met for the first time at Gen Con, they chose to work together on a new game, ''Don't Give Up the Ship!'' which focused on their mutual interest in naval battl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
