|
Storage (wine)
Storage of wine is an important consideration for wine that is being kept for long-term aging. While most wine is consumed within 24 hours of purchase, fine wines are often set aside for long-term storage. Wine is one of the few commodities that can improve in flavour and value with age, but it can also rapidly deteriorate if kept in inadequate conditions. The three factors that have the most direct impact on a wine's condition are light, humidity, and temperature. Historically, the storage of wine was handled by wine merchants. Since the mid-20th century, however, consumers have been increasingly storing their own wine in home-based wine cellars.J. Robinson (ed), ''"The Oxford Companion to Wine,"'' Third Edition, p. 664. Oxford University Press, 2006. . Conditions affecting wine The three factors that have the most pronounced effect on wine in storage are light, humidity, and temperature. Light Direct sunlight or incandescent light can adversely react with phenolic compound ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wine Rack 7 Storage
Wine is an alcoholic drink typically made from fermented grapes. Yeast consumes the sugar in the grapes and converts it to ethanol and carbon dioxide, releasing heat in the process. Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts are major factors in different styles of wine. These differences result from the complex interactions between the biochemical development of the grape, the reactions involved in fermentation, the grape's growing environment (terroir), and the wine production process. Many countries enact legal appellations intended to define styles and qualities of wine. These typically restrict the geographical origin and permitted varieties of grapes, as well as other aspects of wine production. Wines not made from grapes involve fermentation of other crops including rice wine and other fruit wines such as plum, cherry, pomegranate, currant and elderberry. Wine has been produced for thousands of years. The earliest evidence of wine is from the Caucasu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxidize
Redox (reduction–oxidation, , ) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of substrate change. Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in the oxidation state, while reduction is the gain of electrons or a decrease in the oxidation state. There are two classes of redox reactions: * ''Electron-transfer'' – Only one (usually) electron flows from the reducing agent to the oxidant. This type of redox reaction is often discussed in terms of redox couples and electrode potentials. * ''Atom transfer'' – An atom transfers from one substrate to another. For example, in the rusting of iron, the oxidation state of iron atoms increases as the iron converts to an oxide, and simultaneously the oxidation state of oxygen decreases as it accepts electrons released by the iron. Although oxidation reactions are commonly associated with the formation of oxides, other chemical species can serve the same function. In hydrogenation, C=C (and other) bonds ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Justino Henriques Madeira Wine, Colheita 1996
Justino is a name which is used as both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include: Given name *Justino de Azcárate (1903–1989), Spanish lawyer and politician *Justino Díaz (born 1940), Puerto Rican operatic bass-baritone *Justino Orona Madrigal, Saint of the Cristero War *Justino Romea, Filipino composer, writer, director, musical arranger, poet and journalist Middle name *Vinicius Justino Calamari (born 1988), Brazilian footballer *João Justino Amaral dos Santos (born 1954), former football (soccer) player *Valcemar Justino da Silva (born 1968), Brazilian professional racing cyclist Surname *Fabio Augusto Justino (born 1974), former Brazilian football player *Hélio Justino (born 1972), Brazilian handball player *Jorge Luiz Alves Justino (born 1982), Brazilian central defender See also *Major Justino Mariño Cuesto Air Base (ICAO: SKMA), Colombian military base in Madrid, Cundinamarca, Colombia *Justin (other) * Justina (other) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexis Lichine
Alexis Lichine (December 3, 1913 – June 1, 1989) was a Russian wine writer and entrepreneur. He played a key role in promoting varietal labelling of wine, was a masterful salesman of wine, and owned Château Prieuré-Lichine and a share of Château Lascombes in the Médoc. He was married to actress Arlene Dahl from 1964 to 1969. Biography Lichine was born in Moscow in 1913. His family fled to France during the Russian Revolution of 1917, going on to the United States in 1919. He studied economics at the University of Pennsylvania but dropped out because he felt he wasn't learning anything. In 1932 Lichine moved back to Paris and accepted a sales position with ''The New York Herald Tribune''. In 1933 he continued in sales for ''The New York Herald Tribune'' in Algiers, and in 1934 moved back to New York as Prohibition ended. He attempted to start his own import wine company but failed, and in 1935 worked for the Cork and Bottle retail store in New York, and became a US citiz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wine Closure
Closure is a term used in the wine industry to refer to a stopper, the object used to seal a bottle and avoid harmful contact between the wine and oxygen.winepros.com.au. They include: * Traditional natural cork closures (' corks'); * alternative wine closures, such as screw caps, synthetic closures, glass closures. * Historical applications no longer in use, such as wooden stoppers with cloth or wax The choice of closure depends on issues such as the risk of cork taint, oxygen permeability and desired life of the wine. Another factor is consumer reaction, with the wine-buying public in Australia and New Zealand positive to alternative closures, while opinion is divided among consumers of the United States. In Europe, perceptions that associate screw caps with low-quality wine may be declining. Synthetic wine bottle closures may allow for a controlled oxygen transfer rate.Impact of post-bottling oxygen exposure on the sensory characteristics and phenolic composition of Grena ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Relative Humidity
Humidity is the concentration of water vapor present in the air. Water vapor, the gaseous state of water, is generally invisible to the human eye. Humidity indicates the likelihood for precipitation, dew, or fog to be present. Humidity depends on the temperature and pressure of the system of interest. The same amount of water vapor results in higher relative humidity in cool air than warm air. A related parameter is the dew point. The amount of water vapor needed to achieve saturation increases as the temperature increases. As the temperature of a parcel of air decreases it will eventually reach the saturation point without adding or losing water mass. The amount of water vapor contained within a parcel of air can vary significantly. For example, a parcel of air near saturation may contain 28 g of water per cubic metre of air at , but only 8 g of water per cubic metre of air at . Three primary measurements of humidity are widely employed: absolute, relative, and specific. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea; overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Due to its several coastal territories, France has the largest exclusive economic zone in the world. France borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Andorra, and Spain in continental Europe, as well as the Netherlands, Suriname, and Brazil in the Americas via its overseas territories in French Guiana and Saint Martin. Its eighteen integral regions (five of which are overseas) span a combined area of and contain clos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matt Kramer (wine)
Matt Kramer is an American wine critic since 1976. He is a columnist for ''The Oregonian'', was a columnist for ''The New York Sun'' before its demise in 2008, and previously for ''Los Angeles Times'', and since 1985 is a regular contributor to ''Wine Spectator''. He has been described as "perhaps the most un-American of all America's wine writers", by Mike Steinberger as "one of the more insightful and entertaining wine writers around", and by Hugh Johnson as "an intellectual guerrilla among wine writers".Prial, Frank J., ''The New York Times'' (October 8, 2003)'Making Sense' Still Making Sense/ref> Among his publications are the books ''Making Sense of Wine'' (1989), ''Making Sense of Burgundy'' (1990), ''Making Sense of California Wine'', (1992), ''Making Sense of Italian Wine'' (2006) and ''Matt Kramer on Wine''. Career Kramer describes in ''Making Sense of Wine'' how he began his career as a wine writer in 1976, then a food writer of a weekly paper, in a meeting with his p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wine Spectator
''Wine Spectator'' is an American lifestyle magazine that focuses on wine and wine culture, and gives out ratings to certain types of wine. It publishes 15 issues per year with content that includes news, articles, profiles, and general entertainment pieces. Each issue also includes from 400 to more than 1,000 wine reviews, which consist of wine ratings and tasting notes. The publication also awards its 100 chosen top wineries each year with the ''Winery of the Year Awards''. ''Wine Spectator'', like most other major wine publications, rates wine on a 100-point scale. The magazine's policy also states that editors review wines in blind tastings. Wine Spectator's current critics include executive editor Thomas Mathews; editor-at-large Harvey Steiman; senior editors James Laube, Kim Marcus, Bruce Sanderson, Tim Fish, James Molesworth, Alison Napjus and MaryAnn Worobiec; associate editor Gillian Sciaretta and associate tasting coordinator Aleksandar Zecevic. Past critics include for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dehumidifying
A dehumidifier is an air conditioning device which reduces and maintains the level of humidity in the air. This is done usually for health or thermal comfort reasons, or to eliminate musty odor and to prevent the growth of mildew by extracting water from the air. It can be used for household, commercial, or industrial applications. Large dehumidifiers are used in commercial buildings such as indoor ice rinks and swimming pools, as well as manufacturing plants or storage warehouses. Typical air conditioning systems combine dehumidification with cooling, by operating cooling coils below the dewpoint and draining away the water that condenses. Overview Dehumidifiers extract water from air that passes through the unit. There are two common types of dehumidifiers: condensate dehumidifiers and desiccant dehumidifiers, and there are also other emerging designs. Condensate dehumidifiers use a refrigeration cycle to collect water known as condensate, which is normally considered to be gre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Refrigerator
A refrigerator, colloquially fridge, is a commercial and home appliance consisting of a thermally insulated compartment and a heat pump (mechanical, electronic or chemical) that transfers heat from its inside to its external environment so that its inside is cooled to a temperature below the room temperature. Refrigeration is an essential food storage technique around the world. The lower temperature lowers the reproduction rate of bacteria, so the refrigerator reduces the rate of spoilage. A refrigerator maintains a temperature a few degrees above the freezing point of water. The optimal temperature range for perishable food storage is .Keep your fridge-freezer clean and ice-free ''BBC''. 30 April 2008 A similar device that maintains a temperature below the freezing point of water is called a freezer. The refrigerator replaced the icebox, which had been a common household appliance for almost a century and a half. The United States Food and Drug Administration recommends t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tom Stevenson
Tom Stevenson (born 1951) is a British wine writer and critic. Described by his colleagues as one of today's most prolific wine authors, Stevenson is regarded as the world's leading authority on Champagne.christies.coChristie’s Champagne Masterclass/ref> He has written 23 books, the most important of which have been published internationally by more than 50 publishers and translated into over 25 languages. In 1986, his book ''Champagne'' became the first wine book to win four literary awards, establishing Stevenson's reputation as a serious author, a fastidious researcher with a talent for divining future issues, and a critic bold enough to take on the establishment. Career Although Stevenson's first writings on wine were published in ''Decanter'' in the late 1970s, a magazine for which he still writes, he was a more prolific contributor to '' WINE Magazine'' for consumers and '' Wine & Spirit International'' for the trade (both since merged into ''Wine & Spirit'') during t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
