|
Stem Sawfly
Cephoidea is a small superfamily within the Symphyta, commonly referred to as stem sawflies, containing some 100 species in 10 genera in the living family, Cephidae, plus another 17 genera in the extinct family Sepulcidae. Most species occur in the Northern Hemisphere, especially in Eurasia. The larvae are stem borers in various plants, especially grasses, but sometimes other herbaceous plants, shrubs, or trees. A few are pests of cereal grains (e.g. ''Cephus cinctus'', which attacks wheat). They are exceptionally slender for symphytans, often resembling other types of wasps, and they are the only Symphyta which lack cenchri. They are sometimes postulated to be the sister taxon to the Apocrita, though the Orussidae The Orussidae or the parasitic wood wasps represent a small family of sawflies ("Symphyta"). Currently, about 93 extant and four fossil species are known. They take a key position in phylogenetic analyses of Hymenoptera, because they form the sis ... are more common ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hartigia Linearis
''Phylloecus'' (formerly ''Hartigia'') is a genus of sawflies belonging to the family Cephidae. The genus was first described by Edward Newman in 1838. In 2014, the genus ''Hartigia'' Schiødte, 1839 was proposed as a junior synonym of ''Phylloecus''. Species The following species are included in the genus: * '' Phylloecus agilis'' (F. Smith, 1874) * '' Phylloecus albotegularis'' (Wei & Nie, 1996) * '' Phylloecus algiricus'' André, 1881 * '' Phylloecus bicinctus'' Provancher, 1875 * '' Phylloecus cheni'' (Wei & Nie, 1999) * '' Phylloecus coreanus'' (Takeuchi, 1938) * '' Phylloecus cowichanus'' (Ries, 1937) * '' Phylloecus elevatus'' (Maa, 1944) * '' Phylloecus epigonus'' (Zhelochovtsev, 1961) * '' Phylloecus etorofensis'' (Takeuchi, 1955) * '' Phylloecus fasciatus'' (Cresson, 1880) * '' Phylloecus faunus'' Newman, 1838 * '' Phylloecus kamijoi'' (Shinohara, 1999) * '' Phylloecus linearis'' (Schrank, 1781) * '' Phylloecus mexicanus'' (Guerin, 844 * '' Phylloecus minutus'' (Wei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wheat
Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain that is a worldwide staple food. The many species of wheat together make up the genus ''Triticum'' ; the most widely grown is common wheat (''T. aestivum''). The archaeological record suggests that wheat was first cultivated in the regions of the Fertile Crescent around 9600 BCE. Botanically, the wheat kernel is a type of fruit called a caryopsis. Wheat is grown on more land area than any other food crop (, 2014). World trade in wheat is greater than for all other crops combined. In 2020, world production of wheat was , making it the second most-produced cereal after maize. Since 1960, world production of wheat and other grain crops has tripled and is expected to grow further through the middle of the 21st century. Global demand for wheat is increasing due to the unique viscoelastic and adhesive properties of gluten proteins, which facilitate the production of processed foods, whose consumption is inc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sawflies
Sawflies are the insects of the suborder Symphyta within the order Hymenoptera, alongside ants, bees, and wasps. The common name comes from the saw-like appearance of the ovipositor, which the females use to cut into the plants where they lay their eggs. The name is associated especially with the Tenthredinoidea, by far the largest superfamily in the suborder, with about 7,000 known species; in the entire suborder, there are 8,000 described species in more than 800 genera. Symphyta is paraphyletic, consisting of several basal groups within the order Hymenoptera, each one rooted inside the previous group, ending with the Apocrita which are not sawflies. The primary distinction between sawflies and the Apocrita – the ants, bees, and wasps – is that the adults lack a "wasp waist", and instead have a broad connection between the abdomen and the thorax. Some sawflies are Batesian mimics of wasps and bees, and the ovipositor can be mistaken for a stinger. Sawflies vary in leng ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calameuta Filiformis (Cephidae Sp
''Calameuta'' is a genus of insects belonging to the family Cephidae Cephidae is a family of stem sawflies in the order Hymenoptera. There are about 27 genera and more than 160 described species in Cephidae. Genera These 27 genera belong to the family Cephidae: * '' Athetocephus'' Benson, 1935 * '' Australcep .... The genus was first described by Konow in 1896. The species of this genus are found in Europe and Northern America. Species: * '' Calameuta filiformis'' * '' Calameuta filum'' * '' Calameuta pallipes'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q4035732 Cephidae Sawfly genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orussidae
The Orussidae or the parasitic wood wasps represent a small family of sawflies (" Symphyta"). Currently, about 93 extant and four fossil species are known. They take a key position in phylogenetic analyses of Hymenoptera, because they form the sister taxon of the megadiverse apocritan wasps, and the common ancestor of Orussidae + Apocrita evolved parasitism for the first time in course of the evolution of the Hymenoptera. They are also the only sawflies with carnivorous larvae. Description Adults The fully winged wasps are 2−23 mm long. They are predominantly black but species of ''Chalinus'', ''Mocsarya'' and ''Orussobaius'' are more or less metallic. Some species have a red thorax or abdomen and conspicuous white or golden pilosity. Many ''Orussus'' species bear white spots on the legs. The antennae of males are composed of 11, those of females of 10 articles. The modified distal antennal articles of females (article 9 enlarged, article 10 very small) are involved in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apocrita
Apocrita is a suborder of insects in the order Hymenoptera. It includes wasps, bees, and ants, and consists of many families. It contains the most advanced hymenopterans and is distinguished from Symphyta by the narrow "waist" ( petiole) formed between the first two segments of the actual abdomen; the first abdominal segment is fused to the thorax, and is called the propodeum. Therefore, it is general practice, when discussing the body of an apocritan in a technical sense, to refer to the mesosoma and metasoma (or gaster) rather than the "thorax" and "abdomen", respectively. The evolution of a constricted waist was an important adaption for the parasitoid lifestyle of the ancestral apocritan, allowing more maneuverability of the female's ovipositor. The ovipositor either extends freely or is retracted, and may be developed into a stinger for both defense and paralyzing prey. Larvae are legless and blind, and either feed inside a host (plant or animal) or in a nest cell provisio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister Taxon
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and taxon B are sister groups to each other. Taxa A and B, together with any other extant or extinct descendants of their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), form a monophyletic group, the clade AB. Clade AB and taxon C are also sister groups. Taxa A, B, and C, together with all other descendants of their MRCA form the clade ABC. The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree which offers yet more sister group relationships, both among the leaves and among larger, more deeply rooted clades. The tree structure shown connects through its root to the rest of the universal tree of life. In cladistic standards, taxa A, B, and C may represent specimens, species, genera, or any other taxonomic units. If A and B are at the same ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cenchrus (insect Anatomy)
The cenchrus (plural cenchri) is a specialized anatomical structure in the insect group known as sawflies. The cenchri are small blister-like lobes on the metanotum of these insects, just posterior to the mesothoracic scutellum, shaped and positioned in such a way as to latch onto the base of the front wings A wing is a type of fin that produces lift while moving through air or some other fluid. Accordingly, wings have streamlined cross-sections that are subject to aerodynamic forces and act as airfoils. A wing's aerodynamic efficiency is expre ... when they are folded at rest. There are corresponding small patches on the wings where the membrane is roughened, to increase the friction against the dorsal surface of the cenchri. This is a unique mechanism among the insects. References Sawflies Insect anatomy {{insect-anatomy-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wasp
A wasp is any insect of the narrow-waisted suborder Apocrita of the order Hymenoptera which is neither a bee nor an ant; this excludes the broad-waisted sawflies (Symphyta), which look somewhat like wasps, but are in a separate suborder. The wasps do not constitute a clade, a complete natural group with a single ancestor, as bees and ants are deeply nested within the wasps, having evolved from wasp ancestors. Wasps that are members of the clade Aculeata can sting their prey. The most commonly known wasps, such as yellowjackets and hornets, are in the family Vespidae and are eusocial, living together in a nest with an egg-laying queen and non-reproducing workers. Eusociality is favoured by the unusual haplodiploid system of sex determination in Hymenoptera, as it makes sisters exceptionally closely related to each other. However, the majority of wasp species are solitary, with each adult female living and breeding independently. Females typically have an ovipositor f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cephus Cinctus
''Cephus cinctus'', also known as wheat stem sawfly, is a slow flying, yellow and black coloured, destructive pest found mainly in western North America. Habit and habitat The adult fly grows to a length of 7 to 12 mm. Males are considerably smaller than females. However, they are delicate and short lived. Host The species has a wide host range that includes all large-stemmed grasses except oats, Avena sativa L. (Macedo et al. 2005a). Distribution It is known as a chronic pest in Northern Great Plains of the United States and also an important pest of wheat in the Canadian Prairies The Canadian Prairies (usually referred to as simply the Prairies in Canada) is a region in Western Canada. It includes the Canadian portion of the Great Plains and the Prairie Provinces, namely Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. These provin .... The species is distributed widely in various regions of the US and Canada. References Further reading * * * * {{Taxonbar, from=Q14499259 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Newman (entomologist)
Edward Newman (13 May 1801 – 12 June 1876) was an English entomologist, botanist and writer. Newman was born in Hampstead into a Quaker family. Both his parents were keen naturalists, and he was further encouraged to take an interest in the natural world at his boarding school in Painswick. He left school at sixteen to join his father's business in Guildford, moving to Deptford in 1826 to take over a rope-making business. Here he met many of the leading entomologists of the day, including Edward Doubleday, and was a founder member of the Entomological Club. In 1832 he was elected as editor of the club's journal, ''The Entomological Magazine'', and the following year became a fellow of the Linnean Society and one of the founder members of the Entomological Society of London. In 1840 Newman was married and published the first edition of ''A History of British Ferns and Allied Plants''. He became a partner in a firm of London printers, Luxford & Co., and became a printer and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cereal
A cereal is any grass cultivated for the edible components of its grain (botanically, a type of fruit called a caryopsis), composed of the endosperm, germ, and bran. Cereal grain crops are grown in greater quantities and provide more food energy worldwide than any other type of crop and are therefore staple crops. They include wheat, rye, oats, and barley. Edible grains from other plant families, such as buckwheat, quinoa and chia, are referred to as pseudocereals. In their unprocessed whole grain form, cereals are a rich source of vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, oils, and protein. When processed by the removal of the bran and germ the remaining endosperm is mostly carbohydrate. In some developing countries, grain in the form of rice, wheat, millet, or maize constitutes a majority of daily sustenance. In developed countries, cereal consumption is moderate and varied but still substantial, primarily in the form of refined and processed grains. Because of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
%2C_Arnhem%2C_the_Netherlands.jpg "Click for more on -> Stem Sawfly")
_larvae.jpg "Click for more on -> Sawflies")
.png "Click for more on -> Sister Taxon")
