South Australian Railways U Class
The eight members of the South Australian Railways U class were the first narrow-gauge locomotives on the South Australian Railways and the first of many steam locomotives built by Beyer, Peacock and Company for the railway. They entered service in 1876: four on the History of rail transport in Australia#South Australia, Port Wakefield to Hoyleton line and four on the Port Pirie South railway station, Port Pirie to Crystal Brook line. Subsequently they operated on the Balaklava-Moonta railway line, Port Wakefield, Crystal Brook–Broken Hill railway line, Port Pirie and Central Australia Railway, Port Augusta lines. In addition to their SAR operations, several were used by contractors at various times on extending the narrow gauge lines into the hinterland. Their role on main lines did not last long, because of shortcomings in the valve gear and pony truck designs; locomotives of the long-lived South Australian Railways W class, W class entered service two years later, after whi ...
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Steam
Steam is a substance containing water in the gas phase, and sometimes also an aerosol of liquid water droplets, or air. This may occur due to evaporation or due to boiling, where heat is applied until water reaches the enthalpy of vaporization. Steam that is saturated or superheated is invisible; however, "steam" often refers to wet steam, the visible mist or aerosol of water droplets formed as water vapor condenses. Water increases in volume by 1,700 times at standard temperature and pressure; this change in volume can be converted into mechanical work by steam engines such as reciprocating piston type engines and steam turbines, which are a sub-group of steam engines. Piston type steam engines played a central role in the Industrial Revolution and modern steam turbines are used to generate more than 80% of the world's electricity. If liquid water comes in contact with a very hot surface or depressurizes quickly below its vapor pressure, it can create a steam explosion ...
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