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Schistosoma Indicum
''Schistosoma indicum'' is a species of digenetic trematode in the family Schistosomatidae. The parasite is widespread in domestic animals in India and other Asian countries. ''Schistosoma indicum'' was discovered by the British scientist R. E. Montgomery, in 1906, from a horse from Mukteswar, Uttar Pradesh, India. This blood-fluke causes hepato-intestinal schistosomiasis in many domestic animals (sheep, goat, water buffalo, cattle, camel, horse, donkey, dog, but not pigs). It was responsible for an outbreak of pulmonary schistosomiasis, in 1981, in sheep in Rajasthan, leading to considerable mortality. ''S.indicum'' caused considerable mortality in the sheep flocks in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka but it was misdiagnosed as Rinder Pest, highlighting the problem of proper diagnosis of the infection in domestic animals. ''S.indicum'' has been detected from almost all the states of India and is more widespread than '' Schistosoma spindale''. Intermediate hosts The parasite's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montgomery (binomial Authority)
Montgomery refers to: People For people with the name Montgomery, see Montgomery (name) Places Belgium * Montgomery Square, Brussels * Montgomery metro station, Brussels Pakistan * Montgomery (town), British India, former name of Sahiwal, Punjab * Montgomery District, an administrative district in the Lahore division of former Punjab Province of British India ** Montgomery Tahsil, an administrative subdivision of Montgomery District in Punjab province of British India United Kingdom Wales * Montgomery, Powys ** Montgomery Canal ** Montgomery Castle * Montgomeryshire (other) United States * Montgomery, Alabama, state capital * Montgomery, California * Montgomery, Georgia * Montgomery, Illinois * Montgomery, Indiana * Montgomery, Iowa * Montgomery, Kentucky * Montgomery, Louisiana * Montgomery, Massachusetts * Montgomery, Michigan * Montgomery, Minnesota * Montgomery, Mississippi * Montgomery, New York (other) * Montgomery, Ohio * Montgomery, Pennsylvania * M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freshwater Snail
Freshwater snails are gastropod mollusks which live in fresh water. There are many different families. They are found throughout the world in various habitats, ranging from ephemeral pools to the largest lakes, and from small seeps and springs to major rivers. The great majority of freshwater gastropods have a shell, with very few exceptions. Some groups of snails that live in freshwater respire using gills, whereas other groups need to reach the surface to breathe air. In addition, some are amphibious and have both gills and a lung (e.g. '' Ampullariidae''). Most feed on algae, but many are detritivores and some are filter feeders. According to a 2008 review of the taxonomy, there are about 4,000 species of freshwater gastropods (3,795–3,972). At least 33–38 independent lineages of gastropods have successfully colonized freshwater environments. It is not possible to quantify the exact number of these lineages yet, because they have yet to be clarified within the Cerit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animals Described In 1906
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, are able to move, can reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of cells, the blastula, during embryonic development. Over 1.5 million living animal species have been described—of which around 1 million are insects—but it has been estimated there are over 7 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from to . They have complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology. Most living animal species are in Bilateria, a clade whose members have a bilaterally symmetric body plan. The Bilateria include the protostomes, containing animals such as nematodes, arthropods, flatworms, annelids and molluscs, and the deuterostomes, containing the echino ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diplostomida
Diplostomida is an order of trematodes in the subclass Digenea. It is synonymous with Strigeida Poche, 1926. Families Order Diplostomida *Suborder Diplostomata **Superfamily Brachylaimoidea Joyeux & Foley, 1930 ***Brachylaimidae Joyeux & Foley, 1930 ***Leucochloridiidae Poche, 1907 **Superfamily Diplostomoidea Poirier, 1886 ***Brauninidae Wolf, 1903 ***Cyathocotylidae Mühling, 1898 ***Diplostomidae Poirier, 1886 ***Proterodiplostomidae Dubois, 1936 ***Strigeidae Railliet, 1919 **Superfamily Schistosomatoidea Stiles & Hassall, 1898 ***Aporocotylidae Odhner, 1912 ***Schistosomatidae Stiles & Hassall, 1898 ***Spirorchiidae Spirorchiidae is a family of digenetic trematodes. Infestation by these trematodes leads to the disease spirorchiidiosis. Spirorchiids are mainly parasites of turtles. It has been synonymised with Proparorchiidae Ward, 1921, Spirorchidae Stun ... Stunkard, 1921 Clinostomoidea Lühe, 1901 has been synonymised with Schistosomatoidea Stiles & Hassall, 1898. {{ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schistosoma Incognitum
''Schistosoma'' is a genus of trematodes, commonly known as blood flukes. They are parasitic flatworms responsible for a highly significant group of infections in humans termed ''schistosomiasis'', which is considered by the World Health Organization as the second-most socioeconomically devastating parasitic disease (after malaria), with hundreds of millions infected worldwide. Adult flatworms parasitize blood capillaries of either the mesenteries or plexus of the bladder, depending on the infecting species. They are unique among trematodes and any other flatworms in that they are dioecious with distinct sexual dimorphism between male and female. Thousands of eggs are released and reach either the bladder or the intestine (according to the infecting species), and these are then excreted in urine or feces to fresh water. Larvae must then pass through an intermediate snail host, before the next larval stage of the parasite emerges that can infect a new mammalian host by directly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schistosoma Haematobium
''Schistosoma haematobium'' (urinary blood fluke) is a species of digenetic trematode, belonging to a group (genus) of blood flukes (''Schistosoma''). It is found in Africa and the Middle East. It is the major agent of schistosomiasis, the most prevalent parasitic infection in humans. It is the only blood fluke that infects the urinary tract, causing urinary schistosomiasis, and is the leading cause of bladder cancer (only next to tobacco smoking). The diseases are caused by the eggs. Adults are found in the venous plexuses around the urinary bladder and the released eggs travels to the wall of the urine bladder causing haematuria and fibrosis of the bladder. The bladder becomes calcified, and there is increased pressure on ureters and kidneys otherwise known as hydronephrosis. Inflammation of the genitals due to ''S. haematobium'' may contribute to the propagation of HIV. ''S. haematobium'' was the first blood fluke discovered. Theodor Bilharz, a German surgeon working in Cai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transmission (medicine)
In medicine, public health, and biology, transmission is the passing of a pathogen causing communicable disease from an infected host individual or group to a particular individual or group, regardless of whether the other individual was previously infected. The term strictly refers to the transmission of microorganisms directly from one individual to another by one or more of the following means: * airborne transmission – very small dry and wet particles that stay in the air for long periods of time allowing airborne contamination even after the departure of the host. Particle size 5 μm. * direct physical contact – touching an infected individual, including sexual contact * indirect physical contact – usually by touching a contaminated surface, including soil (fomite) * fecal–oral transmission – usually from unwashed hands, contaminated food or water sources due to lack of sanitation and hygiene, an important transmission route in pediatrics, veterinary medicine an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indoplanorbis Exustus
''Indoplanorbis'' is a genus of air-breathing freshwater snail. Its Monotypic taxon, only member species is ''Indoplanorbis exustus'', an aquatic animal, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Planorbidae, the sheep, ram's horn snails. The species is widely distributed across the tropics. It serves as an important intermediate host for several trematode parasites. The invasive species, invasive nature and ecological tolerance of ''Indoplanorbis exustus'' add to its importance in veterinary and medical science. Taxonomy ''Indoplanorbis exustus'' is the only known species in the genus ''Indoplanorbis''. In spite of its long history and wide geographical range, it is thought that ''Indoplanorbis'' includes only a single species. However phylogeography research by Liu et al. (2010) revealed the phylogenetic depth of divergences between the Indian clades and Southeast Asian clades, together with habitat and parasitological differences suggest that ''Indopl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
