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San Francisco Syncope Rule
The San Francisco Syncope Rule (SFSR) is a rule for evaluating the risk of adverse outcomes in patients presenting with fainting or Vasovagal syncope, syncope. The mnemonic for features of the rule is CHESS: • C - History of Heart failure#High-output heart failure, congestive heart failure • H - Hematocrit < 30% • E - Abnormal Electrocardiogram, ECG • S - Shortness of breath • S - Triage systolic blood pressure < 90 A patient with any of the above measures is considered at high risk for a serious outcome such as death, myocardial infarction, Cardiac arrhythmia, arrhythmia, pulmonary embolism, stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, significant hemorrhage, or any condition causing a return Emergency Department visit and hospitalization for a related event. SFSR was retrospectively found to have 98% sensitivity and specificity of 56% for serious causes of syncope. However, external prospective validation of the criteria found sensitivity to be 74%, substantially lower than th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fainting
Syncope, commonly known as fainting, or passing out, is a loss of consciousness and muscle strength characterized by a fast onset, short duration, and spontaneous recovery. It is caused by a decrease in blood flow to the brain, typically from low blood pressure. There are sometimes symptoms before the loss of consciousness such as lightheadedness, sweating, pale skin, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, or feeling warm. Syncope may also be associated with a short episode of muscle twitching. Psychiatric causes can also be determined when a patient experiences fear, anxiety, or panic; particularly before a stressful event usually medical in nature. When consciousness and muscle strength are not completely lost, it is called presyncope. It is recommended that presyncope be treated the same as syncope. Causes range from non-serious to potentially fatal. There are three broad categories of causes: heart or blood vessel related; reflex, also known as neurally mediated; and orth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
