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SWR Meter
The standing wave ratio meter, SWR meter, ISWR meter (current "" SWR), or VSWR meter (voltage SWR) measures the standing wave ratio (SWR) in a transmission line. The meter indirectly measures the degree of mismatch between a transmission line and its load (usually an antenna). Electronics technicians use it to adjust radio transmitters and their antennas and feedlines to be impedance matched so they work together properly, and evaluate the effectiveness of other impedance matching efforts. Directional SWR meter A directional SWR meter measures the magnitude of the forward and reflected waves by sensing each one individually, with directional couplers. A calculation then produces the SWR. Referring to the above diagram, the transmitter (TX) and antenna (ANT) terminals connect via an internal transmission line. This main line is electromagnetically coupled to two smaller sense lines (directional couplers). These are terminated with resistors at one end and diode rectifie ...
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Para Dynamics Swrmeter Dec07
Para, or PARA, may refer to: Businesses and organizations * Paramount Global, traded as PARA on the Nasdaq stock exchange * Para Group, the former name of CT Corp * Para Rubber, now Skellerup, a New Zealand manufacturer * Para USA, formerly Para-Ordnance, a firearms manufacturer * Pan American Rugby Association * Philippine Amateur Radio Association People * Pará (footballer, born 1986), Marcos Rogério Ricci Lopes * Pará (footballer, born 1987), Erinaldo Rabelo Santos * Pará (footballer, born 1995), Anderson Ferreira da Silva * Pará (footballer, born 2002), Luis Felipe Rabelo Costa * André Cordeiro (water polo) (born 1967), nicknamed Pará, Brazilian water polo player * Para Draine (born 1972), American female boxer Places * Para (Bengali), a Bengali word meaning neighborhood or locality * Pará, a state of Brazil * Para (community development block), Purulia district, West Bengal, India ** Para, Purulia ** Para (Vidhan Sabha constituency) * Para, Jhabu ...
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SWR & Power Meter Inner View
SWR may refer to: Radio and television * Standing wave ratio, in radio-engineering a measure of impedance matching of loads Broadcasters * Scandinavian Weekend Radio, Virrat, Finland * South West Radio, former broadcaster, England * Südwestrundfunk, German radio and television broadcaster ** SWR Symphonieorchester, a radio orchestra affiliated with Südwestrundfunk ** SWR Vokalensemble, the vocal ensemble of Südwestrundfunk * SWR FM, former name of the SWR Triple 9 FM radio broadcaster, Sydney, Australia * SWR Fernsehen, a German regional television channel People * Simeon Woods Richardson, American baseball player Transportation Railway * South Wales Railway, UK * South Western Railway (train operating company), England * South Western Railway zone, India Airlines * Swiss International Air Lines (ICAO code), national airline of Switzerland * Swissair (ICAO code), former national airline of Switzerland Other uses * SWR Sound Corporation, guitar amplifier manufacturer * ...
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Antenna Analyzer
An antenna analyzer or in British aerial analyser (also known as a noise bridge, RX bridge, SWR analyzer, or RF analyzer) is a device used for measuring the input impedance of antenna systems in radio electronics applications. In radio communications systems, including amateur radio, an antenna analyzer is a common tool used for fine tuning antenna and feedline performance, as well as troubleshooting them. Antenna bridges have long been used in the broadcast industry to tune antennas. A bridge is available which measures complex impedance while the transmitter is operating, practically a necessity when tuning multi-tower antenna systems. In more recent times the direct-reading network analyzers have become more common. Types of analysers There are several different instruments of varying complexity and accuracy for testing antennas and their feed lines. All can also be used to measure other electrical circuits and components (at least, in principle). * The simplest is an SWR me ...
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Radio Frequency
Radio frequency (RF) is the oscillation rate of an alternating electric current or voltage or of a magnetic, electric or electromagnetic field or mechanical system in the frequency range from around to around . This is roughly between the upper limit of audio frequencies and the lower limit of infrared frequencies; these are the frequencies at which energy from an oscillating current can radiate off a conductor into space as radio waves. Different sources specify different upper and lower bounds for the frequency range. Electric current Electric currents that oscillate at radio frequencies (RF currents) have special properties not shared by direct current or lower audio frequency alternating current, such as the 50 or 60 Hz current used in electrical power distribution. * Energy from RF currents in conductors can radiate into space as electromagnetic waves ( radio waves). This is the basis of radio technology. * RF current does not penetrate deeply into ele ...
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Impedance Bridge
An LCR meter is a type of electronic test equipment used to measure the inductance (L), capacitance (C), and resistance (R) of an electronic component. In the simpler versions of this instrument the impedance was measured internally and converted for display to the corresponding capacitance or inductance value. Readings should be reasonably accurate if the capacitor or inductor device under test does not have a significant resistive component of impedance. More advanced designs measure true inductance or capacitance, as well as the equivalent series resistance of capacitors and the Q factor of inductive components. Operation Usually the device under test (DUT) is subjected to an AC voltage source. The meter measures the voltage across and the current through the DUT. From the ratio of these the meter can determine the magnitude of the impedance. The phase angle between the voltage and current is also measured in more advanced instruments; in combination with the impedance ...
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Types Of Radio Emissions
The International Telecommunication Union uses an internationally agreed system for classifying radio frequency signals. Each type of radio emission is classified according to its bandwidth, method of modulation, nature of the modulating signal, and type of information transmitted on the carrier signal. It is based on characteristics of the ''signal'', not on the transmitter used. An emission designation is of the form ''BBBB 123 45'', where ''BBBB'' is the bandwidth of the signal, ''1'' is a letter indicating the type of modulation used of the main carrier (not including any subcarriers which is why FM stereo is F8E and not D8E), ''2'' is a digit representing the type of modulating signal again of the main carrier, ''3'' is a letter corresponding to the type of information transmitted, ''4'' is a letter indicating the practical details of the transmitted information, and ''5'' is a letter that represents the method of multiplexing. The ''4'' and ''5'' fields are optional. This ...
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Crystal Radio
A crystal radio receiver, also called a crystal set, is a simple radio receiver, popular in the early days of radio. It uses only the power of the received radio signal to produce sound, needing no external power. It is named for its most important component, a crystal detector, originally made from a piece of crystalline mineral such as galena. This component is now called a diode. Crystal radios are the simplest type of radio receiver and can be made with a few inexpensive parts, such as a wire for an antenna, a coil of wire, a capacitor, a crystal detector, and earphones (because a crystal set has insufficient power for a loudspeaker). However they are passive receivers, while other radios use an amplifier powered by current from a battery or wall outlet to make the radio signal louder. Thus, crystal sets produce rather weak sound and must be listened to with sensitive earphones, and can receive stations only within a limited range of the transmitter. The rectifying ...
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Types Of Radio Emissions
The International Telecommunication Union uses an internationally agreed system for classifying radio frequency signals. Each type of radio emission is classified according to its bandwidth, method of modulation, nature of the modulating signal, and type of information transmitted on the carrier signal. It is based on characteristics of the ''signal'', not on the transmitter used. An emission designation is of the form ''BBBB 123 45'', where ''BBBB'' is the bandwidth of the signal, ''1'' is a letter indicating the type of modulation used of the main carrier (not including any subcarriers which is why FM stereo is F8E and not D8E), ''2'' is a digit representing the type of modulating signal again of the main carrier, ''3'' is a letter corresponding to the type of information transmitted, ''4'' is a letter indicating the practical details of the transmitted information, and ''5'' is a letter that represents the method of multiplexing. The ''4'' and ''5'' fields are optional. This ...
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Swr Meter Mismatch
SWR may refer to: Radio and television * Standing wave ratio, in radio-engineering a measure of impedance matching of loads Broadcasters * Scandinavian Weekend Radio, Virrat, Finland * South West Radio, former broadcaster, England * Südwestrundfunk, German radio and television broadcaster ** SWR Symphonieorchester, a radio orchestra affiliated with Südwestrundfunk ** SWR Vokalensemble, the vocal ensemble of Südwestrundfunk * SWR FM, former name of the SWR Triple 9 FM radio broadcaster, Sydney, Australia * SWR Fernsehen, a German regional television channel People * Simeon Woods Richardson, American baseball player Transportation Railway * South Wales Railway, UK * South Western Railway (train operating company), England * South Western Railway zone, India Airlines * Swiss International Air Lines (ICAO code), national airline of Switzerland * Swissair (ICAO code), former national airline of Switzerland Other uses * SWR Sound Corporation, guitar amplifier manufacturer * Saw ...
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Electrical Impedance
In electrical engineering, impedance is the opposition to alternating current presented by the combined effect of resistance and reactance in a circuit. Quantitatively, the impedance of a two-terminal circuit element is the ratio of the complex representation of the sinusoidal voltage between its terminals, to the complex representation of the current flowing through it. In general, it depends upon the frequency of the sinusoidal voltage. Impedance extends the concept of resistance to alternating current (AC) circuits, and possesses both magnitude and phase, unlike resistance, which has only magnitude. Impedance can be represented as a complex number, with the same units as resistance, for which the SI unit is the ohm (). Its symbol is usually , and it may be represented by writing its magnitude and phase in the polar form . However, Cartesian complex number representation is often more powerful for circuit analysis purposes. The notion of impedance is useful for ...
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Standing Wave Ratio
In radio engineering and telecommunications, standing wave ratio (SWR) is a measure of impedance matching of loads to the characteristic impedance of a transmission line or waveguide. Impedance mismatches result in standing waves along the transmission line, and SWR is defined as the ratio of the partial standing wave's amplitude at an antinode (maximum) to the amplitude at a node (minimum) along the line. The SWR is usually thought of in terms of the maximum and minimum AC voltages along the transmission line, thus called the voltage standing wave ratio or VSWR (sometimes pronounced "vizwar" ). For example, the VSWR value 1.2:1 means that an AC voltage, due to standing waves along the transmission line, will have a peak value 1.2 times that of the minimum AC voltage along that line, if the line is at least one half wavelength long. The SWR can be also defined as the ratio of the maximum amplitude to minimum amplitude of the transmission line's currents, electric field stre ...
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