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Symphony Laboratories
Winbond Electronics Corporation () is a Taiwan-based corporation founded in 1987. It produces semiconductors and several types of integrated circuits (ICs) including dynamic random-access memory, static random-access memory, serial flash, microcontrollers, and Super I/O chips. Winbond is the largest brand-name IC supplier in Taiwan and one of the biggest suppliers of semiconductors worldwide. History Winbond was established in 1987 in Hsinchu Science Park in Taiwan. Its founder came from the Industrial Technology Research Institute. From 1987 to 1988 J.J Pan and Partners designed and constructed a fabrication plant known as IC Wafer Fab I Plant. This facility would produce 6 inch wafers. It was designed and constructed in 14 months. Later in 1989 to 1992, J.J Pan and Partners built a second fab for Winbond called IC Wafer Fab II Plant. In 1992 Winbond joined the Precision RISC Organization and licensed HP's PA-RISC architecture to design and manufacture chips for X ter ...
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Taichung
Taichung (, Wade–Giles: '), officially Taichung City, is a special municipality (Taiwan), special municipality in central Taiwan. Taichung is Taiwan's second-largest city, with more than 2.85 million residents, making it the largest city in Central Taiwan. It serves as the core of the Taichung–Changhua metropolitan area, Taiwan's second-largest metropolitan area. Located in the Taichung Basin, the city was initially developed from several scattered hamlets helmed by the Taiwanese indigenous peoples. It was constructed to be the new capital of Taiwan Province and renamed "Taiwanfu (other), Taiwan-fu" in the late Taiwan under Qing rule, Qing dynastic era between 1887 and 1894. During the Taiwan under Japanese rule, Japanese era from 1895, the urban planning of present-day Taichung was performed and developed by the Japanese. The urban area of Taichung was organized as a Provincial city (Taiwan), provincial city from the start of ROC rule in 1945 until 25 December 2010, ...
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Semiconductor Fabrication Plant
In the microelectronics industry, a semiconductor fabrication plant, also called a ''fab'' or a ''foundry'', is a factory where integrated circuits (ICs) are manufactured. The ''cleanroom'' is where all fabrication takes place and contains the machinery for integrated circuit production such as steppers and/or scanners for photolithography, etching, cleaning, and doping. All these devices are extremely precise and thus extremely expensive. Prices for pieces of equipment for the processing of 300 mm wafers range to upwards of $4,000,000 each with a few pieces of equipment reaching as high as $340,000,000 (e.g. EUV scanners). A typical fab will have several hundred equipment items. Semiconductor fabrication requires many expensive devices. Estimates put the cost of building a new fab at over one billion U.S. dollars with values as high as $3–4 billion not being uncommon. For example, TSMC invested $9.3 billion in its ''Fab15'' in Taiwan. The same company estimations ...
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DDR2 SDRAM
Double Data Rate 2 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DDR2 SDRAM) is a double data rate (DDR) synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) interface. It is a JEDEC standard (JESD79-2); first published in September 2003. DDR2 succeeded the original DDR SDRAM specification, and was itself succeeded by DDR3 SDRAM in 2007. DDR2 DIMMs are neither forward compatible with DDR3 nor backward compatible with DDR. In addition to double pumping the data bus as in DDR SDRAM (transferring data on the rising and falling edges of the bus clock signal), DDR2 allows higher bus speed and requires lower power by running the internal clock at half the speed of the data bus. The two factors combine to produce a total of four data transfers per internal clock cycle. Since the DDR2 internal clock runs at half the DDR external clock rate, DDR2 memory operating at the same external data bus clock rate as DDR results in DDR2 being able to provide the same bandwidth but with better la ...
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Nuvoton
Nuvoton Technology Corporation () is a Taiwanese semiconductor company established in 2008. It originated as a wholly owned subsidiary of Winbond Electronics Corp. before becoming an independent entity. It became a public company in September 2010 on the Taiwan Stock Exchange (TWSE). Overview Nuvoton develops and manufactures various semiconductor products, including microcontroller application integrated circuits (ICs) for audio, cloud and computing. Nuvoton also provides foundry services. The company's consumer electronics ICs focus on microcontroller ICs and voice and speech ICs. Nuvoton designs and manufactures key chips for PC motherboards, laptops, and servers, offering super I/O components, clock generators, hardware monitoring, power management ICs. Notebook keyboard controllers, embedded controllers for mobile platforms and TPM security chips. Nuvoton operates a six-inch wafer fab, providing foundry services for its own branded IC products and for manufacturing ...
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Infineon Technologies
Infineon Semiconductor solutions is the largest microcontroller manufacturer in the world, as well as Germany's largest semiconductor manufacturer. It is also the leading automotive semiconductor manufacturer globally. Infineon had roughly 58,000 employees in 2024 and is one of the ten largest semiconductor manufacturers worldwide. The company was spun-off from Siemens AG in 1999. In 2024 the company achieved sales of approximately €15 billion. Markets Infineon markets semiconductors and systems for automotive, industrial, and multimarket sectors, as well as chip card and security products. Infineon has subsidiaries in the US in Milpitas, California and in the Asia-Pacific region, in Singapore, and Tokyo. Infineon has a number of facilities in Europe, one in Dresden, Germany. Infineon's high power segment is in Warstein, Germany; Villach, Graz and Linz in Austria; Cegléd in Hungary; and Italy. It also operates R&D centers in France, Singapore, Romania, Taiwan, U ...
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1999 Jiji Earthquake
The Chi-Chi earthquake (later also known as the Jiji earthquake, 921 Earthquake, or the great earthquake of September 21), was a 7.3 Richter magnitude scale, ML or 7.7 Moment magnitude scale, Mw earthquake which occurred in Jiji, Nantou, Jiji (Chi-Chi), Nantou County, Taiwan on 21 September 1999 at 01:47:12 Time in Taiwan, local time. 2,415 people were killed, 11,305 injured, and billion worth of damage was done. It is the second-deadliest earthquake in Taiwan's recorded history, after the 1935 Shinchiku-Taichū earthquake. Rescue groups from around the world joined local relief workers and the Republic of China Armed Forces, Taiwanese military in digging out survivors, clearing rubble, restoring essential services and distributing food and other aid to the more than 100,000 people made homeless by the quake. The disaster, dubbed the "Quake of the Century" by the local media, had a profound effect on the economy of the island and the consciousness of the people, and di ...
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San Jose, California
San Jose, officially the City of San José ( ; ), is a cultural, commercial, and political center within Silicon Valley and the San Francisco Bay Area. With a city population of 997,368 and a metropolitan area population of 1.95 million, it is the most populous city in both the Bay Area and Northern California and the List of United States cities by population, 12th-most populous in the United States. Located in the center of the Santa Clara Valley on the southern shore of San Francisco Bay, San Jose covers an area of and is the county seat, seat of Santa Clara County, California, Santa Clara County. Before the Spanish colonization of the Americas, arrival of the Spanish, the area around San Jose was long inhabited by the Tamyen people, Tamien nation of the Ohlone people San Jose was founded on November 29, 1777, as the ''Pueblo de San José de Our Lady of Guadalupe, Guadalupe'', the first city founded in the Californias. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 after the Mexican Wa ...
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Symphony Laboratories
Winbond Electronics Corporation () is a Taiwan-based corporation founded in 1987. It produces semiconductors and several types of integrated circuits (ICs) including dynamic random-access memory, static random-access memory, serial flash, microcontrollers, and Super I/O chips. Winbond is the largest brand-name IC supplier in Taiwan and one of the biggest suppliers of semiconductors worldwide. History Winbond was established in 1987 in Hsinchu Science Park in Taiwan. Its founder came from the Industrial Technology Research Institute. From 1987 to 1988 J.J Pan and Partners designed and constructed a fabrication plant known as IC Wafer Fab I Plant. This facility would produce 6 inch wafers. It was designed and constructed in 14 months. Later in 1989 to 1992, J.J Pan and Partners built a second fab for Winbond called IC Wafer Fab II Plant. In 1992 Winbond joined the Precision RISC Organization and licensed HP's PA-RISC architecture to design and manufacture chips for X ter ...
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X Terminal
X, or x, is the twenty-fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''ex'' (pronounced ), plural ''exes''."X", ''Oxford English Dictionary'', 2nd edition (1989); ''Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged'' (1993); "ex", ''op. cit''. History The letter , representing , was inherited from the Etruscan alphabet. It perhaps originated in the of the Euboean alphabet or another Western Greek alphabet, which also represented . Its relationship with the of the Eastern Greek alphabets, which represented , is uncertain. The pronunciation of in the Romance languages underwent sound changes, with various outcomes: * French: (e.g. ''laisser'' from ''laxare'') * Italian: (e.g. ''asse'' from ''axem'') and, in some cases, (e.g. ''lasciare'' from ''laxare'') * Portuguese: (e.g. ''eixo'' from ''axem'') ...
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PA-RISC
Precision Architecture reduced instruction set computer, RISC (PA-RISC) or Hewlett Packard Precision Architecture (HP/PA or simply HPPA), is a computer, general purpose computer instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Hewlett-Packard from the 1980s until the 2000s. The architecture was introduced on 26 February 1986, when the HP 3000, HP 3000 Series 930 and HP 9000, HP 9000 Model 840 computers were launched featuring the first implementation, the TS1. HP stopped selling PA-RISC-based HP 9000 systems at the end of 2008 but supported servers running PA-RISC chips until 2013. PA-RISC was succeeded by the Itanium (originally IA-64) ISA, jointly developed by HP and Intel. History In the late 1980s, HP was building four series of computers, all based on Complex instruction set computer, CISC CPUs. One line was the IBM PC compatible Intel i286-based Vectra Series, started in 1986. All others were non-Intel systems. One of them was the HP Series 300 of Motorola 68000-based wor ...
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HP Inc
HP Inc. is an American Multinational corporation, multinational information technology, information technology company with its headquarters in Palo Alto, California, that develops personal computers (PCs), printer (computing), printers and related supplies, as well as 3D printing services. It is the Market share of personal computer vendors, world's second-largest personal computer vendor by unit sales after Lenovo and ahead of Dell as of 2024. HP Inc. was founded in 2015 as a corporate spin-off, spin-off of the original Hewlett-Packard Company after the company's enterprise product and business services divisions were split into a new publicly traded company, Hewlett Packard Enterprise. HP Inc. retained the personal computer and printer services divisions from its predecessor, serving as the legal successor of the original company that was originally founded in 1939. HP is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the S&P 500 Index. In the 2023 Fortune 500 ...
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Reduced Instruction Set Computer
In electronics and computer science, a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) is a computer architecture designed to simplify the individual instructions given to the computer to accomplish tasks. Compared to the instructions given to a complex instruction set computer (CISC), a RISC computer might require more instructions (more code) in order to accomplish a task because the individual instructions perform simpler operations. The goal is to offset the need to process more instructions by increasing the speed of each instruction, in particular by implementing an instruction pipeline, which may be simpler to achieve given simpler instructions. The key operational concept of the RISC computer is that each instruction performs only one function (e.g. copy a value from memory to a register). The RISC computer usually has many (16 or 32) high-speed, general-purpose registers with a load–store architecture in which the code for the register-register instructions (for performin ...
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