|
Supplex Libellus Valachorum
''Supplex Libellus Valachorum Transsilvaniae'' (Latin for ''Petition of the Romanians of Transylvania'') is the name of two petitions sent by the leaders of the ethnic Romanians of Transylvania to the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II, demanding equal political rights with the other ethnicities of Transylvania and a share of the Transylvanian Diet proportional to their population. The first Supplex was sent in March 1791 by Ignațiu Darabant, the Greek Catholic bishop of Oradea, to the State Council of Vienna. The second Supplex, a largely expanded and argumented version of the first, was brought before the Imperial Court of Vienna on March 30, 1792, by Ioan Bob, Greek Catholic bishop of Blaj, and by Gherasim Adamovici, Orthodox bishop of Transylvania. The demands in the petition, according to the researches of David Prodan, were largely based on the ''Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen'' of Revolutionary France, and it also included an essay reviewing histo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supplex Libellus Valachorum Transsilvaniae
''Supplex Libellus Valachorum Transsilvaniae'' (Latin for ''Petition of the Romanians of Transylvania'') is the name of two petitions sent by the leaders of the Romanians, ethnic Romanians of Transylvania to the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor, Leopold II, demanding equal political rights with the other ethnicities of Transylvania and a share of the Transylvanian Diet proportional to their population. The first Supplex was sent in March 1791 by Ignațiu Darabant, the Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic, Greek Catholic Greek Catholic Diocese of Oradea Mare, bishop of Oradea, to the State Council of Vienna. The second Supplex, a largely expanded and argumented version of the first, was brought before the Imperial Court of Vienna on March 30, 1792, by Ioan Bob, Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic, Greek Catholic bishop of Blaj, and by Gherasim Adamovici, Romanian Orthodox Church, Orthodox bishop of Transylvania. The demands in the petition, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Declaration Of The Rights Of Man And Of The Citizen
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (), set by France's National Constituent Assembly in 1789, is a human and civil rights document from the French Revolution; the French title can be translated in the modern era as "Declaration of Human and Civic Rights". Inspired by Enlightenment philosophers, the declaration was a core statement of the values of the French Revolution and had a significant impact on the development of popular conceptions of individual liberty and democracy in Europe and worldwide places. The declaration was initially drafted by Marquis de Lafayette with assistance from Thomas Jefferson, but the majority of the final draft came from Abbé Sieyès. Influenced by the doctrine of natural right, human rights are held to be universal: valid at all times and in every place. It became the basis for a nation of free individuals protected equally by the law. It is included at the beginning of the constitutions of both the French Fourth Rep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutions Of 1848 In The Habsburg Areas
The revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire took place from March 1848 to November 1849. Much of the revolutionary activity had a nationalist character: the Austrian Empire, ruled from Vienna, included ethnic Germans, Hungarians, Poles, Bohemians (Czechs), Ruthenians (Ukrainians), Slovenes, Slovaks, Romanians, Croats, Italians, and Serbs; all of whom attempted in the course of the revolution to either achieve autonomy, independence, or even hegemony over other nationalities. The nationalist picture was further complicated by the simultaneous events in the German states, which moved toward greater German national unity. Besides these nationalists, liberal and socialist currents resisted the Empire's longstanding conservatism. Background The events of 1848 were the product of mounting social and political tensions after the Congress of Vienna of 1815. During the "pre-March" period, the already conservative Austrian Empire moved further away from ideas of the Age of Enlight ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transylvanian Memorandum
The ''Transylvanian Memorandum'' () was a petition sent in 1892 by the leaders of the Romanians of Transylvania to the Austro-Hungarian Emperor-King Franz Joseph, asking for equal ethnic rights with the Hungarians, and demanding an end to persecutions and Magyarization attempts. Status After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (''Ausgleich''), Transylvania again became the integral part of Hungary. Initially Romanians (through their representatives, the Romanian National Party) took part in the political life, however, since 1869 after several disagreements they chose to enter into political passivity. They had several complaints; i.e. Romanians formed the majority of Transylvania's population, but they were underrepresented in the Hungarian Parliament due to electoral abuses and the higher property qualification required by the electoral laws, they were subjected to Magyarization and they resented that Transylvania had lost its autonomy, without consulting the Transylvanian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ioan Para
Ioan is a variation on the name John found in Aromanian, Romanian, Bulgarian, Russian, Welsh (), and Sardinian. It is usually masculine. The female equivalent in Romanian and Bulgarian is Ioana. In Russia, the name Ioann is usually reserved for the clergy (when a person called Ivan becomes a priest or a monk, he becomes known as Ioann). People with the name Aromanian * Ioan Nicolidi of Pindus, physician and noble Romanian * Ioan-Aurel Pop, historian * Ioan Alexandru, poet * Ioan Andone, footballer and coach * Ioan Apostol, luger * Ioan Baba, poet * Ioan A. Bassarabescu, writer and politician * Ioan Teodor Callimachi, Prince of Moldavia * Ioan Cantacuzino, microbiologist * Ioan Gheorghe Caragea, Prince of Wallachia * Ioan Carlaonț, World War II general * Ioan Mihai Cochinescu, novelist * Ioan Condruc, footballer * Ioan P. Culianu, historian and philosopher * Ioan Dumitrache, World War II general * Ioan Fiscuteanu, actor * Ioan Florariu, rower * Ioan Flueraș ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ion Budai-Deleanu
Ion Budai-Deleanu (January 6, 1760 – August 24, 1820) was a Romanian scholar, philologist, historian, poet, and a representative of the Transylvanian School. He was a member of the Order of the Golden and Rosy Cross, attending the society's meetings in Vienna. Biography He was born in Csigmó (today Cigmău), a village in the town of Algyógy (today Geoagiu, Hunedoara County), located in the western part of Transylvania. Budai-Deleanu studied at Blaj gymnasium between 1772 and 1777, having Samuil Micu-Klein as a professor among others, and then at the College of Saint Barbara in Vienna between 1777 and 1779. He completed his studies with a doctorate at the University of Erlau in 1783. He settled in Lemberg (now Lviv in Ukraine) in 1797 as a royal counsellor. His main works are the first draft of Supplex Libellus Valachorum and an epic poem, entitled '' Țiganiada'' ("Gypsy Epic"), about a band of gypsies that fought alongside the army of Vlad the Impaler, the medieval rul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iosif Meheși
Iosif is the Romanian variant of the biblical name Joseph and may refer to: People *Iosif Amusin, Soviet historian *Iosif Anisim, Romanian sprint canoer * Iosif Ardeleanu, Romanian communist activist and bureaucrat * Iosif Blaga, Romanian literary theorist and politician * Iosif Bobulescu, Romanian bishop * Iosif Capotă, Romanian anti-communist resistance fighter *Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili, aka Joseph Stalin * Iosif Iacobici, Romanian general *Iosif Iser, Romanian painter and graphic artist * Iosif Mendelssohn, Romanian chess master * Iosif Pogrebyssky, Ukrainian chess master *Iosif Rotariu, Romanian footballer *Iosif Shklovsky, Soviet astronomer and astrophysicist *Iosif Vitebskiy, Soviet Ukrainian Olympic medalist and world champion fencer and fencing coach *Iosif Vigu, Romanian footballer and manager *Iosif Vulcan, Austro-Hungarian Romanian magazine editor and cultural figure *Dan Iosif, Romanian politician *Ștefan Octavian Iosif Ștefan Octavian Iosif (; 11 Octobe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ioan Piuariu-Molnar
Ioan is a variation on the name John found in Aromanian, Romanian, Bulgarian, Russian, Welsh (), and Sardinian. It is usually masculine. The female equivalent in Romanian and Bulgarian is Ioana. In Russia, the name Ioann is usually reserved for the clergy (when a person called Ivan becomes a priest or a monk, he becomes known as Ioann). People with the name Aromanian * Ioan Nicolidi of Pindus, physician and noble Romanian * Ioan-Aurel Pop, historian * Ioan Alexandru, poet * Ioan Andone, footballer and coach * Ioan Apostol, luger * Ioan Baba, poet * Ioan A. Bassarabescu, writer and politician * Ioan Teodor Callimachi, Prince of Moldavia * Ioan Cantacuzino, microbiologist * Ioan Gheorghe Caragea, Prince of Wallachia * Ioan Carlaonț, World War II general * Ioan Mihai Cochinescu, novelist * Ioan Condruc, footballer * Ioan P. Culianu, historian and philosopher * Ioan Dumitrache, World War II general * Ioan Fiscuteanu, actor * Ioan Florariu, rower * Ioan Flueraș ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gheorghe Șincai
Gheorghe Șincai (; – November 2, 1816) was a Romanian historian, philologist, translator, poet, and representative of the Enlightenment-influenced Transylvanian School. As the director of Greek Catholic education in Transylvania he brought a fundamental contribution to the process of promoting culture in rural environments. He revised before publishing Samuil Micu's first grammar of the Romanian language: '' Elementa linguae daco-romanae sive valachicae'' (''The elements of the Daco-Roman or Vlach/Wallachian language'') (Vienna, 1780), in which they demonstrated the Latin origins of the Romanian language. Biography He was born in Mezősámsond (now Șincai, Mureș County), though some sources put his birthplace at the nearby Râciu de Câmpie village. He studied at Târgu-Mureș, Cluj, Bistrița, Blaj, Vienna, and Rome (in the last two cities together with Samuil Micu, nephew of Bishop Inocențiu Micu-Klein). He turned out to be a polyglot, thoroughly mas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petru Maior
Petru Maior (; 1756 in Marosvásárhely ''(now Târgu Mureș, Romania)'' – 14 February 1821 in Buda) was a Romanian writer who is considered one of the most influential personalities of the Age of Enlightenment in Transylvania (the Transylvanian School). Maior was a member of the Greek-Catholic clergy, a historian, philosopher, and linguist. Biography His family originated from Diciosânmartin. His father, George Maior, was a protopop in Marosvásárhely, and then in Căpușul de Câmpie. He studied at Seminary of Blaj and became a monk taking the name Paul at 14 years. Along with Samuil Micu-Klein and Ioachim Pop he received a scholarship at Pontificio Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide where he studied philosophy and theology for five years, between 1774 and 1779. He completed his education in Vienna, learning about the canon law of the Catholic Church. Petru Maior took a stand and responded, in 1812, by writing the ''Istoria pentru începutul românilor în Dachia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samuil Micu
Samuil Micu-Klein (September 1745 – 13 May 1806) was a Romanian Greek-Catholic theologian, historian, philologist and philosopher, a member of the Enlightenment-era movement of Transylvanian School (Şcoala Ardeleană). He is the author of Elementa linguae daco-romanae sive valachicae, a book which is the reference point for the start of Modern Romanian language period. Biography Born as ''Maniu Micu'' in the Transylvanian village of Sadu, in the Principality of Transylvania (now in Sibiu County, Romania), he was the son of a Greek-Catholic protopope and the nephew of bishop Inocenţiu Micu-Klein. He began to study at the Seminary of Blaj and he joined the Order of Saint Basil in 1762, taking the religious name Samoil. Micu received a scholarship in 1762 and began studying at the Catholic Pázmáneum University of Vienna. There is little known about his life in Vienna, but it is known he was attracted to science, studying experimental physics, mechanics and math ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gesta Hungarorum
''Gesta Hungarorum'', or ''The Deeds of the Hungarians'', is the earliest book about Kingdom of Hungary, Hungarian history which has survived for posterity. Its genre is not chronicle, but ''gesta'', meaning "deeds" or "acts", which is a medieval entertaining literature. It was written in Latin by an unidentified author who has traditionally been called Anonymus (notary of Béla III), Anonymus in scholarly works. According to most historians, the work was completed between around 1200 and 1230. The ''Gesta'' exists in a sole manuscript from the second part of the 13th century, which was for centuries held in Vienna. It is part of the collection of National Széchényi Library, Széchényi National Library in Budapest. The principal subject of the ''Gesta'' is the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries, and it writes of the Hungarian prehistory, origin of the Hungarians, identifying the Hungarians' ancestors with the ancient Scythia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
