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Stuttering Therapy
Stuttering therapy is any of the various treatment methods that attempt to either reduce stuttering to some degree in an individual or cope with negative impacts of living with a stutter or social stigma.Stuttering National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (2002–05). Retrieved on 2008-08-25. Stuttering can be seen as a challenge to treat because there is a lack of consensus about therapy, and there is no cure for stuttering. Before beginning therapy treatment, an assessment is needed, as diagnosing stuttering requires the a speech professional. In the USA, this is a speech–language pathologist (SLP). Some of the available treatments focus on repetitive practicing of strategies to suppress or hide stuttering through speed reduction, breathing regulation, and mouth motor contact. Alte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stuttering
Stuttering, also known as stammering, is a speech disorder characterized externally by involuntary repetitions and prolongations of sounds, syllables, words, or phrases as well as involuntary silent pauses called blocks in which the person who stutters is unable to produce sounds. Almost 80 million people worldwide stutter, about 1% of the world's population, with a prevalence among males at least twice that of females. Persistent stuttering into adulthood often leads to outcomes detrimental to overall mental health, such as social isolation and suicidal thoughts. Stuttering is not connected to the physical ability to produce phonemes (i.e. it is unrelated to the structure or function of the vocal cords). It is also unconnected to the structuring of thoughts into coherent sentences inside sufferers' brains, meaning that people with a stutter know precisely what they are trying to say (in contrast with alternative disorders like aphasia). Stuttering is purely a neurological disc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internalization (psychology)
In psychology, introjection (also known as identification or internalization) is the unconscious adoption of the thoughts or personality traits of others. It occurs as a normal part of development, such as a child taking on parental values and attitudes. It can also be a defense mechanism in situations that arouse anxiety. It has been associated with both normal and pathological development. Theory Introjection is a concept rooted in the psychoanalytic theories of unconscious motivations. Unconscious motivation refers to processes in the mind which occur automatically and bypass conscious examination and considerations. Introjection is the learning process or in some cases a defense mechanism where a person unconsciously absorbs experiences and makes them part of their psyche. In learning In psychoanalysis, introjection () refers to an unconscious process wherein one takes components of another person's identity, such as feelings, experiences and cognitive functionin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Monster Study
The Monster Study was a non-consensual experiment performed on 22 orphan children in Davenport, Iowa in 1939 about stuttering. It was conducted by Wendell Johnson through the University of Iowa with the physical experiment being performed by his graduate student Mary Tudor. The study was never published, and as a result was relatively unknown until a 2001 ''San Jose Mercury News'' article conducted by an investigative reporter, Jim Dyer. He revealed the details and followed up with the former test subjects who were still living – none of whom were told it was an experiment. A lawsuit took place and the seven test subjects from the "negative-reinforcement" group were awarded $925,000 by the State of Iowa for lifelong psychological and emotional scars. The nickname "Monster Study" was coined in the 1940s and 1950s by those associated with the Stuttering Research Program at University of Iowa. Some assume it was due to Johnson's peers being horrified that he would experiment on orph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pharmacology
Pharmacology is the science of drugs and medications, including a substance's origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutic use, and toxicology. More specifically, it is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function. If substances have medicinal properties, they are considered pharmaceuticals. The field encompasses drug composition and properties, functions, sources, synthesis and drug design, molecular and cellular mechanisms, organ/systems mechanisms, signal transduction/cellular communication, molecular diagnostics, interactions, chemical biology, therapy, and medical applications and antipathogenic capabilities. The two main areas of pharmacology are pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Pharmacodynamics studies the effects of a drug on biological systems, and pharmacokinetics studies the effects of biological systems on a drug. In broad terms, pharmacod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Palin Centre For Stammering Children
The Michael Palin Centre for Stammering is a specialist centre for speech and language therapy for stammering in London, England. It officially opened in 1993 as a joint initiative between the charity Association for Research into Stammering in Childhood (now Action for Stammering Children) and the Camden & Islington Community Health Services NHS Trust. It is now run by the Whittington Health NHS Trust with support from Action for Stammering Children and the Stuttering Foundation of America. It is located in Pine Street, central London. The actor Michael Palin, whose father stammered, agreed for the centre to be named after him following his role in the film ''A Fish Called Wanda'', in which he portrayed Ken, a character who stammered. Palin's continued support and involvement has helped create a high profile for the centre. Children, young people and adults who stammer, both from across the UK and from overseas, are seen by the specialist speech therapists at the centre, either ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cognitive Distortion
A cognitive distortion is a thought that causes a person to perceive reality inaccurately due to being exaggerated or irrational. Cognitive distortions are involved in the onset or perpetuation of psychopathological states, such as depression and anxiety. According to Aaron Beck's cognitive model, a negative outlook on reality, sometimes called ''negative schemas'' (or ''schemata''), is a factor in symptoms of emotional dysfunction and poorer subjective well-being. Specifically, negative thinking patterns reinforce negative emotions and thoughts. During difficult circumstances, these distorted thoughts can contribute to an overall negative outlook on the world and a depressive or anxious mental state. According to hopelessness theory and Beck's theory, the meaning or interpretation that people give to their experience importantly influences whether they will become depressed and whether they will experience severe, repeated, or long-duration episodes of depression. Challeng ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2019 New Year Honours
The 2019 New Year Honours are appointments by some of the 16 Commonwealth realms to various orders and honours to recognise and reward good works by citizens of those countries. The New Year Honours are awarded as part of the New Year celebrations at the start of January and were officially announced in '' The London Gazette'' at 22:30 on 28 December 2018. Australia, an independent Realm, has a separate honours system and its first honours of the year, the 2019 Australia Day Honours, coincide with Australia Day on 26 January. The recipients of honours are displayed as they were styled before their new honour and arranged by the country whose ministers advised The Queen on the appointments, then by the honour and by the honour's grade (''e.g.'' Knight/Dame Grand Cross, Knight/Dame Commander ''etc.''), and then by divisions (''i.e.'' Civil, Diplomatic, and Military), as appropriate. United Kingdom Below are the individuals appointed by Elizabeth II in her right as Queen of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Empire Medal
The British Empire Medal (BEM; formerly British Empire Medal for Meritorious Service) is a British and Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth award for meritorious civil or military service worthy of recognition by the Monarchy of the United Kingdom, Crown. The current honour was created in 1922 to replace the original medal, which had been established in 1917 as part of the Order of the British Empire. Award The British Empire Medal is granted by the monarch of the United Kingdom in recognition of meritorious civil or military service. Recipients are entitled to use the post-nominal letters "BEM" with special privileges to use St Paul's Cathedral for funerals, baptisms and weddings. BEM holders can also apply for a family crest designed by the Monarch’s artist. Since December 1918, the honour has been divided into civil and military divisions in a similar way to the Order of the British Empire itself. While recipients are not members of the Order, the medal is affiliated to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gareth Gates
Gareth Paul Gates (born 12 July 1984) is an English singer-songwriter and actor. He was the runner-up in the first series of the ITV talent show ''Pop Idol'' in 2002. As of 2008, Gates had sold over 3.5 million records in the UK. He is also known for having a stutter, and has talked about his speech impediment publicly. In 2009, Gates moved into musical theatre, playing the title role in the West End production of ''Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat'' at the Adelphi Theatre. From 2009 to 2011, Gates completed an 18-month stint as Marius in ''Les Misérables'', initially in the touring production, and then in the West End production of the show. He also took the roles of Eddie in the musical '' Loserville'', Warner in '' Legally Blonde'' in 2012 and Dean in ''Boogie Nights the Musical in Concert'' in 2013. He was part of the pop group 5th Story, set up for ''The Big Reunion''. Early life Gates was born in West Bowling, Bradford, to Paul Gates and Wendy Gate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world. The department is the world's largest broadcast news organisation and generates about 120 hours of radio and television output each day, as well as online news coverage. The service has over 5,500 journalists working across its output including in 50 foreign news bureaus where more than 250 foreign correspondents are stationed. Deborah Turness has been the CEO of news and current affairs since September 2022. In 2019, it was reported in an Ofcom report that the BBC spent £136m on news during the period April 2018 to March 2019. BBC News' domestic, global and online news divisions are housed within the largest live newsroom in Europe, in Broadcasting House in central London. Parliamentary coverage is produced and broadcast from studios in London. Through BBC English Regions, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kelly Brown
Kelly Brown (born 8 June 1982) is a Scottish rugby union coach and former player. He won 64 caps for the Scotland national team, and played club rugby for Glasgow Warriors, Border Reivers and Saracens as a flanker. He retired from playing in 2017 to become a coach with Saracens' academy. Brown moved to an Assistant Coach position at Glasgow Warriors in 2020 before returning to Saracens in 2021. Early life Brown was born on 8 June 1982 in Edinburgh, and grew up in Melrose in the Scottish Borders, attending Earlston High School . Club career Brown played professionally for Border Reivers until the end of the 2006–07 season, when the club was disbanded. After that he played for the Glasgow Warriors. On 19 January 2010, it was confirmed that Brown had signed a deal with Rugby Premiership club Saracens. He started as Saracens won their first Premiership title in 2011. He retired in 2017. International career Brown made his debut for the Scottish national side on 5 June 200 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holland
Holland is a geographical regionG. Geerts & H. Heestermans, 1981, ''Groot Woordenboek der Nederlandse Taal. Deel I'', Van Dale Lexicografie, Utrecht, p 1105 and former provinces of the Netherlands, province on the western coast of the Netherlands. From the 10th to the 16th century, Holland proper was a unified political region within the Holy Roman Empire as a county ruled by the counts of Holland. By the 17th century, the province of Holland had risen to become a maritime and economic power, dominating the other provinces of the newly independent Dutch Republic. The area of the former County of Holland roughly coincides with the two current Provinces of the Netherlands, Dutch provinces of North Holland and South Holland into which it was divided, and which together include the Netherlands' three largest cities: the Capital of the Netherlands, capital city (Amsterdam), the home of Port of Rotterdam, Europe's largest port (Rotterdam), and the seat of government (The Hague). Hollan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
