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Street Network
A street network is a system of interconnecting lines and points (called ''edges'' and ''nodes'' in network science) that represent a system of streets or roads for a given area. A street network provides the foundation for network analysis; for example, finding the best route or creating service areas.Wade, T. and Sommer, S. eds. A to Z GIS' They greatly affect in-town movement and traffic. Street networks can become very complex in cities. Street networks are very often localized, because there is little non-highway transportation from town to town. The U.S. Highway System is like a street network, but it is national, and consists of highways instead of streets and roads. See also * Braess's paradox * Transport network * Highway dimension * International E-road network * Inca road system * Traffic analysis ** Traffic flow ** Permeability * Grid plan * List of cities that are inaccessible by road References {{Authority control Network Network, networking and networked ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Network Science
Network science is an academic field which studies complex networks such as telecommunication networks, computer networks, biological networks, Cognitive network, cognitive and semantic networks, and social networks, considering distinct elements or actors represented by ''nodes'' (or ''vertices'') and the connections between the elements or actors as ''links'' (or ''edges''). The field draws on theories and methods including graph theory from mathematics, statistical mechanics from physics, data mining and information visualization from computer science, inferential statistics, inferential modeling from statistics, and social structure from sociology. The United States National Research Council defines network science as "the study of network representations of physical, biological, and social phenomena leading to predictive models of these phenomena." Background and history The study of networks has emerged in diverse disciplines as a means of analyzing complex relational ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Highway Dimension
The highway dimension is a graph parameter modelling transportation networks, such as road networks or public transportation networks. It was first formally defined by Abraham et al. based on the observation by Bast et al. that any road network has a sparse set of "transit nodes", such that driving from a point A to a sufficiently far away point B along the shortest route will always pass through one of these transit nodes. It has also been proposed that the highway dimension captures the properties of public transportation networks well, given that longer routes using busses, trains, or airplanes will typically be serviced by larger transit hubs (stations and airports). This relates to the spoke–hub distribution paradigm in transport topology optimization. Definitions Several definitions of the highway dimension exist, although the one based on approximate shortest paths given below is the most general one. Each definition of the highway dimension uses a hitting set of a cer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Streets
Streets is the plural of street, a type of road. Streets or The Streets may also refer to: Music * Streets (band), a rock band fronted by Kansas vocalist Steve Walsh * ''Streets'' (punk album), a 1977 compilation album of various early UK punk bands * '' Streets...'', a 1975 album by Ralph McTell * '' Streets: A Rock Opera'', a 1991 album by Savatage * "Streets" (Doja Cat song), from the album ''Hot Pink'' (2019) * "Streets", a song by Avenged Sevenfold from the album '' Sounding the Seventh Trumpet'' (2001) * The Streets The Streets is an English musical project led by vocalist and multi-instrumentalist Mike Skinner (musician), Mike Skinner. The project was founded in the early 90s, while Skinner was still a teenager; however, no music would formally eventuat ..., alias of Mike Skinner, a British rapper * "The Streets" (song) by WC featuring Snoop Dogg and Nate Dogg, from the album ''Ghetto Heisman'' (2002) Other uses * ''Streets'' (film), a 1990 American horror film * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Cities That Are Inaccessible By Road
This is a list of notable mainland settlements that are inaccessible from the outside by automotive roads (roads built to carry civilian passenger motor vehicles). These settlements may have internal roads or paths but they lack roads connecting them to other places. Many road-inaccessible settlements are on islands or are very remote from other settlements. Asia * Andryushkino, Russia * Anadyr, Russia * Batagay, Russia * Batagay-Alyta, Russia * Belaya Gora, Russia * Chersky, Russia * Chokurdakh, Russia * Egvekinot, Russia * Khonuu, Russia * Kyusyur, Russia * Nikolayevsk-on-Amur, Russia * Norilsk, Russia * Olenyok, Russia * Olyokminsk, Russia * Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia * Saskylakh, Russia * Tiksi, Russia * Zhigansk, Russia * Zyryanka, Russia Europe * Cinque Terre, Italy * Civita di Bagnoregio, Italy * Chamois, Italy * Finse, Norway * Inverie, Scotland * Scoraig and Carnach, Scotland (linked only to each other) * Vorkuta, Russia North America * Arvi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grid Plan
In urban planning, the grid plan, grid street plan, or gridiron plan is a type of city plan in which streets run at right angles to each other, forming a grid. Two inherent characteristics of the grid plan, frequent intersections and orthogonal geometry, facilitate movement. The geometry helps with orientation and wayfinding and its frequent intersections with the choice and directness of route to desired destinations. In ancient Rome, the grid plan method of land measurement was called centuriation. The grid plan dates from antiquity and originated in multiple cultures; some of the earliest planned cities were built using grid plans in the Indian subcontinent. History Ancient grid plans By 2600 BC, Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, major cities of the Indus Valley civilization, were built with blocks divided by a grid of straight streets, running north–south and east–west. Each block was subdivided by small lanes. The cities and monasteries of Sirkap, Taxila and Thimi (in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Permeability (spatial And Transport Planning)
In urban design, permeability and connectivity are terms that describe the extent to which urban forms permit (or restrict) movement of people or vehicles in different directions. The terms are often used interchangeably, although differentiated definitions also exist. Permeability is generally considered a positive attribute of an urban design, as it permits ease of movement and avoids severing neighbourhoods. Urban forms which lack permeability, e.g. those severed by arterial roads, or with many long culs-de-sac, are considered to discourage movement on foot and encourage longer journeys by car. There is some empirical research evidence to support this view. Permeability is a central principle of New Urbanism, which favours urban designs based upon the ‘traditional’ (particularly in a North American context) street grid. New Urbanist thinking has also influenced Government policy in the United Kingdom, where the ''Department for Transport Guidance Manual for Streets'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Traffic Flow
In transportation engineering, traffic flow is the study of interactions between travellers (including pedestrians, cyclists, drivers, and their vehicles) and infrastructure (including highways, signage, and traffic control devices), with the aim of understanding and developing an optimal transport network with efficient movement of traffic and minimal traffic congestion problems. The foundation for modern traffic flow analysis dates back to the 1920s with Frank Knight's analysis of traffic equilibrium, further developed by John Glen Wardrop, Wardrop in 1952. Despite advances in computing, a universally satisfactory theory applicable to real-world conditions remains elusive. Current models blend empirical and theoretical techniques to forecast traffic and identify congestion areas, considering variables like vehicle use and land changes. Traffic flow is influenced by the Complex system, complex interactions of vehicles, displaying behaviors such as cluster formation and shock wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inca Road System
The Inca road system (also spelled Inka road system and known as ''Qhapaq Ñan''Qhapaq=rich, powerful, opulent, wealthy, privileged; ñan=road, way, path, route. Source "Diccionario quechua - español - quechua" Gobierno Regional Cusco - Cusco – Second edition, 2005 meaning "royal road" in QuechuaMartínez Martínez, Guadalupe (2010). Qhapaq Ñan: el camino inca y las transformaciones territoriales en los Andes Peruanos - Arqueología y Sociedad, Nº 21, 2010 – www.revistasinvestigacion.unmsm.edu.pe/index.php/Arqueo/article/download/12277/10985) was the most extensive and advanced transportation system in pre-Columbian South America. It was about long. The construction of the roads required a large expenditure of time and effort. The network was composed of formalKrzanowski Andrzej. Observaciones acerca de la construcción y el trazado de algunos tramos del camino inca en los Andes peruanos - Kraków, Poland - http://www.farkha.nazwa.pl/contributions/pcnwa/cnwa/CNWA2.4.pdf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International E-road Network
The international E-road network is a numbering system for roads in Europe developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). The network is numbered from E1 up and its roads cross national borders. It also reaches Central Asian countries like Kyrgyzstan, since they are members of the UNECE. Main international traffic arteries in Europe are defined by ECE/TRANS/SC.1/2016/3/Rev.1 which consider three types of roads: motorways, Limited-access road, limited access roads, and ordinary roads. In most countries, the roads carry the European route designation alongside national designations. Belgium, Norway and Sweden have roads which only have the European route designations (examples: European route E18, E18 and European route E6, E6). The United Kingdom, Albania and the Asian part of Russia only use national road designations and do not show the European designations at all. All route numbers in Andorra are unsigned. Denmark only uses the European designations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transport Network
A transport network, or transportation network, is a network or graph in geographic space, describing an infrastructure that permits and constrains movement or flow. Examples include but are not limited to road networks, railways, air routes, pipelines, aqueducts, and power lines. The digital representation of these networks, and the methods for their analysis, is a core part of spatial analysis, geographic information systems, public utilities, and transport engineering. Network analysis is an application of the theories and algorithms of graph theory and is a form of proximity analysis. History The applicability of graph theory to geographic phenomena was recognized at an early date. Many of the early problems and theories undertaken by graph theorists were inspired by geographic situations, such as the Seven Bridges of Königsberg problem, which was one of the original foundations of graph theory when it was solved by Leonhard Euler in 1736. In the 1970s, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Street
A street is a public thoroughfare in a city, town or village, typically lined with Building, buildings on one or both sides. Streets often include pavements (sidewalks), pedestrian crossings, and sometimes amenities like Street light, streetlights or Bench (furniture), benches. A street can be as simple as a level patch of Dirt road, dirt, but is more often pavement (material), paved with a hard, durable surface such as Tarmacadam, tarmac, concrete, cobblestone or brick. It can be designed for both social activity and movement. Originally, the word ''street'' simply meant a paved road (). The word ''street'' is still sometimes used informally as a synonym for ''road'', for example in connection with the ancient Watling Street, but city residents and urban planning, urban planners draw a significant modern distinction: a road's main function is transportation, while streets facilitate public interaction. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Braess's Paradox
Braess's paradox is the observation that adding one or more roads to a road network can slow down overall road traffic, traffic flow through it. The paradox was first discovered by Arthur Cecil Pigou, Arthur Pigou in 1920, and Stigler's law of eponymy, later named after the German mathematician Dietrich Braess in 1968. The paradox may have analogies in electrical power grids and biological systems. It has been suggested that, in theory, the improvement of a malfunctioning network could be accomplished by removing certain parts of it. The paradox has been used to explain instances of improved traffic flow when existing major roads are closed. Discovery and definition Dietrich Braess, a mathematician at Ruhr University, Germany, noticed the flow in a road network could be impeded by adding a new road, when he was working on traffic modelling. His idea was that if each driver is making the optimization, optimal self-interested decision as to which route is quickest, a shortcut cou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
