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Steganographic File System
Steganographic file systems are a kind of file system first proposed by Ross Anderson, Roger Needham, and Adi Shamir. Their paper proposed two main methods of hiding data: in a series of fixed size files originally consisting of random bits on top of which 'vectors' could be superimposed in such a way as to allow levels of security to decrypt all lower levels but not even know of the existence of any higher levels, or an entire partition is filled with random bits and files hidden in it. In a steganographic file system using the second scheme, files are not merely stored, nor stored encrypted, but the entire partition is randomized - encrypted files strongly resemble randomized sections of the partition, and so when files are stored on the partition, there is no easy way to discern between meaningless gibberish and the actual encrypted files. Furthermore, locations of files are derived from the key for the files, and the locations are hidden and available to only programs wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GBDE
GBDE, standing for GEOM Based Disk Encryption, is a block device-layer disk encryption system written for FreeBSD, initially introduced in version 5.0. It is based on the GEOM disk framework. GBDE was designed and implemented by Poul-Henning Kamp and Network Associates Inc. (now known as McAfee). Design decisions Unlike most disk encryption software, GBDE does not attempt to defeat watermarking attacks through the use of disk encryption-specific modes of operation (see disk encryption theory), but instead generates a random key each time a sector is written. Unlike some alternatives, such as CBC with sector-specific initialization vectors, this approach does not reveal any information to the attacker even if they have access to snapshots of the disk image from different points in time, since encryption keys are never re-used. The one time sector key is encrypted using a pseudorandom key. This pseudorandom key is derived from the sector number and a static 2048-bit maste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filesystem-level Encryption
Filesystem-level encryption, often called file-based encryption, FBE, or file/folder encryption, is a form of disk encryption where individual files or directories are encryption, encrypted by the file system itself. This is in contrast to the full disk encryption where the entire partition or disk, in which the file system resides, is encrypted. Types of filesystem-level encryption include: * the use of a 'stackable' cryptographic filesystem layered on top of the main file system * a single ''general-purpose'' file system with encryption The advantages of filesystem-level encryption include: * flexible file-based key management, so that each file can be and usually is encrypted with a separate encryption key * individual management of encrypted files e.g. incremental backups of the individual changed files even in encrypted form, rather than backup of the entire encrypted volume * access control can be enforced through the use of public-key cryptography, and * the fact that key ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steganography Tools
A steganography software tool allows a user to embed hidden data inside a carrier file, such as an image or video, and later extract that data. It is not necessary to conceal the message in the original file at all. Thus, it is not necessary to modify the original file and thus, it is difficult to detect anything. If a given section is subjected to successive bitwise manipulation to generate the cyphertext, then there is no evidence in the original file to show that it is being used to encrypt a file. Architecture Carrier The Steganography#Additional terminology, carrier is the signal, stream, or data file into which the hidden data is hidden by making subtle modifications. Examples include audio files, image files, documents, and executable files. In practice, the carrier should look and work the same as the original unmodified carrier, and should appear benign to anyone inspecting it. Certain properties can raise suspicion that a file is carrying hidden data: * If the hidde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steganography
Steganography ( ) is the practice of representing information within another message or physical object, in such a manner that the presence of the concealed information would not be evident to an unsuspecting person's examination. In computing/electronic contexts, a computer file, message, image, or video is concealed within another file, message, image, or video. Generally, the hidden messages appear to be (or to be part of) something else: images, articles, shopping lists, or some other cover text. For example, the hidden message may be in invisible ink between the visible lines of a private letter. Some implementations of steganography that lack a formal shared secret are forms of security through obscurity, while key-dependent steganographic schemes try to adhere to Kerckhoffs's principle. The word ''steganography'' comes from Greek ''steganographia'', which combines the words ''steganós'' (), meaning "covered or concealed", and ''-graphia'' () meaning "writing". The fir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TrueCrypt
TrueCrypt is a discontinued source-available freeware utility software, utility used for on-the-fly encryption (OTFE). It can create a virtual encrypted disk within a file, encrypt a Disk partitioning, partition, or encrypt the whole Data storage device, storage device (pre-boot authentication). On 28 May 2014, the TrueCrypt website announced that the project #End of life announcement, was no longer maintained and recommended users find alternative solutions. Though development of TrueCrypt has ceased, an independent audit of TrueCrypt published in March 2015 concluded that no significant flaws were present. Two projects forked from TrueCrypt: VeraCrypt (active) and CipherShed (abandoned). History TrueCrypt was initially released as version 1.0 in February 2004, based on E4M (Encryption for the Masses). Several versions and many additional minor releases have been made since then, with the most current version being 7.1a. E4M and SecurStar dispute Original release of True ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loop Device
In Unix-like operating systems, a loop device, vnd (vnode disk), or lofi (loop file interface) is a pseudo-device that makes a computer file accessible as a block device. Before use, a loop device must be connected to an existent file in the file system. The association provides the user with an application programming interface (API) that allows the file to be used in place of a block special file (cf. device file system). Thus, if the file contains an entire file system, the file may then be mounted as if it were a disk device. Files of this kind are often used for CD ISO images and floppy disk images. Mounting a file containing a file system via such a loop mount makes the files within that file system accessible. They appear in the mount point directory. A loop device may allow some kind of data elaboration during this redirection. For example, the device may be the unencrypted version of an encrypted file. In such a case, the file associated with a loop device may be anoth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ScramDisk
''Scramdisk'' is a free on-the-fly encryption program for Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows Me. A non-free version was also available for Windows NT. The original ''Scramdisk'' is no longer maintained; its author, Shaun Hollingworth, joined Paul Le Roux (the author of E4M) to produce Scramdisk's commercial successor, '' DriveCrypt''. The author of Scramdisk provided a driver for Windows 9x, and the author of E4M provided a driver for Windows NT, enabling cross-platform versions of both programs. There is a new project called ''Scramdisk 4 Linux'' which provides access to Scramdisk and TrueCrypt containers. Older versions of TrueCrypt included support for Scramdisk. Licensing Although Scramdisk's source code is still available, it's stated that it was only released and licensed for private study and not for further development. However, because it contains an implementation of the MISTY1 Encryption Algorithm (by Hironobu Suzuki, a.k.a. H2NP) licensed under the GNU GPL Versio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steganography
Steganography ( ) is the practice of representing information within another message or physical object, in such a manner that the presence of the concealed information would not be evident to an unsuspecting person's examination. In computing/electronic contexts, a computer file, message, image, or video is concealed within another file, message, image, or video. Generally, the hidden messages appear to be (or to be part of) something else: images, articles, shopping lists, or some other cover text. For example, the hidden message may be in invisible ink between the visible lines of a private letter. Some implementations of steganography that lack a formal shared secret are forms of security through obscurity, while key-dependent steganographic schemes try to adhere to Kerckhoffs's principle. The word ''steganography'' comes from Greek ''steganographia'', which combines the words ''steganós'' (), meaning "covered or concealed", and ''-graphia'' () meaning "writing". The fir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
StegFS
StegFS is a free steganographic file system for Linux based on the ext2 filesystem. It is licensed under the GPL. It was principally developed by Andrew D. McDonald and Markus G. Kuhn, who developed versions 1.0.0 to 1.1.4. In 2003, Andreas C. Petter and Sebastian Urbach intended to continue development of StegFS, and created a site for it on SourceForge.net. StegFS was updated to use GNU's libgcrypt, and version 2015.08 was released on August 13, 2015. The latest version of StegFS is 2015.08.1, released July 21, 2016. Version History The first version of StegFS was 1.0.0, released on September 17, 1999. Development versions continued to be released, up to version 1.1.4, released on February 14, 2001. StegFS was then rewritten by Ashley Anderson and Andreas Petter, who released version 2015.08 on August 13, 2015. 2015.08 was a complete rewrite and was not backwards compatible with 1.0.0 through 1.1.4. See also * Filesystem-level encryption * List of cryptographic file sys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
