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Spinacanthidae
Spinacanthidae is an extinct prehistoric family of tetraodontid bony fish that lived from the Lutetian epoch of Eocene Monte Bolca. In life, either genus would have resembled a somewhat-flattened boxfish with five massive spines along the anterior-dorsal side, with the longest spine directly above the forehead, and the shortest spine directly in front of the dorsal fin. ''Protobalistum'' is distinguished from its close, sympatric relative, '' Spinacanthus'', in that its scales are large, and form a sort of armor. In ''Spinacanthus'', the individual scales are relatively small, and do not touch each other. ''Protobalistum'' and ''Spinacanthus'' were a part of the ecosystem of the lagoon that became Monte Bolca. Because of their similarity to boxfish, and due to their close relation to modern-day triggerfish, spinacanthids may have preyed on shellfish and small fish. See also * '' Eospinus'', another close relative from the Earliest Eocene of Turkmenistan * ''Eolactoria'', a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protobalistum
''Protobalistum imperiale'' is an extinct prehistoric tetraodontid bony fish that lived from the Lutetian epoch of Eocene Monte Bolca. In life, it would have resembled a compressed boxfish with five massive spines along the anterior-dorsal side, with the longest spine directly above the forehead, and the shortest spine directly in front of the dorsal fin. It is distinguished from its close, sympatric relative, '' Spinacanthus'', in that its scales are large, and form a sort of armor. (In ''S. cuneiformis'', the individual scales are relatively small, and do not touch each other). ''Protobalistum imperiale'' and ''Spinacanthus'' were a part of the ecosystem of the lagoon that would become Monte Bolca. It has been suggested that, because of their similarity to boxfish, and due to their close relation to modern-day triggerfish, spinacanthids may have preyed on shellfish and small fish. See also * '' Spinacanthus'', its closest relative, lived sympatrically with ''Protobalistu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spinacanthus
''Spinacanthus cuneiformis'' is an extinct prehistoric tetraodontid bony fish that lived from the Lutetian epoch of Eocene Monte Bolca. In life, it would have resembled a somewhat-flattened boxfish with five long spines along the anterior-dorsal side, with the longest spine directly above the forehead, and the shortest spine directly in front of the dorsal fin. It is distinguished from its close, sympatric relative, ''Protobalistum'', in that its individual scales are relatively small, and do not touch each other. (In ''Protobalistum'', the scales are large, and form a sort of armor). ''S. cuneiformis'' and ''Protobalistum'' were a part of the ecosystem of the lagoon that became Monte Bolca. Because of their similarity to boxfish, and due to their close relation to modern-day triggerfish, spinacanthids may have preyed on shellfish and small fish. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish * ''Protobalistum'', its closest relative * '' Eospinus'', another cl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostracioidea
Ostracioidea or Ostracioidei, the boxfishes, is a suborder of ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Tetraodontiformes, which also includes the pufferfishes, filefishes and triggerfishes. The fishes in this taxon are found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Taxonomy Ostracioidea was named in 1810 by the French polymath Constantine Samuel Rafinesque, and has been regarded as a family with the two extant families being regarded as subfamilies. However, recent phylogenetic studies have concluded that the families Aracanidae and Ostraciidae are valid families but that they are part of the same clade. The 5th edition of ''Fishes of the World'' classifies this clade as the suborder Ostracioidea within the order Tetraodontiformes. Etymology Ostracioidea takes its name from the type genus, ''Ostracion'', of the family Ostraciidae. This name was proposed by Linnaeus in 1758 and means "little box" an allusion to the body shape of '' O. cubicus''. Families Ostracioidea contains t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetraodontiformes
Tetraodontiformes (), also known as the Plectognathi, is an order of ray-finned fishes which includes the pufferfishes and related taxa. This order has been classified as a suborder of the order Perciformes, although recent studies have found that it, as the Tetraodontoidei, is a sister taxon to the anglerfish order Lophiiformes, called Lophiodei, and have placed both taxa within the Acanthuriformes. The Tetraodontiformes are represented by 10 extant families and at around 430 species overall. The majority of the species within this order are marine but a few may be found in freshwater. They are found throughout the world. Taxonomy Tetraodontiformes is a name first used for this order in 1940 by Lev Berg, the order was originally proposed in 1817 as the "''Les Plectognathes''", the Plectognathi. Cuvier divided this into two families ''"Les Gymnodontes"'' and ''"Les Sclerodermes"''. In 1940 Berg first used the term Tetraodontiformes for this order and this name is the curren ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eospinus
''Eospinus'' ("dawn spine") is an extinct genus of bizarre marine tetraodontiform fish from the Eocene. It is known from the earliest Ypresian-aged Danata Formation lagerstatten of Turkmenistan. The species name honors paleoichthyologist Pavel G. Daniltshenko (also Danilchenko), who described numerous fossil fish from Russia and neighboring countries. ''Eospinus'' had a highly unusual appearance. It had four dorsal spines, three of which were on the anterior end of its dorsal side, and the first spine being placed between and below the eyes, almost like a long nose. It also had a pair of spines near the base of its caudal peduncle, and a spine in front of the anal fin. In 2002, and confirmed again in 2003, Santini and Tyler erected the family Bolcabalistidae to contain both ''Eospinus'' and the genus '' Bolcabalistes'' from Monte Bolca as close relatives of both triggerfishes and boxfishes.Tyler, JAMES C., and F. R. A. N. C. E. S. C. O. Santini. "Review and reconstructions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Prehistoric Bony Fish
This list of prehistoric bony fish is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all Genus, genera from the fossil record that have ever been considered to be bony fish (class Osteichthyes), excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (''nomen dubium, nomina dubia''), or were not formally published (''nomen nudum, nomina nuda''), as well as synonym (zoology), junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered members of osteichthyes. This list includes 1,387 generic names. *extinction, Extinct genera are marked with a dagger (†). *Extant taxon, Extant genera are bolded. Naming conventions and terminology Naming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Technical terms used include: * Synonym (zoology), Junior synonym: A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name. If two or more ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prehistoric Fish
__NOTOC__ Prehistoric fish are early fish that are known only from fossil records. They are the earliest known vertebrates, and include the first and extinct fish that lived through the Cambrian to the Quaternary. The study of prehistoric fish is called ''paleoichthyology''. A few living forms, such as the coelacanth are also referred to as prehistoric fish, or even living fossils, due to their current rarity and similarity to extinct forms. Fish which have become recently extinct are not usually referred to as prehistoric fish. Lists of various prehistoric fishes include: * List of prehistoric jawless fish * List of placoderms * List of acanthodians * List of prehistoric cartilaginous fish *List of prehistoric bony fish This list of prehistoric bony fish is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all Genus, genera from the fossil record that have ever been considered to be bony fish (class Osteichthyes), excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includ ... * List ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proaracana
''Proaracana dubia'' is an extinct, prehistoric aracanid boxfish that lived during the Lutetian of middle Eocene Monte Bolca. See also * ''Eolactoria'' * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish This list of prehistoric bony fish is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all Genus, genera from the fossil record that have ever been considered to be bony fish (class Osteichthyes), excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includ ... References Eocene fish Eocene genus extinctions Aracanidae Fossils of Italy Fossil taxa described in 1961 {{paleo-tetraodontiformes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eolactoria
''Eolactoria'' ("dawn '' Lactoria''") is an extinct genus of highly unusual prehistoric boxfish from the Eocene. It contains a single species, ''E. sorbinii'' from the Ypresian-aged Monte Bolca site in Italy. It had two pairs of long spines, one over each eye, and one pair beneath the anal and caudal fins, arranged very similarly to those possessed by the modern genus '' Lactoria'' (e.g., "cowfish"), but much longer. ''E. sorbinii'' had a fifth spine between the two eye-spines, arranged and looking very much like a nose. The only known fossil specimen is about 5 cm (2 in) long. See also * '' Proaracana'' another boxfish that lived in Monte Bolca * '' Oligolactoria'' a possible descendant from the Oligocene * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish This list of prehistoric bony fish is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all Genus, genera from the fossil record that have ever been considered to be bony fish (class Osteichthyes), excluding pu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest and the Caspian Sea to the west. Ashgabat is the capital and largest city. It is one of the six independent Turkic states. With a population over 7 million, Turkmenistan is the 35th most-populous country in Asia and has the lowest population of the Central Asian republics while being one of the most sparsely populated nations on the Asian continent. Turkmenistan has long served as a thoroughfare for several empires and cultures. Merv is one of the oldest oasis-cities in Central Asia, and was once among the biggest cities in the world. It was also one of the great cities of the Islamic world and an important stop on the Silk Road. Annexed by the Russian Empire in 1881, Turkmenistan figured prominently in the anti-Bolshevik movement in Central Asia. In 1925, Turkmenistan be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eocene
The Eocene ( ) is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (Ma). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''Ēṓs'', 'Eos, Dawn') and (''kainós'', "new") and refers to the "dawn" of modern ('new') fauna that appeared during the epoch.See: *Letter from William Whewell to Charles Lyell dated 31 January 1831 in: * From p. 55: "The period next antecedent we shall call Eocene, from ήως, aurora, and χαινος, recens, because the extremely small proportion of living species contained in these strata, indicates what may be considered the first commencement, or ''dawn'', of the existing state of the animate creation." The Eocene spans the time from the end of the Paleocene Epoch to the beginning of the Oligocene Epoch. The start of the Eocene is marked by a brief period in which the concentration of the carbon isoto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
