|
Somoza
The Somoza family ( es, Familia Somoza) is a former political family that ruled Nicaragua for forty-three years from 1936 to 1979. Their family dictatorship was founded by Anastasio Somoza García and was continued by his two sons Luis Somoza Debayle and Anastasio Somoza Debayle. Anastasio Somoza García was the President of Nicaragua from 1937 until 1956. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Luis Somoza Debayle, who held the presidency from 1957 to 1963. The youngest Somoza son, Anastasio Somoza Debayle, held two presidential terms: 1967-1972 and 1974-1979. Although the Somozas did not hold the presidency for the full forty-three years, they continued to rule through puppet presidents and their control of the National Guard. While the Somoza family made advancements towards modernising Nicaragua, their rule was still characterised by repression and inequality. Over four decades, the Somoza family accumulated wealth through corporate bribes, land grabbing and foreign aid siphoni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anastasio Somoza Debayle
Anastasio "Tachito" Somoza Debayle (; 5 December 1925 – 17 September 1980) was the President of Nicaragua from 1 May 1967 to 1 May 1972 and from 1 December 1974 to 17 July 1979. As head of the National Guard, he was ''de facto'' ruler of the country between 1972 and 1974, even during the period when he was not the ''de jure'' ruler. Somoza Debayle succeeded his older brother in office. He was the last member of the Somoza family to be president, ending a dynasty that had been in power since 1937. After insurgents led by the Sandinista National Liberation Front ( es, Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional; FSLN) were closing in on Managua in July 1979, Somoza fled Nicaragua. Power was ceded to the Junta of National Reconstruction. He was assassinated in 1980 while in exile in Paraguay. Name As is customary in most Spanish-speaking countries, he was given both his parents' last names, Somoza being his father's last name and Debayle being his mother's last name. De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sandinista National Liberation Front
The Sandinista National Liberation Front ( es, Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional, FSLN) is a socialist political party in Nicaragua. Its members are called Sandinistas () in both English and Spanish. The party is named after Augusto César Sandino, who led the Nicaraguan resistance against the United States occupation of Nicaragua in the 1930s.History Matter"To Abolish the Monroe Doctrine": Proclamation from Augusto César SandinoRetrieved 29/09/12 The FSLN overthrew Anastasio Somoza Debayle in 1979, ending the Somoza dynasty, and established a revolutionary government in its place. Having seized power, the Sandinistas ruled Nicaragua from 1979 to 1990, first as part of a Junta of National Reconstruction. Following the resignation of centrist members from this Junta, the FSLN took exclusive power in March 1981. They instituted a policy of mass literacy, devoted significant resources to health care, and promoted gender equality but came under international criticism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anastasio Somoza García
Anastasio Somoza García (1 February 1896 – 29 September 1956) was the leader of Nicaragua from 1937 until his assassination in 1956. He was only officially the 21st President of Nicaragua from 1 January 1937 to 1 May 1947 and from 21 May 1950 until his assassination on 29 September 1956, ruling for the rest of the time as an unelected military strongman. He was the patriarch of the Somoza family, which ruled Nicaragua as a family dictatorship for 42 years. The son of a wealthy coffee planter, Somoza was educated in the United States. After his return to Nicaragua, he helped oust President Adolfo Díaz. He became the foreign secretary and took the title of "General". With the help of the US Marine Corps, which occupied Nicaragua at the time, Somoza became the head of the National Guard. This gave him the power base to remove his wife's uncle, Juan Bautista Sacasa, from the presidency, and make himself president in 1937. In 1947, an ally nominally succeeded him, but he re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Guard (Nicaragua)
The National Guard ( es, link=no, Guardia Nacional, otherwise known as ) was a militia and a gendarmerie created in 1925 during the occupation of Nicaragua by the United States. It became notorious for human rights abuses and corruption under the regime of the Somoza family (1936–1979). The National Guard was disbanded when the Sandinistas came to power in 1979. Creation Prior to the U.S. occupation, the long period of civil strife had encouraged the development of a variety of private armies. The freshly elected government of President Carlos José Solórzano requested that the U.S. Marines (equally interested in central control) remain in Nicaragua until an indigenous internal security force could be trained; for that effect, the Nicaraguan government hired in 1925 a retired U.S. General to help set up a new paramilitary gendarmerie force, titled the ''Guardia Nacional de Nicaragua'' (National Guard of Nicaragua).. That same year, U.S. forces left the country, but after ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicaraguan Revolution
The Nicaraguan Revolution ( es, Revolución Nicaragüense or Revolución Popular Sandinista, link=no) encompassed the rising opposition to the Somoza dictatorship in the 1960s and 1970s, the campaign led by the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) to oust the dictatorship in 1978–79, the subsequent efforts of the FSLN to govern Nicaragua from 1979 to 1990, and the Contra War, which was waged between the FSLN-led government of Nicaragua and the United States–backed Contras from 1981 to 1990. The revolution marked a significant period in the history of Nicaragua and revealed the country as one of the major proxy war battlegrounds of the Cold War, attracting much international attention. The initial overthrow of the Somoza regime in 1978–79 was a dirty affair, and the Contra War of the 1980s took the lives of tens of thousands of Nicaraguans and was the subject of fierce international debate. Because of the political turmoil failing economy, and decreasing governme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicaragua
Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest Sovereign state, country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean Sea, Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the country's capital and largest city. , it was estimated to be the List of largest cities in Central America#Largest cities proper, second largest city in Central America. Nicaragua's multiethnic population of six million includes people of mestizo, indigenous, European and African heritage. The main language is Spanish. Indigenous tribes on the Mosquito Coast speak their own languages and English. Originally inhabited by various indigenous cultures since ancient times, the region was conquered by the Spanish Empire in the 16th century. Nicaragua gained independence from Spain in 1821. The Mosquito Coast followed a different historical path, being colonized by the English in the 17th century and later coming under B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lillian Somoza De Sevilla Sacasa
Lillian ("'Lilly"' or "'Lilita"') Somoza de Sevilla Sacasa, born Lillian Ada de la Cruz Somoza Debayle (May 3, 1921 – May 17, 2003) was a member of the Somoza family in Nicaragua. She was the daughter of dictatorial president Anastasio Somoza García and Salvadora Debayle de Somoza, the wife of Guillermo Sevilla Sacasa, and the sister of the dictatorial presidents Luis Somoza Debayle and Anastasio Somoza Debayle. She attended the exclusive young ladies finishing school ''Gunston Hall School for Girls'' and in 1940 was chosen queen of the Apple Blossom Festival in Winchester, Virginia. She died in Washington Hospital Center MedStar Washington Hospital Center is the largest private hospital in Washington, D.C. A member of MedStar Health, the not-for-profit Hospital Center is licensed for 926 beds. Health services in primary, secondary and tertiary care are offered to ... on May 17, 2003, two weeks after her 82nd birthday. Family origins By paternal line, she came from t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salvadora Debayle
Ana Salvadora Debayle Sacasa de Somoza García (27 May 1895 – 1 February 1987) was the First Lady of Nicaragua during the presidency of her husband, the dictator Anastasio Somoza Garcia. She was the mother of Lillian Somoza Debayle, Luis Somoza Debayle and Anastasio Somoza Debayle. She was popularly known as Doña Salvadorita and among her relatives Mama Yoya. Biography She was the daughter of Dr. Louis Henri Debayle, who was of French descent, and Casimira Sacasa Sacasa, the daughter of President Roberto Sacasa Sarria and niece of President Juan Bautista Sacasa. By maternal line, she came from one of the most distinguished and important families at the political level of the country, in addition to being linked to family ties with most of the Creole families in Nicaragua. In 1913, she was studying in Belgium with her sister Margarita; a year later, upon the outbreak of the First World War, they were transferred to London, England, United Kingdom, and later to Philadelphia, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anastasio Somoza Portocarrero
Anastasio Somoza Portocarrero (born 1 February 1951) is a Nicaraguan American colonel and businessman. Biography Early life Anastasio Somoza Portocarrero was born on December 18, 1951, in Miami, Florida, United States. A member of the Somoza family, he is a son of former Nicaraguan president Anastasio Somoza Debayle and Hope Portocarrero; he is also a grandson of Anastasio Somoza García. Also known as ''El Chigüín''—"The spoiled child"—Somoza Portocarrero had been the heir apparent to the Somoza family dictatorship prior to the ouster of his father by the Sandinistas in 1979. By early 1978, Somoza Portocarrero had reportedly taken on the appellation "apprentice dictator" and assumed full control of the Somozas' estimated $1 billion business empire, however, by mid-1979 the family had fallen from power and would be forced into exile. He was educated in the United States, including at Kent School in Kent, Connecticut, Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hope Portocarrero
Hope Portocarrero, also known as Madame Somoza and Hope Somoza Baldocchi later in life, (June 28, 1929 – 5 October 1991) was the wife of dictator and president of Nicaragua Anastasio Somoza Debayle and, beginning in 1967, First Lady of Nicaragua for a time. In 1968 she was named to the International Best Dressed List. She was the mother of Anastasio Somoza Portocarrero and four other children. Early life Born in 1929 in Tampa, Florida, Hope Portocarrero was the daughter of Dr. Nestor Portocarrero Gross and Blanca DeBayle Sacasa de Portocarrero. She had one brother, Nestor. She was of Spanish, French and Nicaraguan descent. Her grandfather was Dr. Louis Henri DeBayle Pallais, and married to Casimira Sacasa Sacasa. He was a good friend of Rubén Darío. Her maternal great-grandfather was Roberto Sacasa Sarria, former President of Nicaragua. The DeBayles and Portocarreros were among Nicaragua's wealthiest families. She spoke fluent English, Italian, Spanish, and French a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luis Somoza Debayle
Luis Anastasio Somoza Debayle (18 November 1922 – 13 April 1967) was the 26th President of Nicaragua from 21 September 1956 to 1 May 1963. Somoza Debayle was born in León. At the age of 14, he and his younger brother Anastasio attended Saint Leo College Prep near Tampa, before transferring to La Salle Military Academy on Long Island. Luis was then educated at Louisiana State University, where he was a member of Fi Sigma Alfa Hispanic fraternity. He married Costa Rican Isabel Urcuyo on 9 June 1947, and they had seven children together. Following the assassination of his father, Anastasio Somoza García, Luis was tapped as acting president, and was elected president in his own right the following year. His rule was somewhat milder than that of his father. However, civil liberties remained restricted, and corruption remained widespread. His brother, Anastasio Somoza Debayle Anastasio "Tachito" Somoza Debayle (; 5 December 1925 – 17 September 1980) was the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1936 Nicaraguan Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in Nicaragua on 9 June 1936. On 31 May 1936 Somoza's forces attacked Managua. On 6 June President Juan Bautista Sacasa and Vice-President Rodolfo Espinosa Ramírez resigned and Julián Irías (Minister of Gobernacion) was appointed acting president. On 6 June Sacasa sailed for exile in El Salvador. “'' Julián Irías' term as President was very brief. Somoza made one attempt to see him, but Irias was drunk and nothing was accomplished''”. On 9 June the Congress unanimously accepted the resignations of the President Juan Bautista Sacasa and Vice President Rodolfo Espinosa Ramírez and unanimously selected Somoza’s choice as Provisional President, Carlos Alberto Brenes Jarquín. “''The Conservatives in Congress justified their vote by saying they were interested in a peaceful solution to the present crisis but that they wanted to be known as the party of opposition and reserved the right to name a candidate in the presidential elections ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
