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Sodium Hypoiodite
Sodium hypoiodite is an inorganic chemical used as an oxidant in various organic chemical reactions. It causes iodination of nitrogen atoms, such 1''H''-benzotriazole to give 1-iodo-1''H''-benzotriazole and an imine to give the analogous iodoimine. It oxidatively cleaves methyl ketones to give iodoform Iodoform (also known as triiodomethane) is the organoiodine compound with the chemical formula . It is a pale yellow, crystalline, volatile substance, with a penetrating and distinctive odor (in older chemistry texts, the smell is sometimes refe .... References {{Sodium compounds Hypoiodites Sodium compounds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silver Hypoiodite
Silver hypoiodite is a chemical compound with the chemical formula . This is an ionic compound of silver and the polyatomic ion hypoiodite. It decomposes rapidly at room temperature. Synthesis Adding iodine to a dilute neutral solution of silver nitrate Silver nitrate is an inorganic compound with chemical formula . It is a versatile precursor to many other silver compounds, such as those used in photography. It is far less sensitive to light than the halides. It was once called ''lunar causti ...: :: References {{Silver compounds Silver compounds Hypoiodites ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sodium Iodide
Sodium iodide (chemical formula NaI) is an ionic compound formed from the chemical reaction of sodium metal and iodine. Under standard conditions, it is a white, water-soluble solid comprising a 1:1 mix of sodium cations (Na+) and iodide anions (I−) in a crystal lattice. It is used mainly as a nutritional supplement and in organic chemistry. It is produced industrially as the salt formed when acidic iodides react with sodium hydroxide. It is a chaotropic salt. Uses Food supplement Sodium iodide, as well as potassium iodide, is commonly used to treat and prevent iodine deficiency. Iodized table salt contains 10 ppm iodide. Organic synthesis Sodium iodide is used for conversion of alkyl chlorides into alkyl iodides. This method, the Finkelstein reaction, relies on the insolubility of sodium chloride in acetone to drive the reaction: ::R–Cl + NaI → R–I + NaCl Nuclear medicine Some radioactive iodide salts of sodium, including Na 125I and Na 131I, have rad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sodium Iodate
Sodium iodate ( Na I O3) is the sodium salt of iodic acid. Sodium iodate is an oxidizing agent. It has several uses. Preparation It can be prepared by reacting a sodium-containing base such as sodium hydroxide with iodic acid, for example: : HIO3 + NaOH → NaIO3 + H2O It can also be prepared by adding iodine to a hot, concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate: :3 I2 + 6 NaOH → NaIO3 + 5 NaI + 3 H2O Reactions Sodium iodate can be oxidized to sodium periodate in water solutions by hypochlorites or other strong oxidizing agents: :NaIO3 + NaOCl → NaIO4 + NaCl Uses The main use of sodium iodate in everyday life is in iodised salt. The other compounds which are used in iodised table salt are potassium iodate, potassium iodide, and sodium iodide. Sodium iodate comprises 15 to 50 mg per kilogram of applicable salt. Sodium iodate is also used as a dough conditioner to strengthen the dough Dough is a malleable, sometimes elastic p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sodium Periodate
Sodium periodate is an inorganic salt, composed of a sodium cation and the periodate anion. It may also be regarded as the sodium salt of periodic acid. Like many periodates, it can exist in two different forms: sodium ''meta''periodate (formula NaIO4) and sodium ''ortho''periodate (normally Na2H3IO6, but sometimes the fully reacted salt Na5IO6). Both salts are useful oxidising agents. Preparation Classically, periodate was produced in the form of sodium hydrogen periodate (). This commercially available, but can also be produced by the oxidation of iodates with chlorine and sodium hydroxide. Or, similarly, from iodides by oxidation with bromine and sodium hydroxide: : : Modern industrial scale production involves the electrochemical oxidation of iodates, on a lead dioxide () anode, with the following standard electrode potential: : Sodium metaperiodate can be prepared by the dehydration of sodium hydrogen periodate with nitric acid. : Structure Sodium metaperiodate ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypoiodous Acid
Hypoiodous acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It forms when an aqueous solution of iodine is treated with mercuric or silver salts. It rapidly decomposes by disproportionation: : Hypoiodous acid is a weak acid with a p''K''a of about 11. The conjugate base is hypoiodite (). Salts of this anion can be prepared by treating iodine with alkali hydroxides. They rapidly disproportionate to form iodides and iodates, but an iodine–hydroxide mixture can be used an in situ preparation of hypoiodite for other reactions. Ammonium hypoiodites can be formed by oxidation of the analogous iodide salts. These and also sodium hypoiodite are useful as oxidizing agents for a various types of organic compounds and also for a reaction analogous to the haloform reaction. Hypoiodite is one of the active oxidizing agents generated by lactoperoxidase as part of the mammalian innate immune system. Other oxyacids Hypoiodous acid is part of a series of oxyacids in whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inorganic Chemical
An inorganic compound is typically a chemical compound that lacks carbon–hydrogen bondsthat is, a compound that is not an organic compound. The study of inorganic compounds is a subfield of chemistry known as ''inorganic chemistry''. Inorganic compounds comprise most of the Earth's crust, although the compositions of the deep mantle remain active areas of investigation. All allotropes (structurally different pure forms of an element) and some simple carbon compounds are often considered inorganic. Examples include the allotropes of carbon (graphite, diamond, buckminsterfullerene, graphene, etc.), carbon monoxide , carbon dioxide , carbides, and salts of inorganic anions such as carbonates, cyanides, cyanates, thiocyanates, isothiocyanates, etc. Many of these are normal parts of mostly organic systems, including organisms; describing a chemical as inorganic does not necessarily mean that it cannot occur within living things. History Friedrich Wöhler's conversion of ammoni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxidant
An oxidizing agent (also known as an oxidant, oxidizer, electron recipient, or electron acceptor) is a substance in a redox chemical reaction that gains or "Electron acceptor, accepts"/"receives" an electron from a (called the , , or ''electron donor''). In other words, an oxidizer is any substance that oxidizes another substance. The oxidation state, which describes the degree of loss of electrons, of the oxidizer decreases while that of the reductant increases; this is expressed by saying that oxidizers "undergo reduction" and "are reduced" while reducers "undergo oxidation" and "are oxidized". Common oxidizing agents are oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and the halogens. In one sense, an oxidizing agent is a chemical species that undergoes a chemical reaction in which it gains one or more electrons. In that sense, it is one component in an Redox, oxidation–reduction (redox) reaction. In the second sense, an oxidizing agent is a chemical species that transfers electronegative at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organic Chemical
Some chemical authorities define an organic compound as a chemical compound that contains a Carbon–hydrogen bond, carbon–hydrogen or carbon–carbon bond; others consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon. For example, carbon-containing compounds such as alkanes (e.g. methane ) and its derivatives are universally considered organic, but many others are sometimes considered Inorganic compound, inorganic, such as certain compounds of carbon with nitrogen and oxygen (e.g. cyanide ion , hydrogen cyanide , chloroformic acid , carbon dioxide , and carbonate ion ). Due to carbon's ability to catenate (form chains with other carbon atoms), millions of organic compounds are known. The study of the properties, reactions, and syntheses of organic compounds comprise the discipline known as organic chemistry. For historical reasons, a few classes of carbon-containing compounds (e.g., carbonate salts and cyanide salts), along with a few other exceptions (e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iodination
In chemistry, halogenation is a chemical reaction which introduces one or more halogens into a chemical compound. Halide-containing compounds are pervasive, making this type of transformation important, e.g. in the production of polymers, drugs. This kind of conversion is in fact so common that a comprehensive overview is challenging. This article mainly deals with halogenation using elemental halogens (). Halides are also commonly introduced using salts of the halides and halogen acids. Many specialized reagents exist for introducing halogens into diverse substrates, e.g. thionyl chloride. Organic chemistry Several pathways exist for the halogenation of organic compounds, including free radical halogenation, ketone halogenation, electrophilic halogenation, and halogen addition reaction. The nature of the substrate determines the pathway. The facility of halogenation is influenced by the halogen. Fluorine and chlorine are more electrophilic and are more aggressive halogenating ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitrogen
Nitrogen is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol N and atomic number 7. Nitrogen is a Nonmetal (chemistry), nonmetal and the lightest member of pnictogen, group 15 of the periodic table, often called the Pnictogen, pnictogens. It is a common element in the universe, estimated at Abundance of the chemical elements, seventh in total abundance in the Milky Way and the Solar System. At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element chemical bond, bond to form N2, a colourless and odourless diatomic molecule, diatomic gas. N2 forms about 78% of Atmosphere of Earth, Earth's atmosphere, making it the most abundant chemical species in air. Because of the volatility of nitrogen compounds, nitrogen is relatively rare in the solid parts of the Earth. It was first discovered and isolated by Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772 and independently by Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Henry Cavendish at about the same time. The name was suggested by French chemist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benzotriazole
Benzotriazole (BTA) is a heterocyclic compound with the chemical formula . It can be viewed as the fusion of a benzene and triazole rings. It is a white solid, although impure samples can appear tan. It is used as a corrosion inhibitor for copper. Structure and synthesis : Benzotriazole features two fused rings. It can in principle exist as tautomers, but X-ray crystallography establishes the depicted structure. The N=N and HN-N distances are 1.306 and 1.340 Å. Benzotriazole can be prepared by the monodiazotization of o-Phenylenediamine, ''o''-phenylenediamine using sodium nitrite and acetic acid.Robert A. Smiley "Phenylene- and Toluenediamines" in ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'', 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. Reactions Acid-base behavior BTA is a weak Bronsted acid with a pKa = 8.2. It is a weak Brønsted base, as indicated by the low pKa 0.1 μg/L. One source of this pollution is their use as anti-icing/deicing agents in airports. Benzotriazo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imine
In organic chemistry, an imine ( or ) is a functional group or organic compound containing a carbon–nitrogen double bond (). The nitrogen atom can be attached to a hydrogen or an organic group (R). The carbon atom has two additional single bonds. Imines are common in synthetic and naturally occurring compounds and they participate in many reactions. Distinction is sometimes made between aldimines and ketimines, derived from aldehydes and ketones, respectively. Structure In imines the five core atoms (C2C=NX, ketimine; and C(H)C=NX, aldimine; X = H or C) are coplanar. Planarity results from the sp2-hybridization of the mutually double-bonded carbon and the nitrogen atoms. The C=N distance is 1.29–1.31 Å for nonconjugated imines and 1.35 Å for conjugated imines. By contrast, C−N distances in amines and nitriles are 1.47 and 1.16 Å respectively. Rotation about the C=N bond is slow. Using NMR spectroscopy, both E–Z notation, ''E'' and ''Z'' isomers of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
