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Social Security In Sri Lanka
Social security in Sri Lanka, refers to a system of social welfare payments provided by Sri Lankan Government to eligible Sri Lankan citizens, permanent residents, and limited international visitors, as well as other benefits for workers protected by law. History Historically the social protection needs were met by the immediate family, the extended family, and the community, which were augmented by a formal system of social security, modelled on the welfare state approach adopted in the West. In 1901, a mandatory pension scheme for civil servants was established. The 1930s saw the effects of the Great Depression and the Malaria Epidemic of 1934-35 on the poor, resulting in major social initiatives such as free education and health care by the State Council of Ceylon, followed by expansion of tax-funded hospital services and the Maternity Benefit Ordinance in 1939, giving maternity benefits for employed women. The Poor Law Relief, cash transfers to the poor were introduced in 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, also known historically as Ceylon, is an island country in South Asia. It lies in the Indian Ocean, southwest of the Bay of Bengal, separated from the Indian subcontinent, Indian peninsula by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait. It shares a maritime border with the Maldives in the southwest and India in the northwest. Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte is the legislative capital of Sri Lanka, while the largest city, Colombo, is the administrative and judicial capital which is the nation's political, financial and cultural centre. Kandy is the second-largest urban area and also the capital of the last native kingdom of Sri Lanka. The most spoken language Sinhala language, Sinhala, is spoken by the majority of the population (approximately 17 million). Tamil language, Tamil is also spoken by approximately five million people, making it the second most-spoken language in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka has a population of appr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahapola Higher Education Scholarship Trust Fund
The Mahapola Higher Education Scholarship Trust Fund (also known as the Mahapola Trust Fund or the Mahapola Scholarship) is an educational trust fund created and operated by the Government of Sri Lanka. Established by Lalith Athulathmudali, the Minister of Trade and Shipping through the ''Mahapola Higher Education Scholarship Trust Fund Act No. 66 of 1981'', its objective is the provision of financial assistance to students undertaking higher education. The original funds were raised by Athulathmudali through personal donations and a series of regional fairs known as ''Mahapola''. The trust is managed by a board of trustees chaired by the chief justice. The fund has also founded the Development Lotteries Board and the Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology (; ; also known as SLIIT) is a private university located in Malabe and Colombo, Sri Lanka. It specialises in various fields like technology and management. SLIIT has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Security In Sri Lanka
Social security in Sri Lanka, refers to a system of social welfare payments provided by Sri Lankan Government to eligible Sri Lankan citizens, permanent residents, and limited international visitors, as well as other benefits for workers protected by law. History Historically the social protection needs were met by the immediate family, the extended family, and the community, which were augmented by a formal system of social security, modelled on the welfare state approach adopted in the West. In 1901, a mandatory pension scheme for civil servants was established. The 1930s saw the effects of the Great Depression and the Malaria Epidemic of 1934-35 on the poor, resulting in major social initiatives such as free education and health care by the State Council of Ceylon, followed by expansion of tax-funded hospital services and the Maternity Benefit Ordinance in 1939, giving maternity benefits for employed women. The Poor Law Relief, cash transfers to the poor were introduced in 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unemployment Benefits
Unemployment, according to the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), is the proportion of people above a specified age (usually 15) not being in paid employment or self-employment but currently available for work during the reference period. Unemployment is measured by the unemployment rate, which is the number of people who are unemployed as a percentage of the labour force (the total number of people employed added to those unemployed). Unemployment can have many sources, such as the following: * the status of the economy, which can be influenced by a recession * competition caused by globalization and international trade * new technologies and inventions * policies of the government * regulation and market * war, civil disorder, and natural disasters Unemployment and the status of the economy can be influenced by a country through, for example, fiscal policy. Furthermore, the monetary authority of a country, such as the central bank, can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Welfare Reform
Welfare reforms are changes in the operation of a given welfare system aimed at improving the efficiency, equity, and administration of government assistance programs. Reform programs may have a various aims; sometimes the focus is on reducing the number of individuals receiving government assistance and welfare system expenditure, and at other times reforms may aim to ensure greater fairness, effectiveness, and allocation of welfare for those in need. Classical liberals, neoliberals, right-wing libertarians, and conservatives generally argue that welfare and other tax-funded services reduce incentives to work, exacerbate the free-rider problem, and intensify poverty. On the other hand, in their criticism of capitalism, both social democrats and other socialists generally criticize welfare reforms that minimize the public safety net and strengthens the capitalist economic system. Welfare reform is constantly debated because of the varying opinions on a government's need to b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Susso
The Susso is an Australian slang term referring to "sustenance" (welfare) payments, especially during the Great Depression. "Susso" could also be used as a noun, for someone depending on such payments, often unsympathetically. Background By late 1929, the Great Depression had hit all Western countries. Causes The prices of wool and wheat — two of the nation’s biggest exports — had been in rapid decline. Overseas investments and loans started to disappear. As money became tight, there was a large decrease on spending on public work, which led to an increase in unemployment. The unemployment was further exacerbated by the falling income from primary producers. At the end of 1929, Australia's unemployment rate sat at around 13%. By 1932, it had peaked at a staggering 29%. Effects Though the downturn in the economy had a much greater effect on the lives of the poor, not even the very rich could ignore the situation, as evidence of the Depression could be found everywhe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Safety Net
A social safety net (SSN) consists of non-contributory assistance existing to improve lives of vulnerable families and individuals experiencing poverty and destitution. Examples of SSNs are previously-contributory social pensions, in-kind and food transfers, conditional and unconditional cash transfers, fee waivers, public works, and school feeding programs.World Bank. 2018"The State of Social Safety Nets" 2018. Washington, DC: World Bank. © World Bank. License: CC BY 3.0 IGO. Definitions There is no exact and unified definition of the concept of SSN. The World Bank has one of the widest definitions, but multiple definitions are used by different scholars, institutions, and organizations such as the International Labor Organization (ILO) and ESCAP. This lead some scholars to go so far as to hold that there is no point in using the term SSN as it is rarely used consistently and are instead advocating that the different components of SSN are used for analysis rather than the term ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Welfare Spending
Welfare spending is a type of government support intended to ensure that members of a society can meet basic human needs such as food and shelter. Social security may either be synonymous with welfare, or refer specifically to social insurance programs which provide support only to those who have previously contributed (e.g. pensions), as opposed to ''social assistance'' programs which provide support on the basis of need alone (e.g. most disability benefits). The International Labour Organization defines social security as covering support for those in old age, support for the maintenance of children, medical treatment, parental and sick leave, unemployment and disability benefits, and support for sufferers of occupational injury. More broadly, welfare may also encompass efforts to provide a basic level of well-being through subsidized ''social services'' such as healthcare, education, infrastructure, vocational training, and public housing.''The New Fontana Diction ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economic History
Economic history is the study of history using methodological tools from economics or with a special attention to economic phenomena. Research is conducted using a combination of historical methods, statistical methods and the Applied economics, application of economic theory to historical situations and institutions. The field can encompass a wide variety of topics, including equality, finance, technology, labour, and business. It emphasizes historicizing the economy itself, analyzing it as a dynamic entity and attempting to provide insights into the way it is structured and conceived. Using both quantitative data and Qualitative data, qualitative sources, economic historians emphasize understanding the historical context in which major economic events take place. They often focus on the institutional dynamics of systems of Production (economics), production, Wage labour, labor, and Capital (economics), capital, as well as the economy's impact on society, culture, and language. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Security
Welfare spending is a type of government support intended to ensure that members of a society can meet basic human needs such as food and shelter. Social security may either be synonymous with welfare, or refer specifically to social insurance programs which provide support only to those who have previously contributed (e.g. pensions), as opposed to ''social assistance'' programs which provide support on the basis of need alone (e.g. most disability benefits). The International Labour Organization defines social security as covering support for those in old age, support for the maintenance of children, medical treatment, parental and sick leave, unemployment and disability benefits, and support for sufferers of occupational injury. More broadly, welfare may also encompass efforts to provide a basic level of well-being through subsidized ''social services'' such as healthcare, education, infrastructure, vocational training, and public housing.''The New Fontana Diction ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Employees' Trust Fund
The Employees' Trust Fund (ETF) is a social security programme established on 1 March 1981 under the Act No.46 of 1980 by the Parliament of the Sri Lanka. Contribution Where an employer first becomes liable under the provisions of this Act to contribute to the Fund in respect of any employee employed by such employer, such employee shall then become and continue to be a member of the Fund so long as there is any sum to the credit of his individual account in the Fund. Persons who are self-employed and migrant workers are also eligible to ETF membership on a voluntary basis. However the Domestic servants, Employees in religious, social or charitable institutions employing less than 10 employees, Industrial undertakings training juvenile offenders, orphans, or persons who are destitute, deaf or blind and Businesses where only family members are employed are considered as the exempts of the Act. A membership statement of account will be issued to members before 30 September ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
