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Sloboda
A sloboda was a type of settlement in the history of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. The name is derived from the early Slavic word for 'freedom' and may be loosely translated as 'free settlement'."Sloboda" '' Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary'' (1890–1906) History In the history of Russia, a ''sloboda'' was a settlement or a town district of people free of the power of boyars. Often these were settlements of tradesmen and artisans, and were named according to their trade, such as the yamshchiks' ''sl ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sloboda Ukraine
Sloboda Ukraine, also known locally as ''Slobozhanshchyna'' or ''Slobozhanshchina'', is a historical region in northeastern Ukraine and southwestern Russia. It developed from Belgorod Razriad and flourished in the 17th and 18th centuries on the southwestern frontier of the Tsardom of Russia. In 1765, it was converted into the Kharkov Governorate, Sloboda Ukraine Governorate. Etymology Its name derives from the term ''sloboda (settlement), sloboda'' for a colonial settlement free of tax obligations, and the word ''Name of Ukraine, Ukraine'' was used to refer to the area inhabited by Ukrainian Cossacks and settlers. The word ''Ukraine'' is often considered to originally refer to a 'borderland', a view supported by Russian, Ukrainian, and Western historians such as Orest Subtelny, Paul Magocsi, Omeljan Pritsak, Mykhailo Hrushevskyi, Ivan Ohiyenko, Petro Tolochko,Толочко П. П. «От Руси к Украине» («Від Русі до України») 1997 and others. It i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yamshchik
The ''yam'' or ''jam'' (), also called the ''örtöö'' (), was a Mongol postal system or supply point route messenger system. It was extensively used and expanded by Ögedei Khan and also used by subsequent great khans and khans. Relay stations provided food, shelter and spare horses for Mongol army messengers. Ögedei Khan gave special attention to the ''yam'' because Mongol armies travelled quickly; their messengers had to be even faster, and they covered per day. The system was used to speed up the process of information and intelligence. The system was preserved in Russia after the disintegration of the Golden Horde in the 15th century. Etymology The name ''yam'' dates back to the Tuoba period; the word ''ghiamchin'' ("post station staff") in the Tuoba language is related to the Mongolian word ''jamuchin'' and they both have the same meaning. The postal system had already been used for a long time by nomadic and semi-nomadic peoples. In addition, the Song, Liao and Jin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Quarter
The German Quarter (), also known as the Kukuy Quarter (), was a neighbourhood in the northeast of Moscow, located on the right bank of the Yauza River east of the former Kukuy Creek (hence the name Kukuy Quarter), within the present-day Basmanny District of Moscow. Its boundaries were defined by present-day Dobroslobodskaya Street and Bolshoy Demidovsky Lane (west, following the track of Kukuy creek), Spartakovskaya Street (north), and the Yauza River (south and east). Kukuy formed a wide pond west of present-day Elizavetinsky lane, on the site of the present-day Sokol stadium of Moscow State Technical University, which occupies the southern half of a former German settlement. Old German Quarter "German" Quarters developed in Moscow in the 16th century and were populated by foreigners from Western Europe (collectively called "Germans" by the Russian people (the Russian word for "German", , relates to the Russian word for "mute", ]) and by prisoners taken during the Livonian Wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belarus
Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Belarus spans an area of with a population of . The country has a hemiboreal climate and is administratively divided into Regions of Belarus, six regions. Minsk is the capital and List of cities and largest towns in Belarus, largest city; it is administered separately as a city with special status. For most of the medieval period, the lands of modern-day Belarus was ruled by independent city-states such as the Principality of Polotsk. Around 1300 these lands came fully under the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and subsequently by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth; this period lasted for 500 years until the Partitions of Poland, 1792-1795 partitions of Poland-Lithuania placed Belarus within the Belarusian history in the Russian Empire, Russian Empire for the fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agriculture
Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, and forestry for food and non-food products. Agriculture was a key factor in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in the cities. While humans started gathering grains at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers only began planting them around 11,500 years ago. Sheep, goats, pigs, and cattle were domesticated around 10,000 years ago. Plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions of the world. In the 20th century, industrial agriculture based on large-scale monocultures came to dominate agricultural output. , small farms produce about one-third of the world's food, but large farms are prevalent. The largest 1% of farms in the world are greater than and operate more than 70% of the world's farmland. Nearly 40% of agricultural land is found on farms larger than . However, five of every six farm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geography Of Russia
Russia () is the largest country in the world, covering over , and encompassing more than one-eighth of Earth's inhabited land area. Russia extends across eleven time zones, and has the most borders of any country in the world, with sixteen sovereign nations. Russia is a transcontinental country, stretching vastly over two continents, Europe and Asia. It spans the northernmost edge of Eurasia, and has the world's fourth-longest coastline, at . Russia, alongside Canada and the United States, is one of only three countries with a coast along three oceans (however connection to the Atlantic Ocean is extremely remote), due to which it has links with over thirteen marginal seas. It lies between latitudes 41° and 82° N, and longitudes 19° E and 169° W. Russia is larger than three continents of the world and has about the same surface area as Pluto. Russia encompasses, by far, the largest forest area of any country in the world. Global position and boundaries Kalining ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Types Of Populated Places
Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * Type (Unix), a command in POSIX shells that gives information about commands. * Type safety, the extent to which a programming language discourages or prevents type errors. * Type system, defines a programming language's response to data types. Mathematics * Type (model theory) * Type theory, basis for the study of type systems * Arity or type, the number of operands a function takes * Type, any proposition or set in the intuitionistic type theory * Type, of an entire function ** Exponential type Biology * Type (biology), which fixes a scientific name to a taxon * Dog type, categorization by use or function of domestic dogs Lettering * Type is a design concept for lettering used in typography which helped bring about modern te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Free City
A royal free city, or free royal city (Latin: ''libera regia civitas''), was the official term for the most important cities in the Kingdom of Hungary from the late 12th centuryBácskai Vera – Nagy Lajos: Piackörzetek, piacközpontok és városok Magyarországon 1828-ban. Budapest, 1984. to the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. The cities were granted certain privileges by the King of Hungary to prevent their control by the Hungarian nobility, hence "royal", and exercised some self-government in relation to their internal affairs and so were "free". From the late 14th century, the elected envoys of the royal free cities participated in the sessions of the Diet of Hungary, Hungarian Diet and so they became part of the legislature. This list also includes cities in the Kingdom of Croatia (other), Kingdom of Croatia and the Banate of Bosnia, which were part of the Lands of the Hungarian Crown. The term "royal free city" in the kingdom's languages is as follows: * * * * * * * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lhota
Lhota is a Czech geographical name. It is the most common name for villages in the Czech Republic. Geography There are 309 villages that contain Lhota or Lhotka (diminutive form of Lhota) in their name, which makes it the most common name of villages in the Czech Republic. In addition, there are dozens of villages with derivations of those names (Lhotice, Lhoty, Lhůta and Lhůty in the Czech Republic, Lehota and Lehôtka in Slovakia). The largest Lhotas are Dolní Lhota and Komorní Lhotka in the Moravian-Silesian Region, and Francova Lhota and Ostrožská Lhota in the Zlín Region, all of which have about 1,500 inhabitants. History and etymology Lhotas were founded during the Middle Ages colonization in Bohemia, Moravia and Slovakia. Most of them were founded in the 13th century and the first half of the 14th century. The name was first mentioned in 1199, but this first documented Lhota was later renamed Svatý Jiří. The inhabitants of newly-founded villages had obligat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wola (settlement)
Wola (, plural ''wole'', Latin: ''libera villa'', ''libertas'') was a name given to agricultural villages in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that appeared as early as the first half of the 13th century and historically constituted a separate category of settlements in Poland, by comparison to others, in terms of the populace that settled them and of the freedoms that were granted. These settlers were given plots of land and exemption for a certain number of years (up to 20) from all rents, fees, and taxes, and in most cases separate institutions and charters based on either the Magdeburg law, or its local variants. The names ''Wola'' and ''Wolka'' ("Little Wola"), usually qualified by an adjective, form the names of hundreds of villages in Poland. The practice of establishing ''wole'' is known as ''Wolnizna'' in Polish and used to be known as ''lgota'' or 'ligota", which in Old Polish means "relief", referring to tax reliefs for settlers. Accordingly, quite a few Polish sett ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to the east, and the Black Sea to the southeast. It has a mainly continental climate, and an area of with a population of 19 million people. Romania is the List of European countries by area, twelfth-largest country in Europe and the List of European Union member states by population, sixth-most populous member state of the European Union. Europe's second-longest river, the Danube, empties into the Danube Delta in the southeast of the country. The Carpathian Mountains cross Romania from the north to the southwest and include Moldoveanu Peak, at an altitude of . Bucharest is the country's Bucharest metropolitan area, largest urban area and Economy of Romania, financial centre. Other major urban centers, urban areas include Cluj-Napoca, Timiș ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slobozia
Slobozia () is the capital city of Ialomița County, Muntenia, Romania, with a population of 41,550 in 2021. Etymology Its name is from the Romanian "slobozie", which meant a recently colonized village which was free of taxation. The word itself comes from the Slavic word "slobod" which means "free". As it is located in the middle of flat land (Bărăgan Plain), it was very vulnerable to Tatar and Ottoman incursions. To encourage peasants to settle there, they were exempted from some taxes, hence the name. Geography Slobozia lies roughly in the middle of the county, on the banks of Ialomița River, at about east of Bucharest and west of Constanța, important port at the Black Sea. The city is within of the Bucharest-Constanța A2 Motorway (Autostrada Soarelui). The total area of the municipality is . In the present administrative form, Slobozia consists of Slobozia proper and the neighbourhoods of Bora and Slobozia Nouă. Economy The main activity in the area is agric ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
