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Sistema Cheve
Sistema Cheve ( ; ) is a deep cave located in the Sierra Juárez mountain range in the southern Mexico state of Oaxaca. As of June 2023, its deepest point has been measured at deep, This makes it the second deepest known cavern in Mexico and the Americas, as well as the world's 11th deepest cave. More than of passageways have been mapped within the cave. , the present limit of exploration in Cheve, at from the nearest entrance, represents one of the most remote locations ever attained inside any cave on Earth. The logistics of reaching this point are enormous: more than two kilometers of rope need to be rigged and seven underground camps established. Cheve is the deepest proven freshwater hydrological system in the world. Temperatures in Cheve are moderate, ranging from . It has been most thoroughly explored under the leadership of caver Bill Stone. Exploration history In modern times, Cheve was discovered in the mid-1980s by Bill Farr and Carol Vesely. Since then it has bee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sierra Juárez, Oaxaca
The Sierra Juárez is a range of mountains in Oaxaca state, Mexico between latitudes 17°20'-17°50'N and longitudes 96°15'-97°00'W, with an area of about . It is part of the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca. The range is separated from the Sierra de Zongólica to the north by the Santo Domingo River, flowing through the Tecomavaca Canyon. It stretches south-eastward to the Cajones River and the Sierra de Villa Alta. The mountains are in the district of Ixtlán de Juárez in the Sierra Norte de Oaxaca region. The range is named after Mexico's only indigenous president, Benito Juárez, who was born here in 1806 in the small village of San Pablo Guelatao. The heavily wooded area is about from the city of Oaxaca on Federal highway 175, heading towards Tuxtepec. Terrain and climate The mountains climb from , with many large and deep ravines. They are formed of folded sedimentary rocks with series of younger granitic intrusions that date from the Palaeozoic to Cenozoic, with the major ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obsidian
Obsidian ( ) is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed when lava extrusive rock, extruded from a volcano cools rapidly with minimal crystal growth. It is an igneous rock. Produced from felsic lava, obsidian is rich in the lighter elements such as silicon, oxygen, aluminium, sodium, and potassium. It is commonly found within the margins of rhyolite, rhyolitic lava flows known as obsidian flows. These flows have a high content of silicon dioxide, silica, giving them a high viscosity. The high viscosity inhibits the atomic diffusion, diffusion of atoms through the lava, which inhibits the first step (nucleation) in the formation of mineral crystals. Together with rapid cooling, this results in a natural glass forming from the lava. Obsidian is hard, Brittleness, brittle, and amorphous; it therefore Fracture (mineralogy)#Conchoidal fracture, fractures with sharp edges. In the past, it was used to manufacture cutting and piercing tools, and it has been used experimentally as s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limestone Caves
Limestone is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of calcium carbonate . Limestone forms when these minerals precipitate out of water containing dissolved calcium. This can take place through both biological and nonbiological processes, though biological processes, such as the accumulation of corals and shells in the sea, have likely been more important for the last 540 million years. Limestone often contains fossils which provide scientists with information on ancient environments and on the evolution of life. About 20% to 25% of sedimentary rock is carbonate rock, and most of this is limestone. The remaining carbonate rock is mostly dolomite, a closely related rock, which contains a high percentage of the mineral dolomite, . ''Magnesian limestone'' is an obsolete and poorly-defined term used variously for dolomite, for limeston ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landforms Of Oaxaca
A landform is a land feature on the solid surface of the Earth or other planetary body. They may be natural or may be anthropogenic (caused or influenced by human activity). Landforms together make up a given terrain, and their arrangement in the landscape is known as topography. Landforms include hills, mountains, canyons, and valleys, as well as shoreline features such as bays, peninsulas, and seas, including submerged features such as mid-ocean ridges, volcanoes, and the great oceanic basins. Physical characteristics Landforms are categorized by characteristic physical attributes such as elevation, slope, orientation, structure stratification, rock exposure, and soil type. Gross physical features or landforms include intuitive elements such as berms, cliffs, hills, mounds, peninsulas, ridges, rivers, valleys, volcanoes, and numerous other structural and size-scaled (e.g. ponds vs. lakes, hills vs. mountains) elements including various kinds of inland and oceanic waterbodi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caves Of Mexico
Caves or caverns are natural voids under the Earth's surface. Caves often form by the weathering of rock and often extend deep underground. Exogene caves are smaller openings that extend a relatively short distance underground (such as rock shelters). Caves which extend further underground than the opening is wide are called endogene caves. Speleology is the science of exploration and study of all aspects of caves and the cave environment. Visiting or exploring caves for recreation may be called ''caving'', ''potholing'', or ''spelunking''. Formation types The formation and development of caves is known as ''speleogenesis''; it can occur over the course of millions of years. Caves can range widely in size, and are formed by various geological processes. These may involve a combination of chemical processes, erosion by water, tectonic forces, microorganisms, pressure, and atmospheric influences. Isotopic dating techniques can be applied to cave sediments, to determine the time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Deepest Caves
A list is a set of discrete items of information collected and set forth in some format for utility, entertainment, or other purposes. A list may be memorialized in any number of ways, including existing only in the mind of the list-maker, but lists are frequently written down on paper, or maintained electronically. Lists are "most frequently a tool", and "one does not ''read'' but only ''uses'' a list: one looks up the relevant information in it, but usually does not need to deal with it as a whole". Lucie Doležalová,The Potential and Limitations of Studying Lists, in Lucie Doležalová, ed., ''The Charm of a List: From the Sumerians to Computerised Data Processing'' (2009). Purpose It has been observed that, with a few exceptions, "the scholarship on lists remains fragmented". David Wallechinsky, a co-author of '' The Book of Lists'', described the attraction of lists as being "because we live in an era of overstimulation, especially in terms of information, and lists help ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Caves In Mexico
This is a list of caves in Mexico (not just archaeological): Archaic era * Guila Naquitz Cave (Oaxaca, c.8000-6700BC) * Cueva de la Olla ( Chihuahua, c.5500 BC) * Nogales Cave (Tamaulipas, c. 5000-3000 BC) * Coxcatlan Cave (Tehuacan Valley, Puebla, 5000-3400 BC) * La Perra Cave (Tamaulipas, c. 3000-2200 BC) * Frightful Cave (Central Mexican Highlands, c. 7500 BC-185 AD) Middle preclassic era * Juxtlahuaca (Guerrero, Olmec-style painting cave) * Oxtotitlan (Guerrero, Olmec-style painting cave) Late preclassic era * Loltun Cave (Yucatán, a painting cave of Maya civilization) Postclassic era * Balank'anche Cave (Yucatán, people offered a worship to Rain God and Xipe Totec with Toltec-style censers) Modern era * Cacahuamilpa Cave ( Grutas de Cacahuamilpa National Park, Guerrero) * Chevé Cave (Oaxaca) * Chiquihuitillos (Nuevo León) * Grutas de García (Nuevo León) * Naica Crystal Caves ( Chihuahua), largest gypsum crystals in the world * Sistema Dos Ojos (Quintan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Caves
This is a list of caves of the world that have articles or that are properly cited. They are sorted by continent and then country. Caves which are in overseas territories on a different continent than the home country are sorted by the territory's continent and name. Africa Algeria * Aïn Taïba * Anou Achra Lemoun * Anou Boussouil * Anou Ifflis * Anou Timedouine * Gueldaman caves * Ghar Boumâaza (Rivière De La Tafna) * Grotte de Cervantes * Kef Al Kaous Botswana * Gcwihaba * Tsodilo#Rhino Cave, Rhino Cave Cameroon * Gouffre de Mbilibekon * Grottes de Linté * Grotte de Loung * Grotte de Mfouda * Grotte FovuFovu à Baham – Les grottes sacrées des Hautes Terres de L'Ouest Cameroun Grottesducameroun.org. Retrieved 15 September 2011. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krubera Cave
Krubera Cave ( Abkhaz: Ӡоу Аҳаҧы; ka, კრუბერის გამოქვაბული or კრუბერის ღრმული, tr; also known as Voronya Cave, sometimes spelled Voronja Cave) is the deepest known cave on Earth. It is located in the Arabika Massif of the Gagra Range of the Western Caucasus, in the Gagra District of Abkhazia, a disputed region of Georgia (country), Georgia. The difference in elevation of the highest cave entrance (Arbaika) and its deepest explored point is . It became the deepest known cave in the world in 2003 when the Ukrainian Speleological Association reached a depth of . This exceeded the previous record, Lamprechtsofen in the Austrian Alps, by . In 2006, for the first time in the history of speleology, the Ukrainian Speleological Association expedition reached a depth greater than 2,000 m (6,560 ft), and explored the cave to . Ukrainian diver Gennadiy Samokhin extended the cave by diving in the termina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuicatec People
The Cuicatecs are an Indigenous people of Mexico. The Cuicatecs traditionally speak the Cuicatec language and are closely related to the Mixtecs. Alongside the Trique and Mixtecan, the Cuicatecs form one branch of the Otomanguean language family. They inhabit two towns in the state of Oaxaca: Teutila and Tepeuxila. According to the 2012 census, they number around 12,785, of whom an estimated 65% are speakers of the language. The name Cuicatec is a Nahuatl exonym An endonym (also known as autonym ) is a common, name for a group of people, individual person, geographical place, language, or dialect, meaning that it is used inside a particular group or linguistic community to identify or designate them ..., from 'song' 'inhabitant of place of'.Campbell 1997:402) References External links Cuicatec peopleon ILV México. {{Authority control Indigenous peoples in Mexico ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Classic Period
Mesoamerican chronology divides the history of prehispanic Mesoamerica into several periods: the Paleo-Indian (first human habitation until 3500 BCE); the Archaic (before 2600 BCE), the Preclassic or Formative (2500 BCE – 250 CE), the Classic (250–900 CE), and the Postclassic (); as well as the post European contact Colonial Period (1521–1821), and Postcolonial, or the period after independence from Spain (1821–present). The periodisation of Mesoamerica by researchers is based on archaeological, ethnohistorical, and modern cultural anthropology research dating to the early twentieth century. Archaeologists, ethnohistorians, historians, and cultural anthropologists continue to work to develop cultural histories of the region. Overview Paleo-Indian period 18000–8000 BCE The Paleo-Indian (less frequently, '' Lithic'') period or era is that which spans from the first signs of human presence in the region, which many believe to have happen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Postclassic Period
Late or LATE may refer to: Everyday usage * Tardy, or late, not being on time * Late (or the late) may refer to a person who is dead Music * ''Late'' (The 77s album), 2000 * Late (Alvin Batiste album), 1993 * Late!, a pseudonym used by Dave Grohl on his ''Pocketwatch'' album * Late (rapper), an underground rapper from Wolverhampton * "Late", a song by Kanye West from ''Late Registration'' Other uses * Late (Tonga), an uninhabited volcanic island southwest of Vavau in the kingdom of Tonga * "Late" (''The Handmaid's Tale''), a television episode * LaTe, Oy Laivateollisuus Ab, a defunct shipbuilding company * Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, a proposed form of dementia * Local-authority trading enterprise, a New Zealand business law * Local average treatment effect, a concept in econometrics * Late, a synonym for ''cooler'' in stellar classification See also * * * ''Lates'', a genus of fish in the lates perch family * Later (other) Later may refer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
