|
Shapsug National Raion
The Shapsug national district or Shapsug national raion ( ''Šapsyġe Nacionalne Rajon'', ''Šapsugskij nacional′nyj rajon'') was a district that was established in 1924 as a national district ''(raion)'' for the Circassian people, Circassian Shapsugs tribe of the Black Sea Circassians () within the Krasnodar Krai in the Soviet Union, now Russia. It was abolished after the end of the Second World War in 1945. History In 1864, after the end of the century-long Russian–Circassian War between the Circassians (Adyghes) who formed the historical population of Circassia and the Russian Empire, a major part of the Shapsugs, who lived on Black Sea coast from modern Sochi to Tuapse, were either killed in the Circassian genocide or expelled to the Ottoman Empire like the other Circassian tribes. Because the Shapsugs were one of the most stubborn enemies of the Russian Empire, they suffered more than the other Circassian tribes. They were the last of their alliance to surrender to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raion
A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French (meaning 'honeycomb, department'), and is commonly translated as ' district' in English. A raion is a standardized administrative entity across most of the former Soviet Union and is usually a subdivision two steps below the national level, such as a subdivision of an oblast. However, in smaller USSR republics, it could be the primary level of administrative division. After the fall of the Soviet Union, some of the republics kept the ''raion'' (e.g. Azerbaijan, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan) while others dropped it (e.g. Georgia, Uzbekistan, Estonia, Latvia, Armenia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan). In Bulgaria, it refers to an internal administrative subdivision of a city not related to the administrative division of the country as a whole, or, in the ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |