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Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group
The Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group (SPCG) is a group of scientific researchers who have conducted a series of clinical trials of treatments for prostate cancer. The group was founded in 1981 and the first study, SPCG-1, began in 1984. Clinical trials The studies conducted by the SPCG include the following: * SPCG-1 – estramustine phosphate versus diethylstilbestrol for high-risk advanced prostate cancer * SPCG-2 – orchiectomy plus cyproterone acetate versus placebo for metastatic prostate cancer * SPCG-3 – cancelled * SPCG-4 – radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting for localized prostate cancer * SPCG-5 – polyestradiol phosphate versus triptorelin or orchiectomy plus flutamide for advanced prostate cancer * SPCG-6 – bicalutamide monotherapy versus standard care (watchful waiting) for localized prostate cancer * SPCG-7 – endocrine therapy with versus without radiotherapy for locally advanced prostate cancer, locally advanced or aggressive cancer, aggressive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scientific Researcher
The scientific method is an Empirical evidence, empirical method for acquiring knowledge that has been referred to while doing science since at least the 17th century. Historically, it was developed through the centuries from the ancient and medieval world. The scientific method involves careful observation coupled with rigorous skepticism, because Philosophy of science#Observation inseparable from theory, cognitive assumptions can distort the interpretation of the Perception#Process and terminology, observation. Scientific inquiry includes creating a testable hypothesis through inductive reasoning, testing it through experiments and statistical analysis, and adjusting or discarding the hypothesis based on the results. Although procedures vary across Branches of science, fields, the underlying #Process, process is often similar. In more detail: the scientific method involves making conjectures (hypothetical explanations), predicting the logical consequences of hypothesis, then ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radiotherapy
Radiation therapy or radiotherapy (RT, RTx, or XRT) is a treatment using ionizing radiation, generally provided as part of cancer therapy to either kill or control the growth of malignant cells. It is normally delivered by a linear particle accelerator. Radiation therapy may be curative in a number of types of cancer if they are localized to one area of the body, and have not spread to other parts. It may also be used as part of adjuvant therapy, to prevent tumor recurrence after surgery to remove a primary malignant tumor (for example, early stages of breast cancer). Radiation therapy is synergistic with chemotherapy, and has been used before, during, and after chemotherapy in susceptible cancers. The subspecialty of oncology concerned with radiotherapy is called radiation oncology. A physician who practices in this subspecialty is a radiation oncologist. Radiation therapy is commonly applied to the cancerous tumor because of its ability to control cell growth. Ionizin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clinical Trial Organizations
Clinical may refer to: Healthcare * Of or about a clinic, a healthcare facility * Of or about the practice of medicine Other uses * ''Clinical'' (film), a 2017 American horror thriller See also * * * Clinical chemistry, the analysis of bodily fluids for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes * Clinical death, the cessation of blood circulation and breathing * Clinical formulation, a theoretically-based explanation of information obtained from clinical assessment * Clinical governance, a systematic approach to maintaining and improving the quality of patient care * Clinical linguistics, linguistics applied to speech-language pathology * Clinical psychology, the understanding, preventing, and relieving psychologically-based distress or dysfunction * Clinical research, to determine the safety and effectiveness of medications etc. * Clinical significance, the practical importance of a treatment effect * Clinical trial, experiments or observations done in clinical research * Clinical w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FinnProstate Group
The FinnProstate Group (FP), or FinnProstate Study Group, is a group of scientific researchers in Finland who have conducted a series of clinical trials of treatments for prostate cancer. The first publication by the group was in 1985 and the latest publication was in 2019. Clinical trials The studies conducted by the FinnProstate group include the following: * FinnProstate-1 (FinnProstate-I; Finnish Multicentre Study of Prostatic Cancer) – ethinylestradiol 150 μg/day (1 mg/day initially) plus polyestradiol phosphate 80 mg/month (160 mg/month initially) versus orchiectomy for advanced prostate cancer * FinnProstate-2 (FinnProstate-II) – polyestradiol phosphate 160 mg/month (with or without low-dose aspirin) versus orchiectomy for advanced prostate cancer * FinnProstate-3 (FinnProstate-III) – cancelled * FinnProstate-4 (FinnProstate-IV) – polyestradiol phosphate 160 mg/month versus buserelin (with cyproterone acetate 300 mg/day initial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Combined Androgen Blockade
Maximum or maximal androgen blockade (MAB) or complete or combined androgen blockade (CAB) is a medical treatment involving the combination of both androgen receptor (AR) antagonism and inhibition or suppression of androgen production to attain maximal effectiveness in androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). An example of MAB is the combination of bicalutamide, an AR antagonist, with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue such as leuprorelin or cetrorelix. MAB was developed for and is employed in the treatment of prostate cancer. Triple androgen blockade (TrAB) is a method of ADT in which a 5α-reductase inhibitor such as finasteride or dutasteride is added to CAB. MAB has been found to produce higher rates of gynecomastia (7 to 28%) than orchiectomy and GnRH analogues alone (1 to 16%), but lower rates than nonsteroidal antiandrogen monotherapy such as with bicalutamide Bicalutamide, sold under the brand name Casodex among others, is an antiandrogen medication that i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Literature Review
A literature review is an overview of previously published works on a particular topic. The term can refer to a full scholarly paper or a section of a scholarly work such as books or articles. Either way, a literature review provides the researcher/author and the audiences with general information of an existing knowledge of a particular topic. A good literature review has a proper research question, a proper theoretical framework, and/or a chosen research methodology. It serves to situate the current study within the body of the relevant literature and provides context for the reader. In such cases, the review usually precedes the methodology and results sections of the work. Producing a literature review is often part of a graduate and post-graduate requirement, included in the preparation of a thesis, dissertation, or a journal article. Literature reviews are also common in a research proposal or prospectus (the document approved before a student formally begins a dissert ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early Prostate Cancer (clinical Programme)
The Early Prostate Cancer (EPC) programme was a large clinical trial programme of monotherapy with the nonsteroidal antiandrogen bicalutamide (Casodex) plus standard care versus standard care alone in men with early prostate cancer. It was started in August 1995, with the first analysis published in 2002 and the final follow-up published in 2010. The programme consisted of three large randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in which a total of 8,113men with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer were treated with 150mg/day bicalutamide plus standard care (watchful waiting, radical prostatectomy, or radiation therapy) (n=4052) or given placebo (standard care alone) (n=4061). It constituted the largest clinical trial of prostate cancer treatment to have ever been conducted at the time. The three trials in the EPC programme were as follows: * Trial 23 (North America; n=3292) * Trial 24 (Europe, Australia, Israel, South Africa, and Mexico; n=3603) * Trial 25 (Sca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cancer Recurrence
Recurrent cancer is any form of cancer that has returned or recurred when a fraction of primary tumor cells evade the effects of Treatment of cancer, treatment and survive in small spaces that are undetectable by diagnostic tests. The initial tumor may become the site of cancer’s return or it may spread to another part of the body. These surviving cells accumulate various genetic changes over time, eventually producing a new tumor cell. It can take up to weeks, months, or even years for cancer to return. Following surgery and/or chemotherapy or Radiation therapy, radiotherapy, certain tumor cells may persist and develop resistance to treatment and eventually develop into new tumors. The rate of cancer recurrence is determined by many factors, including age, sex, cancer type, treatment duration, stage of advancement, grade of original tumor, and cancer-specific risk factors. If recurrent cancer has already moved to other body parts or has developed chemo-resistance then it may be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Androgen Deprivation Therapy
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), also called androgen ablation therapy or androgen suppression therapy, is an antihormone therapy whose main use is in treating prostate cancer. Prostate cancer cells usually require androgen, androgen hormones, such as testosterone, to grow. ADT reduces the levels of androgen hormones, with pharmaceutical drug, drugs or surgery, to prevent the prostate cancer cells from growing. The pharmaceutical approaches include antiandrogens and chemical castration. Several studies have concluded that ADT has demonstrated benefit in patients with metastatic disease, and as an adjunct to radiation therapy in patients with locally advanced disease, as well as those with unfavorable intermediate-risk or high-risk localized disease. However, in patients with low-risk prostate cancer, ADT has demonstrated no survival advantage, and significant harm, such as impotence, diabetes and bone loss. The therapy can also eliminate cancer cells by inducing androgen depriv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Docetaxel
Docetaxel (DTX or DXL), sold under the brand name Taxotere among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer. This includes breast cancer, head and neck cancer, stomach cancer, prostate cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer. It may be used by itself or along with other chemotherapy medication. It is given by intravenous infusion, slow injection into a vein. Common side effects include hair loss, cytopenia (low blood cell counts), numbness, shortness of breath, Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, nausea, vomiting, and muscle pains. Other severe side effects include allergic reactions and future cancers. Docetaxel induced pneumotoxicity is also a well recognized adverse effect which has to be identified timely and treated after withholding the drug. Side effects are more common in people with liver problems. Use during pregnancy may harm the baby. Docetaxel is in the taxane family of medications. It works by disrupting the normal function o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bone Metastasis
Bone metastasis, or osseous metastatic disease, is a category of cancer metastases that result from primary tumor invasions into bones. Bone-originating primary tumors such as osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma are rare; the most common bone tumor is a metastasis. Bone metastases can be classified as Osteolytic lesion, osteolytic, osteoblastic, or both. Unlike Hematological malignancy, hematologic malignancies which originate in the blood and form non-solid tumors, bone metastases generally arise from epithelium, epithelial tumors and form a solid mass inside the bone. Primary breast cancer patients are particularly vulnerable to develop bone metastases. Bone metastases, especially in a state of advanced disease, can cause severe pain, characterized by a dull, constant ache with periodic spikes of incident pain. Types of lesions Under normal conditions, bone undergoes continuous remodeling through osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone depos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
