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Sargis Mehrabyan
Sargis Mehrabyan (), also known as Commander Vartan, Vartan of Khanasor and Vartan Mehrpanian, was an Armenian fedayee military commander and member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation.Tasnapetean, Hrach. ''History of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, Dashnaktsutiun, 1890–1924'' Biography Sargis Mehrabyan was one of the founding members of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation party and a close friend of leaders Kristapor Mikayelian and Simon Zavarian. In the 1890s, he directed party activity in Iranian Azerbaijan, where he organized the transfer of people and supplies of weapons to fight against Ottoman Turkey. His was commonly known by his ''nom de guerre'' Vartan. At the time of the Hamidian massacres in the summer of 1896, he led the defense of villages in the region of the current Catak district in Western Armenia (now Turkey) and the Van province. The following year, he was one of the leaders, along with Prince Hovsep Arghutian, who headed the Khanasor Exped ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arshak Gafavian
Arshak Gavafian, better known by his ''nom de guerre'' Keri (1858 – 15 May 1916), was an Armenian fedayee military commander and member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation.Antranig Chalabian, General Andranik and the Armenian Revolutionary Movement - Page 583 Biography Arshak Gavafian was born in Erzurum. He graduated from the local Armenian school. Gavafian had soon taken part in Armenian resistance activity. In 1895, during the Hamidian massacres in Erzurum, Gavafian led an armed group to protect Armenian people in the region and soon became their spiritual leader.K. S. Khudaverdyan, Armenian issue: Encyclopedia, 1991 - 348st; Gavafian moved to Sasun in 1903 and took part in the 1904 Sasun uprising. After moving to Vaspurakan, he was one of the organizers of the Armenian self-defense of Zangezur (in particular, Angeghakot) during the Armenian–Tatar massacres. In the following years he took part in the Persian Constitutional Revolution from 1908 to 1912 and w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenia
Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia. It is a part of the Caucasus region and is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia (country), Georgia to the north and Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Nakhchivan to the south. Yerevan is the Capital city, capital, largest city and Economy of Armenia, financial center. The Armenian Highlands has been home to the Hayasa-Azzi, Shupria and Nairi. By at least 600 BC, an archaic form of Proto-Armenian language, Proto-Armenian, an Indo-European languages, Indo-European language, had diffused into the Armenian Highlands.Robert Drews (2017). ''Militarism and the Indo-Europeanizing of Europe''. Routledge. . p. 228: "The vernacular of the Great Kingdom of Biainili was quite certainly Armenian. The Armenian language was obviously the region's vernacular in the fifth century BC, when Persian commanders and Greek writers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Van (city)
A van is a road vehicle. Van, VAN and other capitalizations may refer to: People and fictional characters * Van (Dutch), ''van'' (Dutch), a common prefix in Dutch language surnames * Van (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name or nickname * Van (surname), including a list of people Places Canada * Vancouver, largest city in British Columbia Iran * Van, Iran a village Turkey * Lake Van, a lake in eastern Turkey * Kingdom of Van, an Iron Age civilization centered on Lake Van (860–590 BC) * Van, Turkey, a city on the east shore of Lake Van * Van Province, a modern Turkish province ** Van (electoral district), the electoral district of the province ** Eyalet of Van, the province during the Ottoman Empire (1548–1864) ** Van Vilayet, the province during the later Ottoman period (1875–1922) United Kingdom * Van, Caerphilly, a suburb east of Caerphilly, Wales * Van, Llanidloes, a hamlet in Wales United States * Van, Arkansas, an uni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caucasus Campaign
The Caucasus campaign comprised armed conflicts between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire, later including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus, the German Empire, the Central Caspian Dictatorship, and the British Empire, as part of the Middle Eastern theatre during World War I. The Caucasus campaign extended from the South Caucasus to the Armenian Highlands region, reaching as far as Trabzon, Bitlis, Mush and Van. The land warfare was accompanied by naval engagements in the Black Sea. The Russian military campaign started on 1 November 1914 with the Russian invasion of Turkish Armenia. In February 1917, the Russian advance was halted following the Russian Revolution. The Russian Caucasus Army soon disintegrated and was replaced by the forces of the newly established Transcaucasian state, comprising partly of Armenian volunteer units and irregular units which had previously been part of the Russian Army. During 1918 t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Russian Army
The Imperial Russian Army () was the army of the Russian Empire, active from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was organized into a standing army and a state militia. The standing army consisted of Regular army, regular troops and two forces that served on separate regulations: the Cossacks, Cossack troops and the Islam in Russia, Muslim troops. A regular Russian army existed after the end of the Great Northern War in 1721.День Сухопутных войск России. Досье [''Day of the Ground Forces of Russia. Dossier''] (in Russian). TASS. 31 August 2015. During his reign, Peter the Great accelerated the modernization of Russia's armed forces, including with a decree in 1699 that created the basis for recruiting soldiers, military regulations for the organization of the a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First World War
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting took place mainly in European theatre of World War I, Europe and the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle East, as well as in parts of African theatre of World War I, Africa and the Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I, Asia-Pacific, and in Europe was characterised by trench warfare; the widespread use of Artillery of World War I, artillery, machine guns, and Chemical weapons in World War I, chemical weapons (gas); and the introductions of Tanks in World War I, tanks and Aviation in World War I, aircraft. World War I was one of the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflicts in history, resulting in an estimated World War I casualties, 10 million military dead and more than 20 million wounded, plus some 10 million civilian de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamidiye (cavalry)
The ''Hamidiye'' regiments (literally meaning "belonging to Hamid", full official name ''Hamidiye Hafif Süvari Alayları'', Hamidiye Light Cavalry Regiments) were well-armed, irregular, mainly Sunni Kurdish but also Turkish, Circassian,Palmer, Alan, ''Verfall und Untergang des Osmanischen Reiches'', Heyne, München 1994 (engl. Original: London 1992), pp. 249, 258, 389. .Van Bruinessen, Martin''Agha, Shaikh and State - The Social and Political Structures of Kurdistan'' London: Zed Books, 1992, p. 185. Van Bruinessen mentions the "occasional" recruiting of a Turkish tribe (the Qarapapakh) Turkmen, Shaw, Stanford J. and Ezel Kural Shaw, ''History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977, vol. 2, p. 246. Yörük,Öhrig, Bruno, ''Meinungen und Materialien zur Geschichte der Karakeçili Anatoliens'', in: Matthias S. Laubscher (Ed.), Münchener Ethnologische Abhandlungen, 20, Akademischer Verlag, München 1998 (Edition Anacon), zuglei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hovsep Arghutian
Prince Hovsep Arghutian (; 1863 – 1925), also known as Khanasori Ishkhan and Ishkhan Arghutian, was an Armenian military commander and political activist. Biography Hovsep Arghutian was born in Sanahin, Tiflis Governorate, Russian Empire to an aristocratic family. His family drew its descent from the Armenian Argutinsky-Dolgorukov noble family. Arghutian graduated from the Nersisian Seminary in Tiflis and was a school teacher in the village of Jalaloghly (now Stepanavan, Armenia). In the late 1880s, he took up an active role in the Armenian affairs in the Ottoman Empire. In 1889, he made his way into the empire's eastern Anatolian provinces, where he worked with underground revolutionary groups, including the leader Arabo. He participated in the 1897 Khanasor Expedition. Afterward, he was arrested as a Russian citizen by Persian authorities and sent to Vologda, but was soon released. During the 1905-1907 Armenian-Tatar disturbances, he helped organized Armenian self-d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Armenia
Western Armenia (Western Armenian: Արեւմտեան Հայաստան, ''Arevmdian Hayasdan'') is a term to refer to the western parts of the Armenian highlands located within Turkey (formerly the Ottoman Empire) that comprise the historical homeland of the Armenians. Western Armenia, also referred to as Byzantine Armenia, emerged following the division of Greater Armenia between the Byzantine Empire (Western Armenia) and Sassanid Persia ( Eastern Armenia) in AD 387. Since the Armenian genocide, the Armenian diaspora as well as Armenians indigenous to modern Turkey have sought political representation in Western Armenia or reunification with the Republic of Armenia. The area was conquered by the Ottomans in the 16th century during the Ottoman–Safavid War (1532–1555) against their Iranian Safavid arch-rivals. Being passed on from the former to the latter, Ottoman rule over the region became only decisive after the Ottoman–Safavid War of 1623–1639. The area th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamidian Massacres
The Hamidian massacres also called the Armenian massacres, were massacres of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire in the mid-1890s. Estimated casualties ranged from 100,000 to 300,000, Akçam, Taner (2006) '' A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility'' p. 42, Metropolitan Books, New York resulting in 50,000 orphaned children. The massacres are named after Sultan Abdul Hamid II, who, in his efforts to maintain the imperial domain of the declining Ottoman Empire, reasserted pan-Islamism as a state ideology. Although the massacres were aimed mainly at the Armenians, in some cases they turned into indiscriminate anti-Christian pogroms, including the Diyarbekir massacres, where, at least according to one contemporary source, up to 25,000 Assyrians were also killed.. The massacres began in the Ottoman interior in 1894, before they became more widespread in the following years. The majority of the murders took place between 1894 and 1896. The massa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nom De Guerre
A ''nom de guerre'' (, 'war name') is a pseudonym chosen by someone to use when they are involved in a particular activity, especially fighting in a war. In Ancien régime, ''ancien régime'' Kingdom of France, France it would be adopted by each new recruit (or assigned to them by the captain of their company) as they enlisted in the French army. These pseudonyms had an official character and were the predecessor of Dog tag, identification numbers: soldiers were identified by their first names, their family names, and their ''noms de guerre'' (e. g. ''Jean Amarault dit Lafidélité''). These pseudonyms were usually related to the soldier's place of origin (e. g. ''Jean Deslandes dit Champigny'', for a soldier coming from a town named Champigny-sous-Varennes, Champigny), or to a particular physical or personal trait (e. g. ''Antoine Bonnet dit Prettaboire'', for a soldier ''prêt à boire'', ready to drink). In 1716, a ''nom de guerre'' was mandatory for every soldier; officers did n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simon Zavarian
Simon Zavarian (Armenian: , also known by his ''nom de guerre'' Anton, ; 1866 – 1913) also spelled Simon Zavaryan, was an Armenian political leader and an important leader of the Armenian national liberation movement and one of the three founders of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, along with Christapor Mikaelian and Stepan Zorian. Biography Zavarian was born in the village of Igahat in the Tiflis Governorate of the Russian Empire (now Aygehat in Lori Province, Armenia). He graduated from the Nersisian School in Tiflis, then attended the Petrovsky Agricultural Academy in Moscow, where he met Christapor Mikaelian and Stepan Zorian. In Moscow, he became a member of the Russian revolutionary organization Narodnaya Volya. He later settled in Tiflis, where he co-founded the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF) with Christapor Mikaelian and Stepan Zorian in 1890. Zavarian played a prominent role in the creation of the party's plans and rules and served as the executive off ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
