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Salvia Polystachia
''Salvia polystachia'', also spelt ''Salvia polystachya'', is a herbaceous perennial native to central Mexico and south through Central America into Panama, typically growing at elevations from 5,000 to 10,000 feet in mild climates where there is some summer rain. It is one of the species used as ''chia'' and it is rarely seen in horticulture. Description ''Salvia polystachia'' grows up to in one season, preferring the shelter of other plants because the stems become very brittle. It blooms in late summer or early fall, with flowers that are violet-blue at the edge and fading to white at the center. Many short and slender spikes with verticils of tightly held flowers give the plant its specific epithet '' polystachia''. The leaves are yellow-green, long and wide, and grow in small clusters. Taxonomy The species was first described by Antonio José Cavanilles in 1791 using the spelling ''Salvia polystachia''. , this was the spelling used by Plants of the World Online, the Int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salvia Xalapensis
''Salvia xalapensis'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native to Mexico. Compounds obtained from ''Salvia xalapensis'' have been investigated for their possible medical or insecticidal uses. Taxonomy ''Salvia xalapensis'' was first described by George Bentham in 1848. In 1844, Martin Martens and Henri Guillaume Galeotti published the name ''Salvia polystachya''. , Plants of the World Online regarded this as an illegitimate synonym of ''Salvia xalapensis''. In 1791, Antonio José Cavanilles had described a different species as ''Salvia polystachia'' (also spelt ''Salvia polystachya''.) Phytochemistry ''Salvia xalapensis'' is one of a number of ''Salvia'' species whose phytochemistry has been investigated, for taxonomic reasons and to study the biological activity of the compounds present, which might have medical or insecticidal uses. Four new diterpenes were among the 13 different compounds isolated from three populations of ''Salvia xalapensis''. Two ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martin Martens
Martin Martens (8 December 1797 – 8 February 1863) was a Belgian botanist and chemist born in Maastricht, Netherlands. He studied medicine in Liège, afterwards serving as a physician in Maastricht from 1823 to 1835. From 1835 to 1863 he was a professor of chemistry at the Catholic University of Louvain.Biodiversity Heritage Library Taxonomic literature : a selective guide to botanical publications With Henri Guillaume Galeotti (1814-1858), he was the binomial author of many botanical species. In 1842, with Galeotti, he published an important treatise on |
Salvia
''Salvia'' () is the largest genus of plants in the sage family Lamiaceae, with just under 1,000 species of shrubs, Herbaceous plant, herbaceous Perennial plant, perennials, and Annual plant, annuals. Within the Lamiaceae, ''Salvia'' is part of the tribe Mentheae within the subfamily Nepetoideae. One of several genera commonly referred to as sage, it includes two widely used herbs, ''Salvia officinalis'' (common sage, or just "sage") and ''Salvia rosmarinus'' (rosemary, formerly ''Rosmarinus officinalis''). The genus is distributed throughout the Old World and the Americas (over 900 total species), with three distinct regions of diversity: Central America and South America (approximately 600 species); Central Asia and the Mediterranean (250 species); Eastern Asia (90 species). Etymology The name ''Salvia'' derives from Latin (sage), from (safe, secure, healthy), an adjective related to (health, well-being, prosperity or salvation), and (to feel healthy, to heal). Pliny ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Applied Spectroscopy
Applied spectroscopy is the application of various spectroscopy, spectroscopic methods for the detection and identification of different chemical element, elements or Chemical compound, compounds to solve problems in fields like forensics, medicine, the oil industry, atmospheric chemistry, and pharmacology. Spectroscopic methods A common spectroscopic method for analysis is Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), where chemical bonds can be detected through their characteristic infrared absorption frequencies or wavelengths. These absorption characteristics make infrared analyzers an invaluable tool in geoscience, environmental science, and atmospheric science. For instance, atmospheric gas monitoring has been facilitated by the development of commercially available gas analyzers which can distinguish between carbon dioxide, methane, carbon monoxide, oxygen, and nitric oxide. UV spectroscopy, Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy is used where strong absorption of UV radiation o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diterpene
Diterpenes are a class of terpenes composed of four isoprene units, often with the molecular formula C20H32. They are biosynthesized by plants, animals and fungi via the HMG-CoA reductase pathway, with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate being a primary intermediate. Diterpenes form the basis for biologically important Chemical compound, compounds such as retinol, retinal, and phytol. Some diterpenes are known to be antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory. Structures As with most terpenes a huge number of potential structures exists, which may be broadly divided according to the number of rings present. Biosynthesis Diterpenes are derived from the addition of one Isopentenyl pyrophosphate, IPP unit to Farnesyl pyrophosphate, FPP to form geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). From GGPP, structural diversity is achieved mainly by two classes of enzymes; the diterpene synthases and Cytochrome P450, cytochromes P450. Several diterpenes are produced by plants and cyanobacteria. GGPP is also t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neoclerodane
Clerodane diterpenes, sometimes referred to as clerodane diterpenoids, are a large group of secondary metabolites that have been isolated from several hundreds of different plant species, as well as fungi, bacteria and marine sponges. They are bicyclic terpenes that contain 20 carbons and a decalin core. Classification The clerodane diterpenes are classified into four groups ''trans''-''cis'' (TC), ''trans''-trans (TT), ''cis''-''cis'' (CC), and ''cis''-''trans'' (TC) based on the relative stereochemistry at the decalin junction (''trans'' or ''cis'') and the relative stereochemistry of the substituents at C-8 and C-9 (''trans'' or ''cis''). The absolute stereochemistry of the clerodanes is classified as ''neo'' (shown below) or ''ent''-''neo'' (enantiomeric to ''neo''). The ''neo''-clerodanes share the same absolute stereochemistry as clerodin. Approximately 25% of clerodanes have the 5:10 ''cis'' ring junction. The remaining 75% have a ''trans'' 5:10 ring junction. Bios ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew is a non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom sponsored by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. An internationally important botanical research and education institution, it employs 1,100 staff. Its board of trustees is chaired by Dame Amelia Fawcett. The organisation manages botanic gardens at Kew in Richmond upon Thames in south-west London, and at Wakehurst, a National Trust property in Sussex which is home to the internationally important Millennium Seed Bank, whose scientists work with partner organisations in more than 95 countries. Kew, jointly with the Forestry Commission, founded Bedgebury National Pinetum in Kent in 1923, specialising in growing conifers. In 1994, the Castle Howard Arboretum Trust, which runs the Yorkshire Arboretum, was formed as a partnership between Kew and the Castle Howard Estate. In 2019, the organisation had 2,316,699 public visitors at Kew, and 312,813 at Wakehurst. Its site ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henri Guillaume Galeotti
Henri Guillaume Galeotti (10 September 1814 – 1858) was a French-Belgian botanist and geologist of Italian parentage born in Paris. He specialized in the study of the family Cactaceae. He studied geology and natural history at the ''Etablissement Géographique de Bruxelles'', where he graduated in 1835 with an award-winning dissertation on the geology of Brabant. After graduation, he spent the next five years in Mexico performing geological and botanical research. Here he collected numerous new species of plants, particularly cacti. In 1840 Galeotti was offered a position teaching botany at the University of Brussels, but turned down the offer, preferring to work at his nursery outside of Brussels, from where he imported Mexican flora for sell in Europe. During this time period, he collaborated with botanist Martin Martens (1797-1863) on scientific study of species native to Mexico. In 1853 he became director of the ''Jardin botanique de Bruxelles'' ( Botanical Garden of Brus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homonym
In linguistics, homonyms are words which are either; '' homographs''—words that mean different things, but have the same spelling (regardless of pronunciation), or '' homophones''—words that mean different things, but have the same pronunciation (regardless of spelling). Using this definition, the words ''row'' (propel with oars), ''row'' (a linear arrangement) and ''row'' (an argument) are homonyms because they are homographs (though only the first two are homophones); so are the words ''see'' (vision) and ''sea'' (body of water), because they are homophones (though not homographs). A more restrictive and technical definition requires that homonyms be simultaneously homographs ''and'' homophoneshomonym ''Random House Unabridged Dictionary'' at dictionary.com—that is, they have identical spelling ''and'' pronunciation but different mea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonio José Cavanilles
Antonio José Cavanilles (16 January 1745 – 5 May 1804) was a leading Spanish taxonomic botanist, artist and one of the most important figures in the 18th century period of Enlightenment in Spain. Cavanilles is most famous for his 2-volume book on Spanish flora, published in 1795 and titled ‘Observations on the Natural History, Geography and Agriculture of the Kingdom of Valencia’.He named many plants, particularly from Oceania. He named at least 100 genera, about 54 of which were still used in 2004, including ''Dahlia'', '' Calycera'', '' Cobaea'', '' Galphimia'', and '' Oleandra''. Biography Cavanilles was born in Valencia. He lived in Paris from 1777 to 1781, where he followed careers as a clergyman and a botanist, thanks to André Thouin and Antoine Laurent de Jussieu. He was one of the first Spanish scientists to use the classification method invented by Carl Linnaeus. Early life and education Antonio José Cavanilles was born on January 16, 1745, in Valenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nomen Illegitimum
''Nomen illegitimum'' (Latin for illegitimate name) is a technical term used mainly in botany. It is usually abbreviated as ''nom. illeg.'' Although the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants uses Latin terms as qualifiers for taxon names (e.g. ''nomen conservandum'' for "conserved name", and ''nomen superfluum'' for "superfluous name"), the definition of each term is in English rather than Latin. The Latin abbreviations are widely used by botanists and mycologists. Definition A ''nomen illegitimum'' is a validly published name (botany), validly published name, but one that contravenes some of the articles laid down by the International Botanical Congress.Melbourne Code (2012) The name could be illegitimate because: * (article 52) it was superfluous at its time of publication, i.e., the taxon (as represent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
