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Sabahan Languages
The Sabahan languages are a group of Austronesian languages mostly concentrated in the Malaysian state of Sabah, but also extended into neighbouring Sarawak of Malaysia, North Kalimantan of Indonesia, and the sovereign state of Brunei. Languages Blust (2010) The constituents are separated into two families in Blust (2010): ;Northeast Sabahan * Bonggi * Ida’an ;Southwest Sabahan * Dusunic (15) * Paitanic (4) * Murutic (7) * Tidong (5) Lobel (2013) Lobel (2013b, p. 47, 361) proposes the following internal classification of Southwest Sabahan, based on phonological and morphological evidence. *Greater Dusunic ** Dusunic ** Bisaya- Lotud ** Paitanic *Greater Murutic ** Murutic ** Tatana **Papar Lobel (2013:367–368) lists the following Proto-Southwest Sabahan phonological innovations that were developed from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian. (Note: PSWSAB stands for Proto-Southwest Sabahan, while PMP stands for Proto-Malayo-Polynesian.) *PMP *h > PSWSAB Ø *PMP *a > PSWSAB *ə ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borneo
Borneo () is the List of islands by area, third-largest island in the world, with an area of , and population of 23,053,723 (2020 national censuses). Situated at the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, it is one of the Greater Sunda Islands, located north of Java Island, Java, west of Sulawesi, and east of Sumatra. The island is crossed by the equator, which divides it roughly in half. The list of divided islands, island is politically divided among three states. The sovereign state of Brunei in the north makes up 1% of the territory. Approximately 73% of Borneo is Indonesian territory, and in the north, the East Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak make up about 26% of the island. The Malaysian federal territory of Labuan is situated on a small island just off the coast of Borneo. Etymology When the sixteenth-century Portuguese explorer Jorge de Menezes made contact with the indigenous people of Borneo, they referred to their island as ''Pulu K'lemantang'', which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tidong Languages
The Murutic languages are a family of half a dozen closely related Austronesian languages, spoken in the northern inland regions of Borneo by the Murut and Tidung. Languages The Murutic languages are (Lobel 2013): *Murut proper Timugon Murut and Tagol Murut *Murut dialects Keningau Murut, Beaufort Murut (Binta’), Tabalunan/ Serudung Murut, Selungai Murut, Sembakung Murut, Okolod, Bookan, Tanggala Murut, Paluan, Agabag/Tinggalan Murut. *Tidung language Burusu, Kalabakan, Nonukan Tidong, Sesayap Tidong Tagol Murut is commonly used and understood by a large majority of the Murut peoples. Lobel (2013:360) also lists the languages Abai Sembuak, Abai Tubu, and Bulusu (all spoken near Malinau town in North Kalimantan) as Murutic languages. On the other hand, Abai Sungai, spoken in eastern Sabah, is a Paitanic language. Lobel (2016) Lobel (2016) covers the following Greater Murutic languages, including Tidong: * Tatana *Papar The ''Papar'' (; from Latin , via Ol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kenyah Languages
The Kenyah languages are a group of half a dozen or so closely related languages spoken by the Kenyah people, Kenyah peoples of Borneo. They are: : Kenyah language, Kenyah proper (a dialect cluster, incl. Madang), Sebob language, Sebob, Tutoh language, Tutoh (Long Wat), Wahau Kenyah language, Wahau Kenyah, Uma' Lasan language, Uma’ Lung / Uma’ Lasan. ''Ethnologue'' says that the Punan–Nibong languages are related to Uma’ Lasan, ''Glottolog'' that they are outside the Kenyah languages. Classification Soriente (2008) proposes a Kayan-Kenyah grouping. *Proto–Kayan-Kenyah **Kenyah ***Upper Pujungan language, Upper Pujungan ***Usun Apau language, Usun Apau **Penan ***Penan language, West Penan ***Penan language, East Penan **Kayan–Murik languages, Kayanic ***Lebu Kulit language, Lebu Kulit ***Mboh language, Mboh ***Ngorek language, Ngorek ***Kayan language (Borneo), Kayan However, Smith (2015) rejects Soriente's grouping, and argues that Kenyah and Kayan–Murik language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apo Duat Languages
The Apo Duat or Dayic languages are a group of closely related languages spoken by the Kelabit, Lun Bawang, and related peoples. They are: *Kelabitic: Kelabit, Lengilu, Sa'ban, Tring *Lundayeh Lun Bawang or is the language spoken by the Lun Bawangs in northern Borneo. It belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian family. is an alternate name in North Kalimantan. History Lun Bawang is mainly an oral language. There is very little printed writ ...: Lun Bawang, Adang, Balait, Kolur, Lepu Potng, Lun Dayah, Lun Daye, Padas, Trusan, Mengalong Putoh may be an additional language, or it may be a dialect of Lundayeh. References {{au-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berawan–Lower Baram Languages
The Berawan – Lower Baram languages are a group of half a dozen languages spoken in Borneo. Languages *Berawan language, Berawan *Lower Baram: Belait language, Belait, Kiput language, Kiput, Lelak language, Lelak, Narom language, Narom, Tutong 2 language, Tutong References Berawan–Lower Baram languages, {{austronesian-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bintulu Language
Bintulu or Vaie is an Austronesian language of Borneo. Robert Blust leaves it as an isolate within the North Sarawakan languages. ''Ethnologue'' notes that it might be closest to Baram within those languages. References External links * Paradisec has an open access collection oBintulu language recordingsmade by Robert Blust. * Kaipuleohone Kaipuleohone is a digital ethnographic archive that houses audio and visual files, photographs, as well as hundreds of textual material such as notes, dictionaries, and transcriptions relating to small and endangered languages. The archive is stored ... also has archived materials of Bintulu. * Vaie words in the Malay Wiktionary North Sarawakan languages Languages of Malaysia Endangered Austronesian languages {{Austronesian-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Sarawakan Languages
The North Sarawakan languages are a group of Austronesian languages spoken in the northeastern part of the province of Sarawak, Borneo, and proposed in Blust (1991, 2010). ;North Sarawakan languages * Kenyah * Dayic languages (Apo Duat) * Berawan–Lower Baram *''Bintulu'' ''Ethnologue'' 16 adds Punan Tubu as an additional branch, and notes that Bintulu might be closest to Baram. The Melanau–Kajang languages were removed in Blust 2010. The Northern Sarawak languages are well known for strange phonological histories. Classification Smith (2017)Smith, Alexander. 2017. ''The Languages of Borneo: A Comprehensive Classification''. PhD Dissertation: University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. classifies the North Sarawakan languages as follows. *Bintulu Bintulu is a coastal town on the island of Borneo in the central region of Sarawak, Malaysia. Bintulu is located northeast of Kuching, northeast of Sibu, and southwest of Miri, Malaysia, Miri. With a population of 114,058 as of 201 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (PMP) is the reconstructed ancestor of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, which is by far the largest branch (by current speakers) of the Austronesian language family. Proto-Malayo-Polynesian is ancestral to all Austronesian languages spoken outside Taiwan, as well as the Yami language on Taiwan's Orchid Island. The first systematic reconstruction of Proto-Austronesian ("''Uraustronesisch''") by Otto Dempwolff was based on evidence from languages outside of Taiwan, and was therefore actually the first reconstruction of what is now known as Proto-Malayo-Polynesian. Phonology Consonants The following consonants can be reconstructed for Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (Blust 2009): The phonetic value of the reconstructed sounds *p, *b, *w, *m, *t, *d, *n, *s, *l, *r, *k, *g, *ŋ, *q, *h was as indicated by the spelling. The symbols *ñ, *y, *z, *D, *j, *R are orthographic conventions first introduced by Dyen (1947). The assumed phonetic values are given in the t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papar Language
Papar is a minor Austronesian language spoken in Sabah, Malaysia. References External links * Materials on Karnai are included in the open access Arthur Capell Arthur Capell (28 March 1902 – 10 August 1986) was an Australian linguist, who made major contributions to the study of Australian languages, Austronesian languages and Papuan languages. Early life Capell was born in Newtown, New South W ... collectionAC2 held by Paradisec. {{Greater North Borneo languages Murutic languages Languages of Sabah Languages of Malaysia Endangered Austronesian languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tatana Language
Tatana (Tatanaq) is a Sabahan language spoken in Sabah, Malaysia. Due to limited studies, it is hard to ascertain whether Tatana requires a category on its own or is considered a Bisaya variety based on its 90% linguistic intelligibility with the closely related Bisaya ethnic in Sabah. The current speakers of Tatana identify themselves as an ethnic subgroup of the Dusun people of Borneo. Jason Lobel (2013:360) classifies Tatana (along with Papar The ''Papar'' (; from Latin , via Old Irish, meaning "father" or "pope") were Irish monks who took eremitic residence in parts of Iceland before that island's habitation by the Norsemen of Scandinavia. Their existence is attested by the early ...) as Murutic rather than Dusunic. Phonology Consonants * /ɾ/ may also be heard as a trill * Stop sounds /p, t, k/ and /b, d, ɡ/ are heard as unreleased ̚in word-final positions. Vowels References *Lobel, Jason William. 2013''Philippine and North Bornean languages: i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lotud Language
Lotud, also known as Dusun Lotud, is a shifting Austronesian language of Sabah, Malaysia Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. Featuring the Tanjung Piai, southernmost point of continental Eurasia, it is a federation, federal constitutional monarchy consisting of States and federal territories of Malaysia, 13 states and thre .... References Dusunic languages Endangered Austronesian languages Languages of Malaysia {{austronesian-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brunei Bisaya Language
Bisaya, also known as Southern Bisaya, Brunei Bisaya, Brunei Dusun or Tutong 1, is a Sabahan language spoken in Brunei and Sarawak, Malaysia Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. Featuring the Tanjung Piai, southernmost point of continental Eurasia, it is a federation, federal constitutional monarchy consisting of States and federal territories of Malaysia, 13 states and thre .... Phonology Vowels * /ɤ/ may also be heard as rounded and may have an allophone of � * /i/ may also have an allophone of Consonants * /ɣ/ may also be heard as uvular � * Sounds /r, h/ are only restricted to Malay loanwords. References External links * Kaipuleohone's Robert Blust collection includes materials on Bisaya. Dusunic languages Languages of Sabah Languages of Brunei Languages of Malaysia {{au-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
