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Rīgas Vagonbūves Rūpnīca
Rīgas Vagonbūves Rūpnīca (RVR) was a Latvian rail and tram vehicle manufacturer, most notable for its multiple unit trains and tram vehicles used throughout the Soviet Union and its successor states. It has been insolvent and non-operational since 2017. History The original works were founded in 1895 by the businessman Oscar Freywirth under the name Fēnikss. In 1936, Fenikss was reorganised into Joint Stock Company Vairogs, which later manufactured Ford-Vairogs automobiles under licence. Expropriated by the state following the takeover of Latvia by the Soviet Union and renamed RVR, it became for many years the largest producer of electric and diesel trains in the USSR and also produced tramcars. Its best known products are the ER1, ER2, ER7, ER9 and ER31 electric trains, DR1, DR1A and DR1P diesel trains, many of which are still in service today. Between 1973 and 1988 it built the high-speed ER200 train. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ford-Vairogs
Ford-Vairogs ("Vairogs" meaning "Shield") (earlier called "Fenikss") was the name of a car factory in Riga, Latvia, that produced license built Ford cars between September 1937 and 1940 when it was expropriated as the property of the Soviet government. Not including the war department orders, Ford-Vairogs made 200 buses, 1000 trucks and 332 automobiles. History The history of the Vairogs factory began in the late 19th century. In 1895 Austro-Hungarian citizen Oscar Freivirt got permission from the Russian Emperor to establish a train carriage factory in Riga (''Rīgas Vagonbūves Rūpnīca''). It was known as joint stock company ''Fēnikss'' ("Phoenix").Odin, L.C. ''World in Motion 1939 - The whole of the year's automobile production''. Belvedere Publishing, 2015. ASIN: B00ZLN91ZG. In the 1930s the factory started to experience financial difficulties and the Latvian government decided to intervene. In Autumn 1936, the Latvian government bought all 4000 shares of the near-ban ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ER2 Electric Trainset
ER2 electric trainset is a DC electric multiple unit which was in production by the Railroad Machinery Plants of Riga (in consortium with the Electrical Machinery Plants of Riga and the Railroad Machinery Plants of Kalinin) from June 1962 to mid-1984. It was essentially an improvement of the ER1 design, featuring footboards for low platforms, and aprons for high platforms, as well as improved electrical equipment and minor changes to the bodywork (specifically, the engineer's cab, side walls, headstocks, and door mountings). Since the mid-1960s, the ER2 has been the most widely used type of suburban train in the Soviet Union and its successor states. Previous Soviet electric multiple units Electric multiple units were first used in the Soviet Union in 1926 on the Baku- Sabuncu segment of the Baku mainline. These consisted of 2-car or 3-car sections, each of which had 1 power car and 1 or 2 trailer cars (a similar consist to that still used today). The motor cars used 1200 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holding Company
A holding company is a company whose primary business is holding a controlling interest in the securities of other companies. A holding company usually does not produce goods or services itself. Its purpose is to own shares of other companies to form a corporate group. In some jurisdictions around the world, holding companies are called parent companies, which, besides holding stock in other companies, can conduct trade and other business activities themselves. Holding companies reduce risk for the shareholders, and can permit the ownership and control of a number of different companies. ''The New York Times'' also refers to the term as ''parent holding company.'' Holding companies are also created to hold assets such as intellectual property or trade secrets, that are protected from the operating company. That creates a smaller risk when it comes to litigation. In the United States, 80% of stock, in voting and value, must be owned before tax consolidation benefits such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexey Mordashov
Alexey Alexandrovich Mordashov ( rus, Алексей Александрович Мордашов; born 26 September 1965) is a Russian billionaire businessman. He is the main shareholder and chairman of Severstal, Russia's largest steel and mining company. As of March 2022, ''Bloomberg Billionaires Index'' estimated Mordashov's personal net worth at US$21.2 billion, making him the second-richest person in Russia. In the Forbes ranking, which takes into account the assets of the whole family, Mordashov ranks first among Russian billionaires ($29.1B). When he was 37, Forbes ordained him (along with Oprah) as a "new arrival" in the world of billionaires. Mordashov was mentioned in the Panama Papers and FinCEN files leaks – a company associated with Mordashov paid for a number of Vladimir Putin's pet projects and gave generously to close Putin associates. He is under sanctions due to Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine. According to the EU, Rossiya Bank, which Mordashov own ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Severstal
Severstal (russian: Северсталь, , Northern Steel) is a Russian company mainly operating in the steel and mining industry, headquartered in Cherepovets. Severstal is listed on the Moscow Exchange and LSE and is the largest steel company in Russia. The company is majority-owned and controlled by billionaire Alexey Mordashov. Severstal owns major industrial facilities in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, France, and Italy, as well as in several African countries. The company also has mining assets, thus securing its supply of raw materials. Severstal also owns Severstal Cherepovets, a professional ice hockey club which plays in the Kontinental Hockey League and Severstal Air Company, an airline operating mainly from Vnukovo International Airport and Cherepovets Airport. Severstal has been ranked as among the 16th best of 92 oil, gas, and mining companies on indigenous rights and resource extraction in the Arctic. It's ranked 37 among the largest steel makers. In 2021 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comecon
The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (, ; English abbreviation COMECON, CMEA, CEMA, or CAME) was an economic organization from 1949 to 1991 under the leadership of the Soviet Union that comprised the countries of the Eastern Bloc#List of states, Eastern Bloc along with a number of socialist states elsewhere in the world. The descriptive term was often applied to all multilateral activities involving members of the organization, rather than being restricted to the direct functions of Comecon and its organs. This usage was sometimes extended as well to bilateral relations among members because in the system of communist international economic relations, multilateral accords typically of a general nature tended to be implemented through a set of more detailed, bilateral agreements. Comecon was the Eastern Bloc's response to the formation in Western Europe of the Marshall Plan and the OEEC, which later became the OECD. Name in official languages of the members History Fou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Train
In rail transport, a train (from Old French , from Latin , "to pull, to draw") is a series of connected vehicles that run along a railway track and transport people or freight. Trains are typically pulled or pushed by locomotives (often known simply as "engines"), though some are self-propelled, such as multiple units. Passengers and cargo are carried in railroad cars, also known as wagons. Trains are designed to a certain gauge, or distance between rails. Most trains operate on steel tracks with steel wheels, the low friction of which makes them more efficient than other forms of transport. Trains have their roots in wagonways, which used railway tracks and were powered by horses or pulled by cables. Following the invention of the steam locomotive in the United Kingdom in 1804, trains rapidly spread around the world, allowing freight and passengers to move over land faster and cheaper than ever possible before. Rapid transit and trams were first built in the lat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ER200
The ER200 was a Soviet electric train built in Riga by Rīgas Vagonbūves Rūpnīca. It was the first high-speed Direct Current intercity Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) train with rheostatic brake. There were two designs. The first design, begun in 1974, was the ER200-1 EMU, and went into commercial operation in 1984. The second design went into operation between Saint Petersburg and Moscow in 1996. Overall trainset description Body Bogies Main circuit electric equipment * Supplier: RER * Control mode: rheostatic step control + TCH * Traction converter: thyristor DC chopper (TCH) * Mounting place: under floor Mp * Semiconductors: thyristors TB353-630-16 * Number of semiconductors: 20 * Nominal output voltage: 3,000 V * Modulation frequency: 400 Hz * Cooling system: self-ventilated * Number of TM in unit: 8 * Number of TM sequences: 2 * Electric brake: rheostatic Auxiliary electric equipment * Supplier: RER * Converter type: rotating machine * Model: 1PV.004 * I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DR1 Diesel Train
The DR1 diesel trainset was manufactured by Rīgas Vagonbūves Rūpnīca from 1963 for suburban commuter usage within the Soviet Union. In 2017 DR1 trainsets (different modifications) are still in use in Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. They remained in use by Edelaraudtee in Estonia until 2014. Modifications DR1 (first batch) — Introduced in 1963. On units DR1-01 through DR1-08, the shape of the front fascia was rounded and looked like that of ER1 electric multiple unit. The entire first batch has been decommissioned. DR1 (second batch) — The first unit of the batch, DR1-09, was introduced in 1966. Some of the units were named DR1M. The design of the front fascia of this batch of units is completely different. The DR1A-014 and later units were equipped with then-new types of headlights. Units with older headlights were withdrawn. These newer versions are still in service as departmental units in Russia. In Belarus, all of them were converted to DRB1m units ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trains
In rail transport, a train (from Old French , from Latin , "to pull, to draw") is a series of connected vehicles that run along a railway track and transport people or freight. Trains are typically pulled or pushed by locomotives (often known simply as "engines"), though some are self-propelled, such as multiple units. Passengers and cargo are carried in railroad cars, also known as wagons. Trains are designed to a certain gauge, or distance between rails. Most trains operate on steel tracks with steel wheels, the low friction of which makes them more efficient than other forms of transport. Trains have their roots in wagonways, which used railway tracks and were powered by horses or pulled by cables. Following the invention of the steam locomotive in the United Kingdom in 1804, trains rapidly spread around the world, allowing freight and passengers to move over land faster and cheaper than ever possible before. Rapid transit and trams were first built in the late 1800s to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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