Russell Gray
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Russell Gray
Russell David Gray is a New Zealand evolutionary biologist and psychologist working on applying quantitative methods to the study of cultural evolution and human prehistory. In 2020, he became a co-director of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig. Although originally trained in biology and psychology, Gray has become well known for his studies on the evolution of the Indo-European and Austronesian language families using computational phylogenetic methods. Gray also performs research on animal cognition. One of his main research-projects studies tool-use among New Caledonian crows. Career Gray completed his Ph.D. at the University of Auckland in 1990. He spent four years lecturing at the University of Otago, New Zealand, before returning to the School of Psychology at the University of Auckland. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand and has been awarded with several fellowships, as well as the inaugural Mason Durie Medal n 2012for hi ...
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Max Planck Institute For The Science Of Human History
The Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (german: Max-Planck-Institut für Menschheitsgeschichte) performs basic research into archaeological science. The institute is one of 80+ research institutes of the Max Planck Society and is located in Jena, Germany. History Max Planck Institute of Economics The predecessor of the present institute was founded in 1993 as the Max Planck Institute for Research into Economic Systems (''Max-Planck-Institut zur Erforschung von Wirtschaftssystemen'') and later renamed the Max Planck Institute of Economics (''Max-Planck-Institut für Ökonomik''). Its initial mission was researching the transition of the former Eastern European socialist economic systems, but it later researched a broad set of problems relating to change in modern economies more generally, including evolutionary economics, experimental economics, and entrepreneurial studies. It was organized into three research units: * Evolutionary Economics Group (dir ...
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University Of Otago
, image_name = University of Otago Registry Building2.jpg , image_size = , caption = University clock tower , motto = la, Sapere aude , mottoeng = Dare to be wise , established = 1869; 152 years ago , type = Public research collegiate university , endowment = NZD $279.9 million (31 December 2021) , budget = NZD $756.8 million (31 December 2020) , chancellor = Stephen Higgs , vice_chancellor = David Murdoch , administrative_staff = 2,246 (2019) , academic_staff = 1,744 (2019) , students = 21,240 (2019) , undergrad = 15,635 (2014) , postgrad = 4,378 (2014) , doctoral = 1,579 (2019) , other = , city = Dunedin , province = Otago , country = New Zealand (Māori: ''Ōtepoti, Ōtākou, Aotearoa'') , coor = , campus = Urban/ University town 45 ha (111 acres) , colours = Dunedin Blue and Gold , free_label = Student Magazine , free = ''Critic'' , affiliations = MNU , website https://www.otago.ac.nz, logo = Logo of the University of Otago.svg The U ...
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Living People
Related categories * :Year of birth missing (living people) / :Year of birth unknown * :Date of birth missing (living people) / :Date of birth unknown * :Place of birth missing (living people) / :Place of birth unknown * :Year of death missing / :Year of death unknown * :Date of death missing / :Date of death unknown * :Place of death missing / :Place of death unknown * :Missing middle or first names See also * :Dead people * :Template:L, which generates this category or death years, and birth year and sort keys. : {{DEFAULTSORT:Living people 21st-century people People by status ...
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University Of Auckland Faculty
A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, the designation is reserved for colleges that have a graduate school. The word ''university'' is derived from the Latin ''universitas magistrorum et scholarium'', which roughly means "community of teachers and scholars". The first universities were created in Europe by Catholic Church monks. The University of Bologna (''Università di Bologna''), founded in 1088, is the first university in the sense of: *Being a high degree-awarding institute. *Having independence from the ecclesiastic schools, although conducted by both clergy and non-clergy. *Using the word ''universitas'' (which was coined at its foundation). *Issuing secular and non-secular degrees: grammar, rhetoric, logic, theology, canon law, notarial law.Hunt Janin: "The university ...
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Linguists Of Austronesian Languages
Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. It is called a scientific study because it entails a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise analysis of all aspects of language, particularly its nature and structure. Linguistics is concerned with both the cognitive and social aspects of language. It is considered a scientific field as well as an academic discipline; it has been classified as a social science, natural science, cognitive science,Thagard, PaulCognitive Science, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2008 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). or part of the humanities. Traditional areas of linguistic analysis correspond to phenomena found in human linguistic systems, such as syntax (rules governing the structure of sentences); semantics (meaning); morphology (structure of words); phonetics (speech sounds and equivalent gestures in sign languages); phonology (the abstract sound system of a particular language); and pragmatics (how social conte ...
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Computational Linguistics Researchers
Computation is any type of arithmetic or non-arithmetic calculation that follows a well-defined model (e.g., an algorithm). Mechanical or electronic devices (or, historically, people) that perform computations are known as ''computers''. An especially well-known discipline of the study of computation is computer science. Physical process of Computation Computation can be seen as a purely physical process occurring inside a closed physical system called a computer. Examples of such physical systems are digital computers, mechanical computers, quantum computers, DNA computers, molecular computers, microfluidics-based computers, analog computers, and wetware computers. This point of view has been adopted by the physics of computation, a branch of theoretical physics, as well as the field of natural computing. An even more radical point of view, pancomputationalism (inaudible word), is the postulate of digital physics that argues that the evolution of the universe is itself ...
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Evolutionary Biologists
Evolutionary biology is the subfield of biology that studies the evolutionary processes (natural selection, common descent, speciation) that produced the diversity of life on Earth. It is also defined as the study of the history of life forms on Earth. Evolution is based on the theory that all species are related and they gradually change over time. In a population, the genetic variations affect the physical characteristics i.e. phenotypes of an organism. These changes in the phenotypes will be an advantage to some organisms, which will then be passed onto their offspring. Some examples of evolution in species over many generations are the Peppered Moth and Flightless birds. In the 1930s, the discipline of evolutionary biology emerged through what Julian Huxley called the modern synthesis of understanding, from previously unrelated fields of biological research, such as genetics and ecology, systematics, and paleontology. The importance of studying Evolutionary biology i ...
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Australian National University
The Australian National University (ANU) is a public research university located in Canberra, the capital of Australia. Its main campus in Acton encompasses seven teaching and research colleges, in addition to several national academies and institutes. ANU is regarded as one of the world's leading universities, and is ranked as the number one university in Australia and the Southern Hemisphere by the 2022 QS World University Rankings and second in Australia in the '' Times Higher Education'' rankings. Compared to other universities in the world, it is ranked 27th by the 2022 QS World University Rankings, and equal 54th by the 2022 '' Times Higher Education''. In 2021, ANU is ranked 20th (1st in Australia) by the Global Employability University Ranking and Survey (GEURS). Established in 1946, ANU is the only university to have been created by the Parliament of Australia. It traces its origins to Canberra University College, which was established in 1929 and was integrated ...
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Mason Durie (psychiatrist)
Sir Mason Harold Durie (born 4 December 1938) is a New Zealand professor of Māori Studies and research academic at Massey University. He is known for his contributions to Māori health. In 2020, he was appointed to the Order of New Zealand, the highest honour in New Zealand's royal honours system. Early life and family Durie has affiliations with the Rangitāne, Ngāti Kauwhata and Ngāti Raukawa tribes of New Zealand. He grew up in Feilding and attended Te Aute College in Hawke's Bay. John Mason Durie was his grandfather, and he is the older brother of former High Court judge and chief judge of the Māori Land Court, Sir Eddie Durie. He married Arohia Kōhere, granddaughter of Rēweti Kōhere. One of his daughters, Awerangi, is married to politician and radio personality John Tamihere, while his eldest son, Meihana, is working on producing a movie about Rēweti Kōhere's brother, Hēnare Kōhere. His wife and their children are also descendants of Gisborne founding f ...
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Royal Society Of New Zealand
Royal may refer to: People * Royal (name), a list of people with either the surname or given name * A member of a royal family Places United States * Royal, Arkansas, an unincorporated community * Royal, Illinois, a village * Royal, Iowa, a city * Royal, Missouri, an unincorporated community * Royal, Nebraska, a village * Royal, Franklin County, North Carolina, an unincorporated area * Royal, Utah, a ghost town * Royal, West Virginia, an unincorporated community * Royal Gorge, on the Arkansas River in Colorado * Royal Township (other) Elsewhere * Mount Royal, a hill in Montreal, Canada * Royal Canal, Dublin, Ireland * Royal National Park, New South Wales, Australia Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Royal'' (Jesse Royal album), a 2021 reggae album * '' The Royal'', a British medical drama television series * ''The Royal Magazine'', a monthly British literary magazine published between 1898 and 1939 * ''Royal'' (Indian magazine), a men's lifestyle bimonthly * Roy ...
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University Of Auckland
, mottoeng = By natural ability and hard work , established = 1883; years ago , endowment = NZD $293 million (31 December 2021) , budget = NZD $1.281 billion (31 December 2021) , chancellor = Cecilia Tarrant , vice_chancellor = Dawn Freshwater , city = Auckland , country = New Zealand (Māori: ''Tāmaki Makaurau, Aotearoa'') , academic_staff = 2,402 (FTE, 2019) , administrative_staff = 3,567 (FTE, 2019) , students = 34,521 (EFTS, 2019) , undergrad = 25,200 (EFTS, 2019) , postgrad = 8,630 (EFTS, 2019) , type = Public flagship research university , campus = Urban,City Campus: 16 ha (40 acres)Total: 40 ha (99 acres) , free_label = Student Magazine , free = Craccum , colours = Auckland Dark Blue and White , affiliations = ACU, APAIE, APRU, Universitas 21, WUN , website Auckland.ac.nz, logo = File:University of Auckland.svg The University of Auckland is a public research university based in Auckland, New Zealand. It is the largest, most compreh ...
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Evolution
Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. These characteristics are the expressions of genes, which are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction. Variation tends to exist within any given population as a result of genetic mutation and recombination. Evolution occurs when evolutionary processes such as natural selection (including sexual selection) and genetic drift act on this variation, resulting in certain characteristics becoming more common or more rare within a population. The evolutionary pressures that determine whether a characteristic is common or rare within a population constantly change, resulting in a change in heritable characteristics arising over successive generations. It is this process of evolution that has given rise to biodiversity at every level of biological organisation, including the levels of species, individual organisms, and molecules. The theory of evolut ...
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