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Rothia (bacterium)
''Rothia'' is a Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial genus from the family Micrococcaceae. ''Rothia'' bacteria can cause disease in humans and immunosuppressed humans. ''Rothia'' is prevalent in our saliva and it produces enterobactin. This is a strong iron-binding siderophore, which is produced by ''E. coli''. ''Rothia'' is also prevalent in our gut and causes the emergence of gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia Intestinal metaplasia is the transformation (metaplasia) of epithelium (usually of the stomach or the esophagus) into a type of epithelium resembling that found in the intestine. In the esophagus, this is called Barrett's esophagus. Chronic inflam .... References Further reading * * Micrococcaceae Bacteria genera {{Actinobacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rothia Dentocariosa
''Rothia dentocariosa'' is a species of Gram-positive, round- to rod-shaped bacteria that is part of the normal community of microbes residing in the mouth and respiratory tract. First isolated from dental caries, ''Rothia dentocariosa'' is largely benign, but does very rarely cause disease. The most common ''Rothia'' infection is endocarditis, typically in people with underlying heart valve disorders. Literature case reports show other tissues that are rarely infected include the peritoneum, tonsils, lung, cornea, inner layers of the eye (Endophthalmitis) and brain and intercranial tissues. It has been implicated in periodontal disease, and one hypothesis is that ''Rothia'' periodontal disease, or dental procedures in turn, may be first steps in the infection of other tissues. A study regarding the relationship between COVID-19 and bacterial communities found that ''Rothia dentocariosa'' was highly predictive of COVID-19. In a hospital, samples from COVID-19 patients and their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rothia Nasisuis
''Rothia'' may refer to * ''Rothia'' (plant) Pers. 1807, a genus of legumes in the family Fabaceae * ''Rothia'' Schreb. 1791, an illegitimate synonym of the aster genus, '' Andryala'' * ''Rothia'' Borkh. 1792, an illegitimate synonym of the grass genus, '' Mibora'' * ''Rothia'' Lam. 1792, an illegitimate synonym of the aster genus, ''Schkuhria ''Schkuhria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Bahieae within the family Asteraceae. False threadleaf is a common name. The genus was named in honour of Christian Schkuhr (1741-1811), a German gardener and physical scientist at the Un ...'' * ''Rothia'' (moth) Westwood, 1877, a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae * ''Rothia'' (bacterium) Georg and Brown 1967, a genus of bacteria in the family Micrococcaceae {{Genus disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atrophic Gastritis
Atrophic gastritis is a process of chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa of the stomach, leading to a loss of gastric glandular cells and their eventual replacement by intestinal and fibrous tissues. As a result, the stomach's secretion of essential substances such as hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor is impaired, leading to digestive problems. The most common are vitamin B12 deficiency possibly leading to pernicious anemia; and malabsorption of iron, leading to iron deficiency anaemia. It can be caused by persistent infection with '' Helicobacter pylori'', or can be autoimmune in origin. Those with autoimmune atrophic gastritis (''Type A gastritis'') are statistically more likely to develop gastric carcinoma, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and achlorhydria. Type A gastritis primarily affects the fundus (body) of the stomach and is more common with pernicious anemia. Type B gastritis primarily affects the antrum, and is more common with ''H. pylori'' infect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siderophore
Siderophores (Greek: "iron carrier") are small, high-affinity iron- chelating compounds that are secreted by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. They help the organism accumulate iron. Although a widening range of siderophore functions is now being appreciated. Siderophores are among the strongest (highest affinity) Fe3+ binding agents known. Phytosiderophores are siderophores produced by plants. Scarcity of soluble iron Despite being one of the most abundant elements in the Earth's crust, iron is not readily bioavailable. In most aerobic environments, such as the soil or sea, iron exists in the ferric (Fe3+) state, which tends to form insoluble rust-like solids. To be effective, nutrients must not only be available, they must be soluble. Microbes release siderophores to scavenge iron from these mineral phases by formation of soluble Fe3+ complexes that can be taken up by active transport mechanisms. Many siderophores are nonribosomal peptides, although several are biosynt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enterobactin
Enterobactin (also known as enterochelin) is a high affinity siderophore that acquires iron for microbial systems. It is primarily found in Gram-negative bacteria, such as ''Escherichia coli'' and '' Salmonella typhimurium''. Enterobactin is the strongest siderophore known, binding to the ferric ion (Fe3+) with affinity K = 1052 M−1. This value is substantially larger than even some synthetic metal chelators, such as EDTA (Kf,Fe3+ ~ 1025 M−1). Due to its high affinity, enterobactin is capable of chelating even in environments where the concentration of ferric ion is held very low, such as within living organisms. Enterobactin can extract iron even from the air. Pathogenic bacteria can steal iron from other living organisms using this mechanism, even though the concentration of iron is kept extremely low due to the toxicity of free iron. Structure and biosynthesis Chorismic acid, an aromatic amino acid precursor, is converted to 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) by a seri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Immunosuppressed
Immunosuppression is a reduction of the activation or efficacy of the immune system. Some portions of the immune system itself have immunosuppressive effects on other parts of the immune system, and immunosuppression may occur as an adverse reaction to treatment of other conditions. In general, deliberately induced immunosuppression is performed to prevent the body from rejecting an organ transplant. Additionally, it is used for treating graft-versus-host disease after a bone marrow transplant, or for the treatment of auto-immune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, or Crohn's disease. This is typically done using medications, but may involve surgery ( splenectomy), plasmapheresis, or radiation. A person who is undergoing immunosuppression, or whose immune system is weak for some other reasons (such as chemotherapy or HIV), is said to be '' immunocompromised''. Deliberately induced Administration of immunosuppressi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Micrococcaceae
The family ''Micrococcaceae'' includes bacterial genera of Gram positive cocci that inhabit the air and skin, such as '' Micrococcus luteus''. Genera The family ''Micrococcaceae'' comprises the following genera: * '' Acaricomes'' Pukall ''et al''. 2006 * ''Arthrobacter'' Conn and Dimmick 1947 (Approved Lists 1980) * '' Auritidibacter'' Yassin ''et al''. 2011 * '' Citricoccus'' Altenburger ''et al''. 2002 * '' Enteractinococcus'' Cao ''et al''. 2012 * '' Falsarthrobacter'' Busse and Moore 2018 * '' Galactobacter'' Hahne ''et al''. 2019 * '' Garicola'' Lo ''et al''. 2015 * '' Glutamicibacter'' Busse 2016 * '' Haematomicrobium'' Schumann and Busse 2017 * '' Kocuria'' Stackebrandt ''et al''. 1995 * '' Micrococcoides'' Tóth ''et al''. 2017 * ''Micrococcus'' Cohn 1872 (Approved Lists 1980) * '' Neomicrococcus'' Prakash ''et al''. 2015 * '' Nesterenkonia'' Stackebrandt ''et al''. 1995 * '' Paenarthrobacter'' Busse 2016 * '' Paeniglutamicibacter'' Busse 2016 * '' Pseudarthrobacter'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Non-motile
Sessility is the biological property of an organism describing its lack of a means of self-locomotion. Sessile organisms for which natural ''motility'' is absent are normally immobile. This is distinct from the botanical concept of sessility, which refers to an organism or biological structure attached directly by its base without a stalk. Sessile organisms can move via external forces (such as water currents), but are usually permanently attached to something. Organisms such as corals lay down their own substrate from which they grow. Other sessile organisms grow from a solid such as a rock, dead tree trunk, or a man-made object such as a buoy or ship's hull. Mobility Sessile animals typically have a motile phase in their development. Sponges have a motile larval stage and become sessile at maturity. Conversely, many jellyfish develop as sessile polyps early in their life cycle. In the case of the cochineal, it is in the nymph stage (also called the crawler stage) that the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rod-shaped
A bacillus (), also called a bacilliform bacterium or often just a rod (when the context makes the sense clear), is a rod-shaped bacterium or archaeon. Bacilli are found in many different taxonomic groups of bacteria. However, the name '' Bacillus'', capitalized and italicized, refers to a specific genus of bacteria. The name Bacilli, capitalized but not italicized, can also refer to a less specific taxonomic group of bacteria that includes two orders, one of which contains the genus ''Bacillus''. When the word is formatted with lowercase and not italicized, 'bacillus', it will most likely be referring to shape and not to the genus at all. Bacilliform bacteria are also often simply called rods when the bacteriologic context is clear. Bacilli usually divide in the same plane and are solitary, but can combine to form diplobacilli, streptobacilli, and palisades. * Diplobacilli: Two bacilli arranged side by side with each other. * Streptobacilli: Bacilli arranged in chains. * Coc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aerobic Organism
Aerobic means "requiring air," in which "air" usually means oxygen. Aerobic may also refer to * Aerobic exercise, prolonged exercise of moderate intensity * Aerobics Aerobics is a form of physical exercise that combines rhythmic aerobic exercise with stretching and strength training routines with the goal of improving all elements of fitness ( flexibility, muscular strength, and cardio-vascular fitness). ..., a form of aerobic exercise * Aerobic respiration, the aerobic process of cellular respiration * Aerobic organism, a living thing with an oxygen-based metabolism See also * Anaerobic (other) {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gram-positive
In bacteriology, gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their type of cell wall. Gram-positive bacteria take up the crystal violet stain used in the test, and then appear to be purple-coloured when seen through an optical microscope. This is because the thick peptidoglycan layer in the bacterial cell wall retains the stain after it is washed away from the rest of the sample, in the decolorization stage of the test. Conversely, gram-negative bacteria cannot retain the violet stain after the decolorization step; alcohol used in this stage degrades the outer membrane of gram-negative cells, making the cell wall more porous and incapable of retaining the crystal violet stain. Their peptidoglycan layer is much thinner and sandwiched between an inner cell membrane and a bacterial outer membrane, causing them to take up the counterstain ( s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rothia Terrae
''Rothia'' may refer to * ''Rothia'' (plant) Pers. 1807, a genus of legumes in the family Fabaceae * ''Rothia'' Schreb. 1791, an illegitimate synonym of the aster genus, '' Andryala'' * ''Rothia'' Borkh. 1792, an illegitimate synonym of the grass genus, '' Mibora'' * ''Rothia'' Lam. 1792, an illegitimate synonym of the aster genus, ''Schkuhria ''Schkuhria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Bahieae within the family Asteraceae. False threadleaf is a common name. The genus was named in honour of Christian Schkuhr (1741-1811), a German gardener and physical scientist at the Un ...'' * ''Rothia'' (moth) Westwood, 1877, a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae * ''Rothia'' (bacterium) Georg and Brown 1967, a genus of bacteria in the family Micrococcaceae {{Genus disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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