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Russian Machism
Russian Machism was a term applied to a variety of political/philosophical viewpoints which emerged in Imperial Russia in the beginning of the twentieth century before the Russian Revolution. They shared an interest in the scientific and philosophical insights of Ernst Mach. Many, but not all, of the Russian Machists were Marxists, and some viewed Machism as an essential ingredient of a materialist outlook on the world. The term came into use around 1905, primarily as a polemical expression used by Lenin and Georgi Plekhanov. With a shared desire to defend an "orthodox" account of Marxism, from their own differing perspective they both divided the opponents of this putative orthodoxy into the "idealists" and the "Machists". The term remained a signifier of Marxist-Leninist opprobrium from the 1920s through into the 1970s. This was shown by 's use of the term to criticize Boris Hessen in 1928. It can also be seen in Evald Ilyenkov's chapter on "Marxism against Machism as the Philosophy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Russia
Imperial is that which relates to an empire, emperor/empress, or imperialism. Imperial or The Imperial may also refer to: Places United States * Imperial, California * Imperial, Missouri * Imperial, Nebraska * Imperial, Pennsylvania * Imperial, Texas * Imperial, West Virginia * Imperial, Virginia * Imperial County, California * Imperial Valley, California * Imperial Beach, California Elsewhere * Imperial (Madrid), an administrative neighborhood in Spain * Imperial, Saskatchewan, a town in Canada Buildings * Imperial Apartments, a building in Brooklyn, New York * Imperial City, Huế, a palace in Huế, Vietnam * Imperial Palace (other) * Imperial Towers, a group of lighthouses on Lake Huron, Canada * The Imperial (Mumbai), a skyscraper apartment complex in India * Imperial War Museum, a British military museum and organisation based in London, UK * * Imperial War Museum Duxford, an aviation museum in Cambridgeshire, UK * * Imperial War Museum Nort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Sergeyevich Lappo-Danilevsky
Alexander Sergeyevich Lappo-Danilevsky (Russian: Александр Сергеевич Лаппо-Данилевский; 27 January 1863 – 7 February 1919) was a Russian historian and sociologist. He attended the University of St. Petersburg, graduating from the Faculty of History and Philology in 1886. He played an influential role in introducing Nikolai Kondratiev Nikolai Dmitriyevich Kondratiev (; also Kondratieff; Russian: Никола́й Дми́триевич Кондра́тьев; 4 March 1892 – 17 September 1938) was a Russian Soviet economist and proponent of the New Economic Policy (NEP) best ... to sociology, economics and scientific method. He is buried in the Smolensky Cemetery. References External links * {{DEFAULTSORT:Lappo-Danilevsky, Alexander 1863 births 1919 deaths 19th-century historians from the Russian Empire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sergei Suvorov
Sergei Alexandrovich Suvorov (; 1869 – 15 June 1918) was a statistician, philosopher and revolutionary from the Russian Empire. Suvorov was attracted to the revolutionary movement in the 1890s and he participated in a Marxist study circle with Nikolai Fedoseev. He joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) in 1900. He took part in the 1905 Revolution. He was a delegate to the 4th Congress of the RSDLP in 1906. Here he spoke about the Agrarian programme. He was one of the Russian Machists contributing several works to the philosophical debate including '' Studies in the Philosophy of Marxism''. He was a member of the Yaroslavl Soviet of Workers' Deputies. He died in the fighting in that city during the Russian Civil War The Russian Civil War () was a multi-party civil war in the former Russian Empire sparked by the 1917 overthrowing of the Russian Provisional Government in the October Revolution, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boris Hessen
Boris Mikhailovich Hessen (), also Gessen (16 August 1893, Elisavetgrad – 20 December 1936, Moscow), was a Soviet physicist, philosopher and historian of science. He is most famous for his paper on Newton's '' Principia'' which became foundational in historiography of science. Biography Boris Hessen was born to a Jewish family in Elisavetgrad, in the Kherson Governorate of the Russian Empire (now Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine). He studied physics and natural sciences at the University of Edinburgh (1913—1914) together with his gymnasium school friend Igor Tamm. He then went to study at the St. Petersburg University (1914—1917). He enlisted in the Red Army in the Russian Civil War, joined the Communist Party in 1919 and became a member of the Revolutionary Military Council (1919—1921) and worked at the Party School. He also continued his physics studies at various places eventually graduating from the Institute of Red Professors in Moscow in 1928. In this year he was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osip Gelfond
Osip Isaakovich Gelfond () (1868–1942) was a Russian people, Russian physician and Marxist philosopher. Osip studied at the University of Paris, gaining a medical degree in 1896. He married Musia Gershevna in 1899, who had also recently graduated with a medical degree from the Sorbonne. Gelfond was friends with Anatoly Lunacharsky, Lazar Lagin and Lev Tumarkin. He participated in a seminar held in St Petersburg in 1908 by the Russian Machism, Russian Machists which led to the publication of ''Studies in the Philosophy of Marxism''. He was the father of Alexander Gelfond, born in 1906. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Gelfond, Osip Marxists from the Russian Empire University of Paris alumni Soviet people Russian people of Jewish descent 1868 births 1942 deaths ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Bogdanov
Alexander Aleksandrovich Bogdanov (; – 7 April 1928), born Alexander Malinovsky, was a Russian and later Soviet physician, philosopher, science fiction writer and Bolshevik revolutionary. He was a polymath who pioneered blood transfusion, as well as general systems theory, and made important contributions to cybernetics. He was a key figure in the early history of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (later the Communist Party of the Soviet Union), originally established 1898, and of its Bolshevik faction. Bogdanov co-founded the Bolsheviks in 1903, when they split with the Menshevik faction. He was a rival within the Bolsheviks to Vladimir Lenin (1870–1924), until being expelled in 1909 and founding his own faction Vpered. Following the Russian Revolutions of 1917, when the Bolsheviks came to power in the collapsing Russian Republic, he was an influential opponent of the Bolshevik government and Lenin from a Marxist leftist perspective during the first decade of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jakov Berman
Jakov Alexandrovich Berman (Russian: Я́ков Алекса́ндрович Берма́н; 15 January 1868 – 1933) was a Russian philosopher and political theorist linked to Russian Machism and pragmatism. In 1908 he published ''Dialectics in the Light of the Modern Theory of Knowledge'' and also contributed to '' Studies in the Philosophy of Marxism'', an anthology of works by Russian Marxist Machists, which Lenin criticised in '' Materialism and Empirio-criticism''. Lenin also criticised his ''Dialectics in the Light of the Modern Theory of Knowledge''. In 1911 Berman published ''The Essence of Pragmatism''. After the Bolshevik seizure of power, he joined the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik) The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU),. Abbreviated in Russian as КПСС, ''KPSS''. at some points known as the Russian Communist Party (RCP), All-Union Communist Party and Bolshevik Party, and sometimes referred to as the Soviet ... and continued his academic care ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir Bazarov
Vladimir Alexandrovich Bazarov (Russian: Влади́мир Алекса́ндрович База́ров; 8 August O. S. 27 July">Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and New Style dates">O. S. 27 July1874 – 16 September 1939) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary, journalist, philosopher, and economist. Born as Vladimir Alexandrovich Rudnev, Bazarov is best remembered as a pioneer in the development of economic planning in the Soviet Union. He was one of the Russian Machists, as Lenin dubbed the term, and was a close friend to Alexander Bogdanov. Early career Early years Vladimir Alexandrovich Rudnev was born on 8 August 1874 (N.S.) in Tula, Russian Empire. The son of a doctor and nobleman, A. M. Rudnev, he enrolled in the Tula classical gimnaziia (high school) in 1884, and graduated in the spring of 1892. In the autumn of 1892, Rudnev enrolled in the faculty of natural sciences of Moscow University.Naum Jasny, ''Soviet Economists of the Twenties ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikolai Valentinov
Nikolai Vladislavovich Valentinov (Rusaian: Николай Владиславович Валентинов; 18 May 1880 – 26 July 1964) was a Russian philosopher, journalist and economist. A member of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party (RSDRP), he was an exponent of empirio-criticism. He was also known as Nikolai Valentinov-Volski and, later, as E. Yurevski. Biography Early years Nikolai Vladislavovich Volski was born in Morshansk, in the Tambov Governorate of the Russian Empire, in 1879. His family was of Lithuanian origin. As a student at the St. Petersburg Technological Institute, Volski became involved in the revolutionary movement. At first he sympathised with the Narodniki (populists) and became affiliated with some of the early Socialist-Revolutionary circles. Later he discovered Marxism and became involved in the Social-Democratic party. In 1898, Volski was arrested and banished to Ufa. In 1900, after his release, he moved to Kiev, where he attended ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Materialism And Empirio-criticism
''Materialism and Empirio-criticism'' (Russian: Материализм и эмпириокритицизм, ''Materializm i empiriokrititsizm'') is a philosophical work by Vladimir Lenin, published in 1909. It was an obligatory subject of study in all institutions of higher education in the Soviet Union, as a seminal work of dialectical materialism, a part of the curriculum called " Marxist–Leninist Philosophy". Lenin argued that human minds are capable of forming representations of the world that portray the world as it is. Thus, Lenin argues, our beliefs about the world can be objectively true; a belief is true when it accurately reflects the facts. According to Lenin, absolute truth is possible, but our theories are often only relatively true. Scientific theories can therefore constitute knowledge of the world. Lenin formulates the fundamental philosophical contradiction between idealism and materialism as follows: "Materialism is the recognition of 'objects in themselves' o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov ( 187021 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He was the first head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 until Death and state funeral of Vladimir Lenin, his death in 1924, and of the Soviet Union from 1922 until his death. As the founder and leader of the Bolsheviks, Lenin led the October Revolution which established the world's first socialist state. His government won the Russian Civil War and created a one-party state under the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Communist Party. Ideologically a Marxist, his developments to the ideology are called Leninism. Born into a middle-class family in Simbirsk in the Russian Empire, Lenin embraced revolutionary socialist politics after Aleksandr Ulyanov, his brother was executed in 1887 for plotting to assassinate Alexander III of Russia, the tsar. He was expelled from Kazan Imperial University for participating in student prote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Studies In The Philosophy Of Marxism
''Studies in the Philosophy of Marxism'' () was an account of a seminar held by Vladimir Bazarov, Alexander Bogdanov, Anatoly Lunacharsky, Jakov Berman, Osip Gelfond, Pavel Yushkevich and Sergey Suvorov published in St Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland ... in 1908. Contents The articles were not connected by a single comprehensive philosophical “system”. Preface to the First Edition I. V. Bazarov: "Mysticism and realism of our time" II. Ya. Berman: "On Dialectics" III. A. Lunachersky: "Atheists" IV "Modern energy from the point of view of empiriosymbolism" Yushkevich argued that human cognition was the “inseparable connection of the real and the ideal, the given and the created, the factual and the symbolical". Like Bogdanov, he viewed the meaning of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
