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Robert Bothereau
Robert Eugène Amilcar Bothereau (22 February 1901 - 31 May 1985) was a French trade union leader. He was the secretary general of Workers' Force from 1948 to 1963. Born in Baule, Bothereau worked on the family's vineyard while his father fought in World War I, then completed an apprenticeship as a car mechanic. He joined the Metalworkers' Federation, an affiliate of the General Confederation of Labour (CGT). He undertook his compulsory military service in Orleans, then afterwards remained there, working as a car mechanic. As he was employed by the government, he joined the local union of state workers, soon becoming its deputy secretary, and also serving on the committee of the Orleans trades council. He began to do much work for the departmental CGT union, and in 1929, was elected as its secretary. CGT membership in the department grew under Bothereau, and his skills were recognised by CGT leader Léon Jouhaux. in 1933, he was appointed to the CGT executive, where he worked ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Bothereau En 1936
The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of '' Hruod'' () "fame, glory, honour, praise, renown, godlike" and ''berht'' "bright, light, shining"). It is the second most frequently used given name of ancient Germanic origin.Reaney & Wilson, 1997. ''Dictionary of English Surnames''. Oxford University Press. It is also in use as a surname. Another commonly used form of the name is Rupert. After becoming widely used in Continental Europe, the name entered England in its Old French form ''Robert'', where an Old English cognate form (''Hrēodbēorht'', ''Hrodberht'', ''Hrēodbēorð'', ''Hrœdbœrð'', ''Hrœdberð'', ''Hrōðberχtŕ'') had existed before the Norman Conquest. The feminine version is Roberta. The Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish form is Roberto. Robert is also a common name in many Germanic languages, including Eng ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Saillant
Louis André Saillant (; 27 November 1910 – 28 October 1974) was a French trade unionist and resistance fighter. Biography Born in Valence, Drôme, Saillant worked as a cabinet maker. He became active in the General Confederation of Labour (CGT), becoming secretary of its Building and Woodworkers' Federation. In 1940, the Vichy government outlawed trade unions, but the CGT continued, illegally, in support of the French Resistance. Saillant was a signatory to the ''Manifesto of the Twelve'', in which twelve leading trade unionists publicly opposed Vichy policy, and was also active in Libération-Nord. In 1943, the CGT was a founding element of the National Council of the Resistance (CNR), and Saillant became its delegate to the CNR, taking over as chair of the resistance in 1944. In 1945, he attended the World Trade Union Conference in London alongside many renowned trade unionists and he was elected as the general secretary of the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFT ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1901 Births
December 13 of this year is the beginning of signed 32-bit computing, 32-bit Unix time, and is scheduled to end in Year 2038 problem, January 19, 2038. Summary Political and military 1901 started with the Federation of Australia, unification of multiple Crown colony, British colonies in Australia on January 1 to form the Australia, Commonwealth of Australia after a 1898–1900 Australian constitutional referendums, referendum in 1900, Subsequently, the 1901 Australian federal election, 1901 Australian election would see the first Prime Minister of Australia, Australian prime minister, Edmund Barton. On the same day, Nigeria became a Colonial Nigeria, British protectorate. Following this, the Victorian era, Victorian Era would come to a end after Queen Victoria died on January 22 after a reign of 63 years and 216 days, which was List of monarchs in Britain by length of reign, longer than those of any of her predecessors, Her son, Edward VII, succeeded her to the throne. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
André Bergeron
André Louis Bergeron (1 January 1922 – 19 September 2014) was a French people, French trade union leader. Born in Suarce, Bergeron was brought up in the Plymouth Brethren faith, but broke with it while still at school, joining the Socialist Youth. He started an apprenticeship in printing, and joined a union affiliated to the General Confederation of Labour (France), General Confederation of Labour (CGT), but the printing company closed in 1939, before he had qualified, and he instead found work with Postes, Télégraphes et Téléphones (France), Postes, Télégraphes et Téléphones. During World War II, he avoided serving in the Nazi forces, and in 1941 was arrested, spending much of the war interned in Austria, undertaking forced labour. After the war, Bergeron moved to Belfort and to printing, and in 1946, he was elected as secretary of the local typographers' union. Along with the majority of local trade unionists, he left the CGT and joined the new Workers' Force ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beaugency
Beaugency () is a Communes of France, commune in the Loiret Departments of France, department, Centre-Val de Loire, north-central France. It is located on the Loire river, upriver (northeast) from Blois and downriver from Orléans. History Medieval Aaron ben Joseph of Beaugency and Eliezer of Beaugency were Bible commentators and Rabbinic literature, rabbinical scholars, who flourished in the twelfth century in the city. Lords of Beaugency The lords of Beaugency attained considerable importance in the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries; at the end of the 13th century they sold the fiefdom to the Crown. They were responsible for building Château de Beaugency, which as originally a wooden structure, later replaced with a stone one by Lancelin I de Beaugency, the first lord of Beaugency. The massive original keep is today a ruined shell, surrounded by a mansion built later on in the 14th century. The family that became the lords or Seigneurs of Beaugency started with Landry sore. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conseiller D'État (France)
In France, a Councillor of State (，) is a high-level government official of administrative law in the French Conseil d'État (France), Council of State. Under the Ancien Régime Councillors of State were among the highest dignitaries of the French monarchy during the Ancien Régime. Being thirty in total, the Councillors of State included three clergymen, three from the old French nobility, nobility (nobility "of the sword" or ''d'épée''), and twenty-four from the ''French nobility, noblesse de robe'', or "administrative nobility". Ninety percent of the Councillors of State ''de robe'' were promoted from among the Master of Requests (France), Masters of Requests, while the rest were chosen from among judges of the prerogative courts; often they had prior experience working as intendants. In 1789, their number was increased to 42: 25 full-time Councillors ordinary, 16 part-time consellors who functioned on a semester schedule, and the eldest of the Masters of Requests. Their t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bank Of France
The Bank of France ( ) is the national central bank for France within the Eurosystem. It was the French central bank between 1800 and 1998, issuing the French franc. It does not translate its name to English, and thus calls itself ''Banque de France'' in all English communications. The Bank of France was originally established by Napoleon Bonaparte as a private-sector corporation with unique public status. It was granted note-issuance monopoly in Paris in 1803 and in the entire country in 1848. Long independent from direct political interference, it was brought under government control in 1936 and eventually nationalized in 1945. While other banks of issue were established in the French colonial empire, the Bank of France remained Metropolitan France's sole monetary authority until France's adoption of the euro as its currency. The Bank of France long held high prestige as an anchor of financial stability, especially before the monetary turmoil that followed World War I. In 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Confederation Of Free Trade Unions
The International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) was an international trade union. It came into being on 7 December 1949 following a split within the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU), and was dissolved on 31 October 2006 when it merged with the World Confederation of Labour (WCL) to form the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC). Prior to being dissolved, the ICFTU had a membership of 157 million members in 225 affiliated organisations in 148 countries and territories. History In 1949, early in the Cold War, alleging Communism, Communist domination of the WFTU's central institutions, a large number of non-communist national trade union federations (including the U.S. Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), the British Trades Union Congress, TUC, the French Force Ouvrière, FO, the Italian Italian Confederation of Workers' Trade Unions, CISL and the Spanish Unión General de Trabajadores, UGT) seceded and created the rival ICFTU at a conference ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberation Of France
The liberation of France () in the Second World War was accomplished through diplomacy, politics and the combined military efforts of the Allied Powers, Free French forces in London and Africa, as well as the French Resistance. Nazi Germany invaded France in May 1940. Their rapid advance through the almost undefended Ardennes caused a crisis in the French government; the French Third Republic dissolved itself in July, and handed over absolute power to Marshal Philippe Pétain, an elderly hero of World War I. Pétain signed an armistice with Germany with the north and west of France under German military occupation. Pétain, charged with calling a Constitutional Authority, instead established an authoritarian government in the spa town of Vichy, in the southern ''zone libre'' ("free zone"). Though nominally independent, Vichy France became a collaborationist regime and was little more than a Nazi client state that actively participated in Jewish deportations and aided German ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albert Gazier
Albert Gazier (; 16 May 1908 – 2 March 1997) was a French trade union leader and politician. During World War II (1939–45) he helped reorganize the unions during the German occupation of France. He escaped arrest by the Gestapo, made his way to England, and represented the trade union movement in General de Gaulle's Free French government. After the war he was a deputy in the legislature from 1945 to 1958. He was Minister of Information from 1950 to 1951 and again for two weeks in 1958. He was Minister of Social Affairs from 1956 to 1957. As a minister he tried but failed to contain health costs, and contributed to the fiasco of the Suez Crisis. Early years (1908–28) Albert Gazier was born in Valenciennes, Nord, on 16 May 1908. His family adhered to Jansenism, and has been traced to a peasant family in 1814 in Taverny, to the north of Paris. His grandfather, Augustin Gazier (1844–1922) was a professor of literature at the Sorbonne who headed the Association of Friends of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
René Belin
René Belin (; 14 April 1898 – 2 January 1977) was a French trade unionist and politician. In the 1930s he became one of the leaders of the French General Confederation of Labour. He was strongly opposed to communism. In the prelude to World War II (1939–45) he favored a policy of appeasement. After the defeat of France, he was Minister of Industrial Production and Minister of Labour in the collaborationist Vichy Government, holding the latter office until April 1942. He oversaw the destruction of unionism. As a result, he was expelled from the CGT in 1944. After the war he tried to form an anti-communist union movement, but with limited success. Life Pre-war René Belin was born on 14 April 1898 at Bourg-en-Bresse, Ain. Belin was a clerk at the telephone company, then a writer at the PTT (Posts, Telegraphs, and Telephones) in 1920. In 1926 he became secretary of the ''Confédération Générale du Travail'' (CGT: General Confederation of Labour) union of postal workers in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Workers' Force
The General Confederation of Labor - Workers' Force (, or simply , FO), is one of the five major union confederations in France. In terms of following, it is the third behind the CGT and the CFDT. Force Ouvrière was founded in 1948 by former members of the General Confederation of Labor (CGT) who denounced the dominance of the French Communist Party over that federation. FO is a member of the European Trade Union Confederation. Its leader is Frédéric Souillot, since June 2022. History After World War II, members of the French Communist Party attained considerable influence within the CGT, controlling 21 of its 30 federations. The communists, at the time in the French government, used their positions inside the CGT to stop strikes in the name of the "battle for national production". Maurice Thorez, the leader of the PCF, make a telling declaration : "Strike is the tool of the capitalist trusts". For quite a number of union members, this attitude is a betrayal of the 1906 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
