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Rent-setting
Rent-setting (also spelled as rent setting; ), also known as rent-creating, refers to the act of governments or bureaucrats using their power to intervene in the market, resulting in the formation of new economic rents and creating rent-seeking opportunities for certain market entities. In short, it means that the power itself committed an act in order to take a bribe. The concept of rent-setting was coined by Appelbaum and Katz in 1987. This theory holds that since the regulator itself may become a rent-seeker, the rent-seeker itself will become a rent-setter and thus endogenously determine the size of the rent. Rent-setting is part of the chain of the rent-seeking process. It can generally be divided into three types: unintentional rent-setting, passive rent-setting and active rent-setting. In a 'power-money' transaction, rent-setting is from 'power' to 'money', while rent-seeking is often 'money-power-money increment'. In fact, rent seeking and rent setting are two sides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rent Extraction
Rent extraction () is a notion formulated by American jurist Fred S. Mcchesney (1948–2017) in his 1987 essay ''Rent Extraction and Rent Creation in the Economic Theory of Regulation''. It refers to the phenomenon by which entrepreneurial politicians take advantage of the threat of implementing new regulations to obtain political support from interest groups that want to be free from regulatory interference. This strategy is in particular useful when a group has made specific capital investments that can be expropriated in the political process. "Rent extraction" means the ability of lawmakers to squeeze payments (i.e. "rents") in some form in exchange for favorable legislation. The term presents a conscious, welfare maximization strategy by individual Politician, statespersons. It emerges when political decision makers derive benefits from the rents they generate. And the beneficiaries of rent extraction can also be local governments at all levels and the private individuals. R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Economic Observer
''The Economic Observer'' () is an independent weekly simplified-character Chinese newspaper published in the People's Republic of China since April 2001. The newspaper is considered one of the top three economic-focused newspapers in China"The Economic Observer" ''Danwei'', Retrieved on 16 June 2010. and is well regarded for its in-depth special features and commentary. Inspired by the British '''', as of September 2001, the Economic Observer has also been printed on salmon/peach-colored paper. Although the newspaper's editorial offices are based in Beijing, the newspaper is actually registered in Ji'nan, the capital of Shandong provin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CITIC Press Group
CITIC Press Group (), formerly CITIC Publishing Group, is a publishing company founded in 1988 based in Beijing, China. The publisher is a subsidiary of the state-owned CITIC Group. They engage in digital and physical book retail and provide professional education. History The company was established in 1988 as China CITIC Press. In 2001, Wang Bin was hired to run the publishing house. It was reorganized to CITIC Publishing Group in 2008, and renamed back to CITIC Press in 2013. Since 2010, the CITIC Press Group has been developing a network of bookstores in major airports and other important buildings in China. By December 2015, the company owned 132 bookstores, and announced its plan to open of a 1,000 more the following year. In January 2017, the company announced the launch of its content product aggregation platform ''Citic Academy''. In September 2017, the CITIC Press Group signed a deal with Japan's Culture Convenience Club is a Japanese company that operates Tsuta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Factors Of Production
In economics, factors of production, resources, or inputs are what is used in the production process to produce output—that is, goods and services. The utilised amounts of the various inputs determine the quantity of output according to the relationship called the production function. There are four ''basic'' resources or factors of production: land, labour, capital and entrepreneur (or enterprise). The factors are also frequently labeled "producer goods or services" to distinguish them from the goods or services purchased by consumers, which are frequently labeled "consumer goods". There are two types of factors: ''primary'' and ''secondary''. The previously mentioned primary factors are land, labour and capital. Materials and energy are considered secondary factors in classical economics because they are obtained from land, labour, and capital. The primary factors facilitate production but neither become part of the product (as with raw materials) nor become significantly tran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economic Rent
In economics, economic rent is any payment to the owner of a factor of production in excess of the costs needed to bring that factor into production. In classical economics, economic rent is any payment made (including imputed value) or benefit received for non-produced inputs such as location (land) and for assets formed by creating official privilege over natural opportunities (e.g., patents). In the moral economy of neoclassical economics, assuming the market is natural, and does not come about by state and social contrivance, economic rent includes income gained by labor or state beneficiaries or other "contrived" exclusivity, such as labor guilds and unofficial corruption. Overview In the moral economy of the economics tradition broadly, economic rent is distinct from producer surplus, or normal profit, both of which are theorized to involve productive human action. Economic rent is also independent of opportunity cost, unlike economic profit, where opportunity c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rent-seeking
Rent-seeking is the act of growing one's existing wealth by manipulating the social or political environment without creating new wealth. Rent-seeking activities have negative effects on the rest of society. They result in reduced economic efficiency through misallocation of resources, stifled competition, reduced wealth creation, lost government revenue, heightened income inequality, heightened debt levels, risk of growing corruption and cronyism, decreased public trust in institutions, and potential national decline. Successful capture of regulatory agencies (if any) to gain a coercive monopoly can result in advantages for rent-seekers in a market while imposing disadvantages on their uncorrupt competitors. This is one of many possible forms of rent-seeking behavior. Theory The term "rent", in the narrow sense of land rent, was coined by the British 19th-century economist David Ricardo, but rent-seeking only became the subject of durable interest among economists an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Utopia (internet Forum)
The Utopia ( zh, s=乌有之乡, p=Wūyǒu Zhī Xiāng) is a Chinese internet forum noted for its strong support of Maoist and communist ideology. The forum is notable for its promotion of Maoist philosophy and for its occasional clashes with the Chinese Communist Party. History Utopia was founded in 2003 by Fan Jinggang, who owned a bookstore (also named Utopia, zh, s=乌有之乡, labels=no) in Beijing, China. The forum was created with the stated intent to be “a patriotic website for the public interest", and soon acquired a political lean towards Maoism. In addition to online activities, Utopia also has organized offline events and campaigns. In 2011, Utopia organized a campaign against Chinese writer Mao Yushi and historian Xin Zilin who wrote and published critical histories of Mao Zedong. The campaign involved organizing of a petition of 40,000 signatures, including those of Liu Siqi (the widow of one of Mao's sons), former vice-minister Ma Bin, and Peking Universit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Routledge
Routledge ( ) is a British multinational corporation, multinational publisher. It was founded in 1836 by George Routledge, and specialises in providing academic books, academic journals, journals and online resources in the fields of the humanities, behavioral science, behavioural science, education, law, and social science. The company publishes approximately 1,800 journals and 5,000 new books each year and their backlist encompasses over 140,000 titles. Routledge is claimed to be the largest global academic publisher within humanities and social sciences. In 1998, Routledge became a subdivision and Imprint (trade name), imprint of its former rival, Taylor & Francis, Taylor & Francis Group (T&F), as a result of a £90-million acquisition deal from Cinven, a venture capital group which had purchased it two years previously for £25 million. Following the merger of Informa and T&F in 2004, Routledge became a publishing unit and major imprint within the Informa "academic publishing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China Social Sciences Press
China Social Sciences Press (CSSP, traditional Chinese: 中國社會科學出版社; simplified Chinese: 中国社会科学出版社), also known as Social Sciences in China Press, is a Chinese state-level publishing house sponsored and managed by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, which publishes academic works in the humanities and social sciences. History China Social Sciences Publishing House was proposed by Hu Qiaomu and officially established on 14 June 1978 after the instructions of Deng Xiaoping, Li Xiannian, Hua Guofeng and others of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. In October 2020, the United States Department of State designated China Social Sciences Press as a foreign mission of China. See also * Academic publishing in China *China Science Publishing & Media *Science and technology in the People's Republic of China Science and technology in the People's Republic of China have developed rapidly since the 1980s to the 2020s, wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Springer Science & Business Media
Springer Science+Business Media, commonly known as Springer, is a German multinational publishing company of books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing. Originally founded in 1842 in Berlin, it expanded internationally in the 1960s, and through mergers in the 1990s and a sale to venture capitalists it fused with Wolters Kluwer and eventually became part of Springer Nature in 2015. Springer has major offices in Berlin, Heidelberg, Dordrecht, and New York City. History Julius Springer founded Springer-Verlag in Berlin in 1842 and his son Ferdinand Springer grew it from a small firm of 4 employees into Germany's then second-largest academic publisher with 65 staff in 1872.Chronology ". Springer Science+Business Media. In 1964, Springer expanded its business internationally, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rent-seeking
Rent-seeking is the act of growing one's existing wealth by manipulating the social or political environment without creating new wealth. Rent-seeking activities have negative effects on the rest of society. They result in reduced economic efficiency through misallocation of resources, stifled competition, reduced wealth creation, lost government revenue, heightened income inequality, heightened debt levels, risk of growing corruption and cronyism, decreased public trust in institutions, and potential national decline. Successful capture of regulatory agencies (if any) to gain a coercive monopoly can result in advantages for rent-seekers in a market while imposing disadvantages on their uncorrupt competitors. This is one of many possible forms of rent-seeking behavior. Theory The term "rent", in the narrow sense of land rent, was coined by the British 19th-century economist David Ricardo, but rent-seeking only became the subject of durable interest among economists an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Market (economics)
In economics, a market is a composition of systems, institutions, procedures, social relations or infrastructures whereby parties engage in Exchange (economics), exchange. While parties may exchange goods and services by barter, most markets rely on sellers offering their goods or services (including labour power) to buyers in exchange for money. It can be said that a market is the process by which the value of goods and services are established. Markets facilitate trade and enable the distribution and allocation of resources in a society. Markets allow any tradeable item to be evaluated and priced. A market emergence, emerges more or less spontaneous order, spontaneously or may be constructed deliberately by human interaction in order to enable the exchange of rights (cf. ownership) of services and goods. Markets generally supplant Gift economy, gift economies and are often held in place through rules and customs, such as a booth fee, competitive pricing, and source of goods for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
