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Red Hat Merchant
Red hat merchant (; ''hong-ding shangren''), alternatively translated as red-hat businessman, entrepreneur with red hat, refers to a government official who also appears as a businessman, combining the roles of civil servant and businessman, that is, "government businessman". The term originated from the Qing dynasty and was initially used to describe state officials who were also engaged in commercial activities. At that time, wealthy officials often wore caps with rubies. The typical representative of the "red hat merchant" is Hu Xueyan, a prominent businessman in the late Qing dynasty. Nowadays, the term "red hat merchant" is widely used to refer to a businessperson who benefits from good relationships with important high-level government officials. The term is also used to refer to businesspeople who hold top positions in local companies and local government financing vehicles. Through the strategy referred to by the slogan "wearing a red hat," some private entrepreneurs obt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qing Dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China. At its height of power, the empire stretched from the Sea of Japan in the east to the Pamir Mountains in the west, and from the Mongolian Plateau in the north to the South China Sea in the south. Originally emerging from the Later Jin (1616–1636), Later Jin dynasty founded in 1616 and proclaimed in Shenyang in 1636, the dynasty seized control of the Ming capital Beijing and North China in 1644, traditionally considered the start of the dynasty's rule. The dynasty lasted until the Xinhai Revolution of October 1911 led to the abdication of the last emperor in February 1912. The multi-ethnic Qing dynasty Legacy of the Qing dynasty, assembled the territoria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Daily Online
People's Daily Online is a state media company controlled by the People's Daily Press, the publisher of the ''People's Daily'', the official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. Formerly the online version of the ''People's Daily'', it was officially launched on January 1, 1997. The company is listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange. People's Daily Online has 17 versions in 16 languages, including Chinese ( simplified and traditional), English, Japanese, French, German, Spanish, Russian, Arabic, Korean (for overseas), Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur, Kazakh, Korean (for Chinese Koreans), Yi, and Zhuang. It has 31 branches in mainland China and overseas branches in South Korea, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, South Africa and the United States. On March 19, 2013, People's Daily Online opened a branch in Hong Kong. History People's Daily Online was officially launched on January 1, 1997. On March 19, 2013, People's Daily Online opened a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Business Terms
Chinese may refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people identified with China, through nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **Han Chinese, East Asian ethnic group native to China. **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of various ethnicities in contemporary China ** Ethnic minorities in China, people of non-Han Chinese ethnicities in modern China ** Ethnic groups in Chinese history, people of various ethnicities in historical China ** Nationals of the People's Republic of China ** Nationals of the Republic of China ** Overseas Chinese, Chinese people residing outside the territories of mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan * Sinitic languages, the major branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family ** Chinese language, a group of related languages spoken predominantly in China, sharing a written script (Chinese characters in traditional and simplified forms) *** Standard Chines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Township And Village Enterprises
Township and Village Enterprises (TVEs, ) are market-oriented public enterprises under the purview of local governments based in townships and villages in China. History Before the Reform and Opening Although Chinese paramount leader Deng Xiaoping was reported to have said that TVEs "appear(ed) out of nowhere" in 1987, the industrial development in rural China could be traced back to as early as 1950s. During this period, rural enterprises, often with names "commune and brigade enterprises" and of neglectable size, served as a supplement to those state-owned enterprises (SOE), which mainly focused on heavy industrial sectors, and were established by the people's communes and bridges to support agricultural production and to produce rural social products for local and domestic needs. The political turmoil between late 1950s and early 1960s, like the Great Leap Forward, at one time halted the development of rural enterprises and some were suspended. Nevertheless, encouraged ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cornell University Press
The Cornell University Press is the university press of Cornell University, an Ivy League university in Ithaca, New York. It is currently housed in Sage House, the former residence of Henry William Sage. It was first established in 1869, making it the first university publishing enterprise in the United States, but was inactive from 1884 to 1930. The press was established in the College of the Mechanic Arts, as mechanical engineering was called in the 19th century, because engineers knew more about running steam-powered printing presses than literature professors. Since its inception, The press has offered work-study financial aid: students with previous training in the printing trades were paid for typesetting and running the presses that printed textbooks, pamphlets, a weekly student journal, and official university publications. Today, the press is one of the country's largest university presses. It produces approximately 150 nonfiction titles each year in various disci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Local Government Financing Vehicle
In China, a local government financing vehicle (LGFV) (), is a funding mechanism for local governments. An LGFV is usually an investment company that borrows money to finance real estate development and other local infrastructure projects. LGFVs can borrow money from banks, or they can borrow on the open market by selling bonds known as "municipal investment bonds" or "municipal corporate bonds" ( or ), which are repackaged as " wealth management products" and sold to individuals. Since local governments in China are not allowed to issue municipal bonds, LGFVs have played a unique role in securing funding for local governments to develop their economies. However, the vehicles rarely make enough returns to pay back their debts, often requiring local governments to raise more money to pay back their creditors. Both the number and the indebtedness of LGFVs have soared in recent years, sparking fears about their inability to repay debts as well as subsequent defaults. Although LGFVs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crime, Law And Social Change
''Crime, Law and Social Change'' is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering criminology from a global perspective, with a particular focus on "financial crime, corruption, terrorism and organizational crime". It was established in 1977 as ''Contemporary Crises'', obtaining its current name in 1991. The editors-in-chief are Mary Dodge ( University of Colorado Denver) and Willem Huisman (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam). According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2017 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a type of journal ranking. Journals with higher impact factor values are considered more prestigious or important within their field. The Impact Factor of a journa ... of 0.662. References External links * Springer Science+Business Media academic journals Criminology journals Sociology journals Academic journals established in 1977 Monthly journals English-language journals { ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Springer
Springer or springers may refer to: Publishers * Springer Science+Business Media, aka Springer International Publishing, a worldwide publishing group founded in 1842 in Germany formerly known as Springer-Verlag. ** Springer Nature, a multinational academic publishing group created by the merger of Springer Science+Business Media, Nature Publishing Group, Palgrave Macmillan, and Macmillan Education * Axel Springer SE, a German publishing house, including several newspapers * Springer Publishing, an American publishing company of academic journals and books, mainly focusing on public health. Places ;United States * Springer, New Mexico * Springer, Oklahoma * Springer Mountain, southern terminus of the Appalachian Trail * Springer Opera House, Columbus, Georgia Animals * In cattle, a cow or heifer near to calving * English Springer Spaniel, a breed of dog * Welsh Springer Spaniel, a breed of dog * Springer (orca), an orca (killer whale) identified as A73 in her wild community Vehic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Standard (Hong Kong)
''The Standard'' is an English-language free newspaper in Hong Kong with a daily circulation of 200,450 in 2012. It was formerly called the ''Hongkong Standard'' and changed to ''HKiMail'' during the Internet boom but partially reverted to ''The Standard'' in 2001. The ''South China Morning Post'' (SCMP) is its main local competitor. Format ''The Standard'' is printed in tabloid format rather than in broadsheet. It is published daily from Monday to Friday. Ownership , ''The Standard'' was published by Hong Kong iMail Newspapers Limited (previously known as Hong Kong Standard Newspapers Limited) but currently The Standard Newspapers Publishing Limited. These enterprises are owned by Sing Tao News Corporation Limited, also the publisher of ''Sing Tao Daily'' and '' Headline Daily.'' ''The Standard'' was previously owned by Sally Aw's Sing Tao Holdings Limited. Aw is the daughter of the founder Aw Boon Haw. In 1999 Holdings was acquired by a private equity fund, and in Jan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rubies
Ruby is a pinkish-red-to-blood-red-colored gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide). Ruby is one of the most popular traditional jewelry gems and is very durable. Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires; given that the rest of the corundum species are called as such, rubies are sometimes referred to as "red sapphires". Ruby is one of the traditional cardinal gems, alongside amethyst, sapphire, emerald, and diamond. The word ''ruby'' comes from ''ruber'', Latin for red. The color of a ruby is due to the presence of chromium. Some gemstones that are popularly or historically called rubies, such as the Black Prince's Ruby in the British Imperial State Crown, are actually spinels. These were once known as "Balas rubies". The quality of a ruby is determined by its color, cut, and clarity, which, along with carat weight, affect its value. The brightest and most valuable shade of red, called blood-red or pigeon blood, commands a larg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hu Xueyan
Hu Guangyong (1823–1885) (胡光墉), better known by his courtesy name Xueyan (胡雪巖), was a businessman in China during the latter Qing dynasty. He was active in banking, real estate, shipping and Chinese medicine. He was involved in the salt, tea, clothing, grain as well as the arms trade. Hu was the only person of the merchant class in the Qing dynasty to be awarded a red-topped hat, a rank indicating an officer of second grade () by the Qing imperial court. He was also one of the few people given express permission by Empress Dowager Cixi to ride a horse in the Forbidden City. Biography Born in 1823 in Jixi County, Anhui Province, in 1837, the 14-year-old Hu moved to Hangzhou, Zhejiang to be apprenticed to a private bank which would later become the foundation of his Fukang Bank (). Through a series of events, at 26 years of age, he became friends with a local salt magnate, Wang Youling. He borrowed 500 taels of silver in bank drafts to help Wang run for office ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Wiley & Sons
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., commonly known as Wiley (), is an American Multinational corporation, multinational Publishing, publishing company that focuses on academic publishing and instructional materials. The company was founded in 1807 and produces books, Academic journal, journals, and encyclopedias, in print and electronically, as well as online products and services, training materials, and educational materials for undergraduate, graduate, and continuing education students. History The company was established in 1807 when Charles Wiley opened a print shop in Manhattan. The company was the publisher of 19th century American literary figures like James Fenimore Cooper, Washington Irving, Herman Melville, and Edgar Allan Poe, as well as of legal, religious, and other non-fiction titles. The firm took its current name in 1865. Wiley later shifted its focus to scientific, Technology, technical, and engineering subject areas, abandoning its literary interests. Wiley's son Joh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
