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Raptor Vacuum Engine
Raptor is a family of rocket engines developed and manufactured by SpaceX. It is the third rocket engine in history designed with a full-flow staged combustion fuel cycle, and the first such engine to power a vehicle in flight. The engine is powered by cryogenic liquid methane and liquid oxygen, a combination known as methalox. SpaceX's super-heavy-lift Starship uses Raptor engines in its Super Heavy booster and in the Starship second stage. Starship missions include lifting payloads to Earth orbit and is also planned for missions to the Moon and Mars. The engines are being designed for reuse with little maintenance. Design Raptor is designed for extreme reliability, aiming to support the airline-level safety required by the point-to-point Earth transportation market. Gwynne Shotwell claimed that Raptor would be able to deliver "long life... and more benign turbine environments". Full-flow staged combustion Raptor is powered by subcooled liquid methane and subcooled li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hawthorne, California
Hawthorne is a city in southwestern Los Angeles County, California. It is part of a seventeen-city subregion of the Los Angeles metropolitan area commonly known as the South Bay (Los Angeles County), South Bay. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 US census, Hawthorne had a population of 88,083. History Hawthorne was once part of the ''Rancho Sausal Redondo'' (Round Willow-grove Ranch) of the Ranchos of California, Mexican land grant in present-day Los Angeles County, California given in 1837 to Ávila family of California, Antonio Ygnacio Ávila by Juan Bautista Alvarado, Juan Alvarado the Mexican Governments Governor of Alta California. ''Rancho Sausal Redondo'' covered the area that now includes Playa Del Rey, California, Playa Del Rey, El Segundo, California, El Segundo, Manhattan Beach, California, Manhattan Beach, Lawndale, California, Lawndale, Hermosa Beach, California, Hermosa Beach, Inglewood, California, Inglewood, Hawthorne, and Redondo Beach, California, Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)
Starship is a spacecraft and Upper stage, second stage under development by American aerospace company SpaceX. Stacked atop its booster, SpaceX Super Heavy, Super Heavy, the pair compose SpaceX's Super heavy-lift launch vehicle, super heavy-lift space vehicle, also called SpaceX Starship, Starship. The spacecraft is designed to transport both crew and cargo to a variety of destinations, including Earth orbit, the Moon, and Mars. It is designed to be Reusable spacecraft, reusable and capable of Propulsive landing, landing propulsively by firing its engines to perform a controlled descent into the arms of a tower on Earth or with landing legs on other planetary bodies. It is intended to enable long-duration Interplanetary spaceflight, interplanetary flights with a crew of up to 100 people. It is also claimed by SpaceX to be capable of enabling travel to anywhere on Earth in under an hour. Furthermore, it has been proposed to be used to Orbital propellant depot, refuel other Starship ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hackaday
''Hackaday'' is a hardware hacking website. It was founded in 2004 as a web magazine. Since 2014, Hackaday also hosts a community database of open-source hardware designs. History Hackaday was founded in 2004 by Phillip Torrone as a web magazine for Engadget, devoted to publishing and archiving "the best hacks, mods and DIY projects from around web". Hackaday was since split from Engadget and its former parent company Weblogs, Inc. by its at the time owner Jason Calacanis. In 2007 ''Computerworld'' magazine ranked Hackaday #10 on their list of the top 15 geek blog sites. Hackaday.io started as a project hosting site in 2014 under the name of Hackaday Projects. It allows users to upload open-source hardware designs. As of 2015, it had grown into a social network of 100,000 members. In 2015, Hackaday's owner, Supplyframe, acquired the hardware marketplace Tindie. In 2021, Hackaday's owner, Supplyframe, was acquired by Siemens. See also * Instructables * Thingiverse * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Integrated Powerhead Demonstrator
The integrated powerhead demonstrator (IPD) was a U.S. Air Force project in the 1990s and early 2000s run by NASA and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) to develop a new rocket engine front-end ("powerhead", sometimes also termed a powerpack) that would utilize a full flow staged combustion cycle (FFSC). The prime contractors were Rocketdyne and Aerojet. The long-term design goal was to apply the advantages of FFSC to create a reusable engine with improved life, reliability and performance. The powerhead demonstrator project was to develop a demonstrator design of what could become the front-end for a future engine development project. No subsequent funding was made available by public policymakers, so no full engine design was ever completed. The turbines were also planned to feature hydrostatic bearings instead of the traditional ball bearings. History On July 19, 2006 Rocketdyne announced that the demonstrator engine front-end had been operated at full capacity. Acco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aerojet Rocketdyne
Aerojet Rocketdyne is a subsidiary of American Arms industry, defense company L3Harris that manufactures rocket, Hypersonic flight, hypersonic, and electric propulsive systems for space, defense, civil and commercial applications. Aerojet traces its origins to the General Tire and Rubber Company (later renamed GenCorp, Inc. as it diversified) established in 1915, while Rocketdyne was created as a division of North American Aviation in 1955. Aerojet Rocketdyne was formed in 2013 when Aerojet and Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne were merged, following the latter's acquisition by GenCorp, Inc. from Pratt & Whitney. Aerojet Rocketdyne was acquired by L3Harris in July 2023 for $4.7 billion. History Background: Aerojet Several decades after it began manufacturing rubber products, General Tire & Rubber diversified into broadcasting and aeronautics. In the 1940s, the Aerojet company began experimenting with various rocket designs. For a solid-fuel rocket, they needed binders, and tur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RD-270
RD-270 (, GRAU index: 8D420) was a single-chamber liquid-fuel rocket engine designed by Energomash (USSR) in 1960–1970. It was to be used on the first stages of the proposed heavy-lift UR-700 and UR-900 rocket families, as well as on the N1. It has the highest thrust among single-chamber engines of the USSR, 640 metric tons at the surface of Earth. The propellants used are a hypergolic mixture of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) fuel with dinitrogen tetroxide () oxidizer. The chamber pressure was among the highest considered, being about 26 MPa. This was achieved by applying the full-flow staged combustion cycle for all the incoming mass of fuel, which is turned into a gas and passes through multiple turbines before being burned in the combustion chamber. This allowed the engine to achieve a specific impulse of at the Earth's surface. Engine testing was underway when the decision was made to cancel the program. Development was stopped with all other work on correspond ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merlin (rocket Engine Family)
Merlin is a family of rocket engines developed by SpaceX. They are currently a part of the Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launch vehicles, and were formerly used on the Falcon 1. Merlin engines use RP-1 and liquid oxygen as rocket propellants in a gas-generator power cycle. The Merlin engine was originally designed for sea recovery and reuse, but since 2016 the entire Falcon 9 booster is recovered for reuse by landing vertically on a landing pad using one of its nine Merlin engines. The injector at the heart of Merlin is of the pintle type that was first used in the Apollo Lunar Module landing engine ( LMDE). Propellants are fed by a single-shaft, dual- impeller turbopump. The turbopump also provides high-pressure fluid for the hydraulic actuators, which then recycles into the low-pressure inlet. This eliminates the need for a separate hydraulic drive system and means that thrust vectoring control failure by running out of hydraulic fluid is not possible. Revisions Merlin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gas-generator Cycle (rocket)
The gas-generator cycle, also referred to as the GG cycle or colloquially as an open cycle, is one of the most commonly used power cycles in bipropellant liquid rocket engines. Propellant is burned in a gas generator (analogous to, but distinct from, a preburner in a staged combustion cycle) and the resulting hot gas is used to power the propellant pumps before being exhausted overboard and lost. Because of this loss, this type of engine is considered an open cycle (note other open cycles exist, e.g. the tap-off bleed cycle). The gas generator cycle exhaust products pass over the turbine's rotor(s) first. Then they are expelled overboard. They can be expelled directly from the turbine, or are sometimes expelled into the nozzle (downstream from the throat) for both a small gain in efficiency, and can serve as film cooling. An advantage of this cycle is the high pressure drop available to the turbine (GG chamber pressure down to ambient) for extracting work from the drive gas; at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subcooling
The term subcooling (also called undercooling) refers to the intentional process of cooling a liquid below its normal boiling point. For example, water boils at 373 K; at room temperature (293 K) liquid water is termed "subcooled". Subcooling is a common stage in refrigeration cycles and steam turbine cycles. Some rocket engines use subcooled propellants. In refrigeration systems, subcooling the refrigerant is necessary to ensure the completion of the remaining stages of the refrigeration cycle. The subcooling stage provides certainty that the refrigerant is fully liquid before it reaches the next step on the cycle, the thermal expansion valve, where the presence of gas can be disruptive.Ibrahim Dinçer, Refrigeration Systems and Applications. John Wiley & Sons, Second Edition, 2010, pp. 169-170/ref> Subcooling is often accomplished in heat exchangers. Subcooling and superheating, which are similar and inverse processes, are both important for the stability and well ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Full Flow Staged Rocket Cycle
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Full may refer to: * People with the surname Full, including: ** Mr. Full (given name unknown), acting Governor of German Cameroon, 1913 to 1914 * A property in the mathematical field of topology; see Full set * A property of functors in the mathematical field of category theory; see Full and faithful functors * Satiety, the absence of hunger * A standard bed size, see Bed * Full house (poker), a type of poker hand * Fulling, also known as tucking or walking ("waulking" in Scotland), term for a step in woollen clothmaking (verb: ''to full'') * Full-Reuenthal, a municipality in the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland See also *"Fullest", a song by the rapper Cupcakke *Ful (other) Ful or FUL may refer to: * Fula language * Fula people * Ful medames, a fava bean dish of Sudan and Egypt * Fullerton Municipal Airport, California, United States; IATA code FUL * Fullerton Transportation Center The Fullerton Transportation Ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gwynne Shotwell
Gwynne Shotwell ( Rowley, previously Gurevich; born November 23, 1963) is an American businesswoman and engineer. She is the president and chief operating officer of SpaceX, an American space transportation company, where she is responsible for day-to-day operations and company growth. , Shotwell is listed as the 28th most powerful woman in the world by ''Forbes''. She was ranked 54th on '' Fortune'''s list of Most Powerful Women in 2023. In 2020, ''Time'' magazine named her as one of the 100 most influential people in the world. In 2018, she was listed as the most powerful female engineer by '' Business Insider''. Early life Shotwell was born in Evanston, Illinois, as the middle of three daughters to a brain surgeon and an artist, and was raised in Libertyville, Illinois. In 1982, she graduated from Libertyville High School. In 1969 when she was five years old, she watched a television broadcast of the Apollo 11 mission with her family, but remembers finding it "boring" an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SpaceNews
''SpaceNews'' is a print and digital publication that covers business and political news in the space and satellite industry. ''SpaceNews'' provides news, commentary and analysis to an audience of government officials, politicians and executives within the space industry. ''SpaceNews'' details topics in civil, military and space and the satellite communications business. ''SpaceNews'' covers important news in North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East and South America from NASA, the European Space Agency, and private spaceflight firms such as Arianespace, International Launch Services, SpaceX and United Launch Alliance. The magazine regularly features profiles on relevant and important figures within the space industry. These profiles have featured numerous government leaders, corporate executives and other knowledgeable space experts, including NASA administrators Richard Truly, Daniel Goldin, Sean O’Keefe, Michael Griffin and Charles Boldin. Founded in 198 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
