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Raf-like Ras-binding Domain
Raf-like Ras-binding domain is an evolutionary conserved protein domain. This is the Ras-binding domain found in proteins related to Ras. Examples Human proteins containing this domain include: * ARAF * BRAF * RAF1 * RGS12, RGS14 Regulator of G-protein signaling 14 (RGS14) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RGS14'' gene. Function RGS14 is a member of the regulator of G protein signalling family. This protein contains one RGS domain, two Raf-like Ras-bind ... * TIAM1 References Protein domains {{protein-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein Domain
In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's Peptide, polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that Protein folding, folds independently from the rest. Each domain forms a compact folded Protein tertiary structure, three-dimensional structure. Many proteins consist of several domains, and a domain may appear in a variety of different proteins. Molecular evolution uses domains as building blocks and these may be recombined in different arrangements to create proteins with different functions. In general, domains vary in length from between about 50 amino acids up to 250 amino acids in length. The shortest domains, such as zinc fingers, are stabilized by metal ions or Disulfide bond, disulfide bridges. Domains often form functional units, such as the calcium-binding EF-hand, EF hand domain of calmodulin. Because they are independently stable, domains can be "swapped" by genetic engineering between one protein and another to make chimera (protein), chimeric ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ras Subfamily
Ras, from "Rat sarcoma virus", is a family of related proteins that are expressed in all animal cell lineages and organs. All Ras protein family members belong to a class of protein called small GTPase, and are involved in transmitting signals within cells ( cellular signal transduction). Ras is the prototypical member of the Ras superfamily of proteins, which are all related in three-dimensional structure and regulate diverse cell behaviours. When Ras is 'switched on' by incoming signals, it subsequently switches on other proteins, which ultimately turn on genes involved in cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Mutations in Ras genes can lead to the production of permanently activated Ras proteins, which can cause unintended and overactive signaling inside the cell, even in the absence of incoming signals. Because these signals result in cell growth and division, overactive Ras signaling can ultimately lead to cancer. The three Ras genes in humans (''HRAS'', ''KRAS'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ARAF
Serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf, or simply A-Raf, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''ARAF'' gene. It belongs to the Raf kinase family of serine/threonine-specific protein kinases, which also includes Raf-1 and B-Raf. A-Raf is involved in the MAPK/ERK pathway The MAPK/ERK pathway (also known as the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway) is a chain of proteins in the cell (biology), cell that communicates a signal from a Receptor (biochemistry), receptor on the surface of the cell to the DNA in the nucleus of the cel ..., where it contributes to cell signaling processes that regulate proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Compared to Raf-1 and B-Raf, A-Raf is less well studied and exhibits distinct structural and regulatory features, including low kinase activity and alternative splicing in cancer. In addition to its role in MAPK signaling, A-Raf has functions in apoptosis suppression, cancer metabolism, and endocytic trafficking. Structure A-Raf, a member of the R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BRAF (gene)
''BRAF'' is a human gene that encodes a protein called B-Raf. The gene is also referred to as proto-oncogene B-Raf and v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B, while the protein is more formally known as serine/threonine-protein kinase B-Raf. The B-Raf protein is involved in sending signal transduction, signals inside cells which are involved in directing cell growth. In 2002, it was shown to be Mutation, mutated in some human cancers. Certain other inherited ''BRAF'' mutations cause birth defects. Drugs that treat cancers driven by ''BRAF'' mutations have been developed. Two of these drugs, vemurafenib and dabrafenib, are approved by FDA for treatment of late-stage melanoma. Vemurafenib was the first approved drug to come out of fragment-based drug discovery. Function B-Raf is a member of the Raf kinase family of growth signal transduction protein kinases. This protein plays a role in regulating the Mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAP kinase/extracellular signal-reg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C-Raf
RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase, also known as proto-oncogene c-RAF or simply c-Raf or even Raf-1, is an enzyme that in humans is genetic code, encoded by the ''RAF1'' gene. The c-Raf protein is part of the MAPK/ERK pathway, ERK1/2 pathway as a MAP kinase (MAP3K) that functions downstream of the Ras subfamily of membrane associated GTPases. C-Raf is a member of the Raf kinase family of serine/threonine-specific protein kinases, from the TKL (Tyrosine-kinase-like) group of kinases. Discovery The first Raf gene, v-Raf was found in 1983. It was isolated from the murine retrovirus bearing the number 3611. It was soon demonstrated to be capable to transform rodent fibroblasts to cancerous Immortalised cell line, cell lines, so this gene was given the name Virus-induced Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma (V-RAF). A year later, another transforming gene was found in the avian retrovirus MH2, named v-Mil - that turned out to be highly similar to v-Raf. Researchers were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RGS12
Regulator of G-protein signaling 12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RGS12'' gene. This gene encodes a member of the 'regulator of G protein signaling' (RGS) gene family. The encoded protein may function as a guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase)-activating protein as well as a transcriptional repressor. This protein may play a role in tumorigenesis. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. Other alternative splice variants have been described but their biological nature has not been determined. Interactions RGS12 has been shown to interact with GNAI1, GNAI3, and the kappa opioid receptor Kappa (; uppercase Κ, lowercase κ or cursive ; , ''káppa'') is the tenth letter of the Greek alphabet, representing the voiceless velar plosive sound in Ancient and Modern Greek. In the system of Greek numerals, has a value of 20. It was d .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RGS14
Regulator of G-protein signaling 14 (RGS14) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RGS14'' gene. Function RGS14 is a member of the regulator of G protein signalling family. This protein contains one RGS domain, two Raf-like Ras-binding domains (RBDs), and one GoLoco motif. The protein attenuates the signaling activity of G-proteins by binding, through its GoLoco domain, to specific types of activated, GTP-bound G alpha subunits. Acting as a GTPase activating protein (GAP), the protein increases the rate of conversion of the GTP to GDP. This hydrolysis allows the G alpha subunits to bind G beta/gamma subunit heterodimers, forming inactive G-protein heterotrimers, thereby terminating the signal. Alternate transcriptional splice variants of this gene have been observed but have not been thoroughly characterized. Increasing the expression of the RGS14 protein in the V2 secondary visual cortex of mice promotes the conversion of short-term to long-term object-recognit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
T-cell Lymphoma Invasion And Metastasis-inducing Protein 1
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor TIAM1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TIAM1'' gene. Structure TIAM1 is tightly associate with BAIAP2 as a subunit. It contains one DH (DBL-homology) domain, one PDZ domain, two PH domains and one Ras-binding RBD domain. Function TIAM1 modulates the activity of Rho GTP-binding proteins and connects extracellular signals to cytoskeletal activities. In addition, TIAM1 activates Rac1, CDC42, and to a lesser extent RhoA. Clinical significance TIAM1 is found in virtually all tumor cell lines examined including B- and T-lymphomas, neuroblastomas, melanomas and carcinomas. Interactions T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing protein 1 has been shown to interact with ANK1, Myc, RAC1 and PPP1R9B. Tiam1 interacts also with para-cingulin Cingulin (CGN; from the Latin ''cingere'' “to form a belt around”) is a cytosolic protein encoded by the ''CGN'' gene in humans localized at tight junctions (TJs) of vert ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
