|
Racovian Academy
The Racovian Academy (') was a Socinian school operated from 1602 to 1638 by the Polish Brethren in Raków, Kielce County, Raków, Sandomierz Voivodeship of Lesser Poland. The communitarian Arianism, Arian settlement of Raków was founded in 1569 by . The academy was founded in 1602 by his son, Jakub Sienieński. The zenith of the academy was 1616–1630. It was contemporaneous with the Calvinist Pińczów Academy, which was known "as the Sarmatian Classical Athens , Athens". It numbered more than 1,000 students, including many foreigners. At this point it is estimated that ten to twenty percent of Polish intellectuals were Arians. The end of the Academy in 1638 was occasioned by the pretext of the alleged destruction of a roadside cross, by several students of the Academy, while on tour accompanied by a teacher Paludiusa Solomon. Jakub Zadzik, bishop of Kraków, Jerzy Ossoliński, voivode of Sandomierz, and Honorato Visconti, papal nuncio, forced the closure of the Academy and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raków Dom Ariański
Rakow may refer to: People *Benzion Rakow (1925–1985), rabbi in London, England *Bezalel Rakow (1927–2003), rabbi of Gateshead, England *Ed Rakow (1935–2000), American baseball player *Edward F. Rakow (1861–1942) *Mary Rakow, American novelist Places Poland *Raków, Kielce County, village in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, historical centre of Polish Unitarianism *Raków, Częstochowa, district of Częstochowa *Raków, Greater Poland Voivodeship, village in Kępno County *Raków, Łódź Voivodeship, village in Piotrków County *Raków, Polkowice County, village in Lower Silesian Voivodeship *Raków, Trzebnica County, village in Lower Silesian Voivodeship *Raków, Wrocław County, village in Lower Silesian Voivodeship *Raków, Lubusz Voivodeship, village in Świebodzin County *Raków, Masovian Voivodeship, village in Gostynin County *Raków, Opole Voivodeship, village in Głubczyce County *Raków, Jędrzejów County, village in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship Belarus *Rakaŭ, u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voivode
Voivode ( ), also spelled voivod, voievod or voevod and also known as vaivode ( ), voivoda, vojvoda, vaivada or wojewoda, is a title denoting a military leader or warlord in Central, Southeastern and Eastern Europe in use since the Early Middle Ages. It primarily referred to the medieval rulers of the Romanian-inhabited states and of governors and military commanders of Poles, Hungarian, Lithuanian, Balkan, Russian people and other Slavic-speaking populations. In the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, ''voivode'' was interchangeably used with '' palatine''. In the Tsardom of Russia, a voivode was a military governor. Among the Danube principalities, ''voivode'' was considered a princely title. Etymology The term ''voivode'' comes from two roots. , means "war, fight," while , means "leading", thus in Old Slavic together meaning "war leader" or "warlord". The Latin translation is for the principal commander of a military force, serving as a deputy for the monarch. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Racovian Catechism
The Racovian Catechism ('' Pol.'': Katechizm Rakowski) is a nontrinitarian statement of faith from the 16th century. The title ''Racovian'' comes from the publishers, the Polish Brethren, who had founded a sizeable town in Raków, Kielce County, where the Racovian Academy and printing press was founded by Jakub Sienieński in 1602. Authors The Polish Brethren or ''Ecclesia Minor'' were an antitrinitarian minority of the Reformed Church in Poland who had separated from the Calvinist majority, or ''Ecclesia Major'', in 1565. Several authors had a hand in drafting the Catechism: Valentinus Smalcius, Hieronim Moskorzowski, Johannes Völkel and others. It is likely that some of the text had been prepared by the Italian exile Fausto Sozzini, who had settled among the Polish Brethren in 1579, without ever formally joining, and who died in the year before the Catechism was drafted. Despite his lack of any official status in the church Sozzini had been influential in bringing the Po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hieronim Moskorzowski
Hieronim Moskorzowski or Moskorzewski, also known as Moscorovius, Jarosz Moskorzowski, pseudonymy: Eusebius, Medicus, Nobilis, Subditus Fidelis (c. 1560 in Moskorzew – 1625 in Raków, Kielce County) was an administrator of the Racovian Academy, writer, polemicist, and member of the Polish Brethren. Biography Moskorzowski was born in 1560 in Moskorzew, near Szczekocin. He came from a noble family, received a comprehensive education, and became involved with the movement of the Polish Brethren. Unlike the older generation of the ''Ecclesia Minor'' he was involved in politics and as a member of the Sejm repeatedly defended the rights of minority believers and dissenters there. At the ''zjazd'' meeting of the nobility in Lublin (4 June 1606) he objected to the revolt of the nobility against the king and senators, and was elected to the committee that put together the articles of a request for nobles to the king. He spent time in Gdańsk in 1610, and in 1611 was delegated to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krzysztof Morsztyn Sr
Krzysztof () is a Polish male given name, equivalent to English ''Christopher''. The name became popular in the 15th century. Its diminutive forms include Krzyś, Krzysiek, and Krzysio; augmentative – Krzychu Individuals named Krzysztof may choose to celebrate their name day on March 15, July 25, March 2, May 21, August 20 or October 31. People with the first name Krzysztof * Krzysztof Arciszewski (1592–1656), Polish military man * Krzysztof Bednarski (born 1953), famous contemporary Polish sculptor * Krzysztof Bizacki (born 1973), Polish footballer * Krzysztof Bukalski (born 1970), Polish footballer * Krzysztof Charamsa (born 1972), Polish priest * Krzysztof Chodkiewicz, d. 1652, Polish-Lithuanian nobleman * Krzysztof Cwalina (born 1971), Polish freestyle swimmer * Krzysztof Czerwinski (Krzysztof Czerwiński) (born 1980), Polish conductor, organist and voice teacher * Krzysztof Dabrowski (Krzysztof Dąbrowski) (born 1978), Polish footballer * Krzysztof Głowacki (bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrzej Lubieniecki
Andrzej Lubieniecki (1521–1623) was a Polish historian and priest A priest is a religious leader authorized to perform the sacred rituals of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and one or more deity, deities. They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites; in parti .... He was a member of the Polish Brethren. Lubieniecki's major work was the ''Poloneutichia albo Polskiego Królestwa Szczęście''. 1521 births 1623 deaths 16th-century Polish historians Polish male non-fiction writers Polish Unitarians 17th-century Polish historians {{Poland-hist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joachim Stegmann
Joachim Stegmann Sr.(Potsdam 1595 - Cluj-Napoca 1633) was a German Socinian theologian, Bible translator, mathematician and rector of the Racovian Academy. Stegmann was born in Potsdam, and was a Lutheran pastor in Brandenburg, but from 1626 he began to openly profess their ideas of Fausto Paolo Sozzini and moved to Poland, where he began working in the centers of the Polish Brethren. He was a teacher and rector of the Racovian Academy and contributed to the prosperity of the university. In 1630 he collaborated with Johannes Crellius on the publication of German version of the Racovian New Testament. He was chosen by the Polish Brethren community to go to Transylvania in 1633 to serve the "Arian" (Socinian) community among the Hungarian-speaking Unitarians there but died shortly after arrival in Cluj-Napoca. Works * Textbook for mathematics and geometry. * Brevis disquisitio an et quo mado vulgo dicti Evangelici Pontificios, ac nominatim Val. Magni de Acatholicorum credend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcin Ruar
Marcin Ruar (German ''Martin Ruar'', Latin ''Ruarius''), pseudonym ''Aretius Crispinus'') (1589 – 1657) was a Socinian writer, advocate of religious tolerance, and rector of the Racovian Academy from 1620 to 1622. Ruar was born in Krempe, Holstein, the son of a Lutheran preacher. He studied in Altdorf, where he became acquainted with and adopted the non-trinitarian of Fausto Sozzini, and then studied law at Leiden. He was a polyglot making frequent travels through Denmark, France, Italy, the Netherlands and the countries of Germany, promoting non-trinitarian teaching and pleas for tolerance, publishing and earning a reputation as one of the most educated men of his era. He was offered a professorship at Cambridge, but rejected the proposal, due to the requirement to acknowledge the Trinity. He moved to Poland in 1614 and was appointed rector of the Racovian Academy for three years in the 1620s, but resigned because of the burdens of the teaching and administration. In 163 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johannes Crellius
Johannes Crellius (Polish: ''Jan Crell'', English: John Crell; 26 July 1590 in Iphofen, Hellmitzheim – 11 June 1633 in Raków, Kielce County, Raków) was a Polish and Germany, German theology, theologian. Life Johann Crell's father, Johann Crell Sr., was pastor of the church at Hellmitzheim, (today part of Iphofen in Kitzingen District), in Franken, northern Bavaria. His son Krzysztof Crell-Spinowski (1622–1680), and his grandsons Christopher Crell Jr. M.D. of London (1658-), Samuel Crellius (1660–1747) and Paweł Crell-Spinowski (1677-), as well as his great-grandsons in Georgia, United States, were all proponents of Socinian views. Crellius moved to Poland at the age of 22, and quickly became known as one of the chief theologians of the Socinians, also known as Polish brethren. From 1613 he worked at the Racovian Academy at Raków, Kielce County, Raków, of which he was the rector from 1616 to 1621. In 1630 he worked with Joachim Stegmann Sr. in the production of a German ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Netherlands
, Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Netherlands consists of Provinces of the Netherlands, twelve provinces; it borders Germany to the east and Belgium to the south, with a North Sea coastline to the north and west. It shares Maritime boundary, maritime borders with the United Kingdom, Germany, and Belgium. The official language is Dutch language, Dutch, with West Frisian language, West Frisian as a secondary official language in the province of Friesland. Dutch, English_language, English, and Papiamento are official in the Caribbean Netherlands, Caribbean territories. The people who are from the Netherlands is often referred to as Dutch people, Dutch Ethnicity, Ethnicity group, not to be confused by the language. ''Netherlands'' literally means "lower countries" i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
