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Queued Telecommunications Access Method
Queued Telecommunications Access Method (QTAM) is an IBM System/360 communications access method incorporating built-in queuing. QTAM was an alternative to the lower level Basic Telecommunications Access Method (BTAM). History QTAM was announced by IBM in 1965 as part of OS/360 and DOS/360 aimed at inquiry and data collection. As announced it also supported remote job entry (RJE) applications, called ''job processing'', which was dropped by 1968. Originally QTAM supported the IBM 1030 Data Collection System, IBM 1050 Data Communications System, the IBM 1060 Data Communications System, the IBM 2671 Paper Tape Reader, AT&T 83B2 Selective Calling Stations, Western Union Plan 115A Outstations, and AT&T Teletype Model 33 or 35 Teletypewriters. By 1968 terminal support had expanded to include the IBM 2260 display complex, and the IBM 2740 communications terminal. QTAM devices were attached to a System/360 multiplexor channel through an IBM 2701 Data Adapter or IBM 2702 Transmi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IBM System/360
The IBM System/360 (S/360) is a family of mainframe computer systems announced by IBM on April 7, 1964, and delivered between 1965 and 1978. System/360 was the first family of computers designed to cover both commercial and scientific applications and a complete range of applications from small to large. The design distinguished between architecture and implementation, allowing IBM to release a suite of compatible designs at different prices. All but the only partially compatible Model 44 and the most expensive systems use microcode to implement the instruction set, featuring 8-bit byte addressing and fixed-point binary, fixed-point decimal and hexadecimal floating-point calculations. The System/360 family introduced IBM's Solid Logic Technology (SLT), which packed more transistors onto a circuit card, allowing more powerful but smaller computers. System/360's chief architect was Gene Amdahl, and the project was managed by Fred Brooks, responsible to Chairman Thomas J. Wat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IBM 2671
International Business Machines Corporation (using the trademark IBM), nicknamed Big Blue, is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, and present in over 175 countries. It is a publicly traded company and one of the 30 companies in the Dow Jones Industrial Average. IBM is the largest industrial research organization in the world, with 19 research facilities across a dozen countries; for 29 consecutive years, from 1993 to 2021, it held the record for most annual U.S. patents generated by a business. IBM was founded in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR), a holding company of manufacturers of record-keeping and measuring systems. It was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924 and soon became the leading manufacturer of punch-card tabulating systems. During the 1960s and 1970s, the IBM mainframe, exemplified by the System/360 and its successors, was the world's dominant computing platform, with the company p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macro (computer Science)
In computer programming, a macro (short for "macro instruction"; ) is a rule or pattern that specifies how a certain input should be mapped to a replacement output. Applying a macro to an input is known as macro expansion. The input and output may be a sequence of lexical tokens or characters, or a syntax tree. Character macros are supported in software applications to make it easy to invoke common command sequences. Token and tree macros are supported in some programming languages to enable code reuse or to extend the language, sometimes for domain-specific languages. Macros are used to make a sequence of computing instructions available to the programmer as a single program statement, making the programming task less tedious and less error-prone. Thus, they are called "macros" because a "big" block of code can be expanded from a "small" sequence of characters. Macros often allow positional or keyword parameters that dictate what the conditional assembler program gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inetd
inetd (internet service daemon) is a super-server Daemon (computer software), daemon on many Unix systems that provides Internet services. For each configured service, it listens for requests from connecting clients. Requests are served by spawning a process which runs the appropriate executable, but simple services such as ''echo'' are served by inetd itself. External executables, which are run on request, can be single- or multi-threaded. First appearing in BSD, 4.3BSD, it is generally located at /usr/sbin/inetd. inetd is based on the (service) activator pattern Function Often called a super-server, inetd listens on designated TCP and UDP port, ports used by Internet services such as File Transfer Protocol, FTP, POP3, and telnet. When a Transmission Control Protocol, TCP packet or User Datagram Protocol, UDP packet arrives with a particular destination port number, inetd launches the appropriate server program to handle the connection. For services that are not expected to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telecommunications Access Method
Telecommunications Access Method (TCAM) is an access method, in IBM's OS/360 and successors computer operating systems on IBM System/360 and later, that provides access to terminals units within a teleprocessing network. Features TCAM provides similar functionality to QTAM, which it replaced. It was the access method for the initial version of Time Sharing Option (TSO). With the advent of IBM's SNA, TCAM was eventually superseded by VTAM. TCAM was said to have the following enhancements over QTAM: * Improved buffering, with more buffering options. * Improved organization of message queuing on disk including multiple volume support. * Back-up copies of messages maintained on disk. * Improved testing and debugging including off-line testing, improved debugging, online terminal testing, and logging. * Improved line handling for inquiry applications. * "Significantly increases speed and efficiency over QTAM." * Improved operator monitoring and control. * Binary Synchronous Suppor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
270x
270x is a generic name for a family of IBM non-programmable communications controllers used with System/360 and System/370 computers. The family consisted of the following devices: * IBM 2701 Data Adapter Unit * IBM 2702 Transmission Control * IBM 2703 Transmission Control The 2701 and 2702 were announced simultaneously with System/360 in 1964, the 2703 was announced a year later. The 270x series was superseded by the IBM 3704 and 3705 communications controllers in 1972. 2701 The 2701 supported up to four start-stop or synchronous communications lines. It had two multiplexor channel interfaces for connection to one or two host computers. The synchronous adapter originally supported the ''Synchronous Transmit-Receive (STR)'' protocol, and later ''Binary Synchronous Communications (BISYNC)'' when it was introduced in 1967, in half duplex mode at speeds of up to 40,800 bits per second (bit/s). The 2701 could also have "data acquisition and control adapte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IBM 2740
The IBM 2741 is a printing computer terminal that was introduced in 1965. Compared to the teletypewriter machines that were commonly used as printing terminals at the time, the 2741 offers 50% higher speed, much higher quality printing, quieter operation, interchangeable type fonts, and both upper and lower case letters. It was used primarily with the IBM System/360 series of computers, but was used with other IBM and non-IBM systems where its combination of higher speed and letter-quality output was desirable. It was influential in the development and popularity of the APL (programming language), APL programming language. It was supplanted, starting in the mid-1970s, primarily by printing terminals using Daisy wheel printing, daisy wheel mechanisms. Design The IBM 2741 combines a ruggedized IBM Selectric typewriter, Selectric typewriter mechanism with Solid Logic Technology, IBM SLT electronics and an RS-232, RS-232-C serial interface. It operates at about 14.1 characters per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IBM 2260
The text-only Monochrome monitor, monochrome IBM 2260 cathode-ray tube (CRT) video display terminal (Display Station) plus computer keyboard, keyboard was a 1964 predecessor to the more-powerful IBM 3270 terminal line which eventually was extended to support color text and graphics.There were three models of 2260. Model 1 displayed 240 characters, formatted as six rows of forty characters. Model 2 displayed 480 characters, formatted as twelve rows of forty characters. Model 3 displayed 960 characters, formatted as twelve rows of eighty characters. A model without a keyboard was available for display-only applications. The eighty character width corresponded to IBM punched card, punch card format. The IBM 2260 and successor devices were transitional punch-card-to-CRT computer hardware that inspired many office of the future authors to write about the potential of the paperless office. The 2260 was a Raster scan, raster display with the unusual property that the scan lines were verti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teletype Model 33
The Teletype Model 33 is an electromechanical teleprinter designed for light-duty office use. It is less rugged and cost less than earlier Teletype models. The Teletype Corporation introduced the Model 33 as a commercial product in 1963, after it had originally been designed for the United States Navy. The Model 33 was produced in three versions: * Model 33 ASR (Automatic Send and Receive), which has a built-in eight-hole punched tape reader and tape punch; * Model 33 KSR (Keyboard Send and Receive), which lacks the paper tape reader and punch; * Model 33 RO (Receive Only) which has neither a keyboard nor a reader/punch. The Model 33 was one of the first products to employ the newly-standardized ASCII character encoding method, which was first published in 1963. A companion Teletype Model 32 used the older, established five-bit Baudot code. Because of its low price and ASCII compatibility, the Model 33 was widely used, and the large quantity of teleprinters sold strongly influen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IBM 1060
International Business Machines Corporation (using the trademark IBM), nicknamed Big Blue, is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, and present in over 175 countries. It is a publicly traded company and one of the 30 companies in the Dow Jones Industrial Average. IBM is the largest industrial research organization in the world, with 19 research facilities across a dozen countries; for 29 consecutive years, from 1993 to 2021, it held the record for most annual U.S. patents generated by a business. IBM was founded in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR), a holding company of manufacturers of record-keeping and measuring systems. It was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924 and soon became the leading manufacturer of punch-card tabulating systems. During the 1960s and 1970s, the IBM mainframe, exemplified by the System/360 and its successors, was the world's dominant computing platform, with the company p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Access Method
An access method is a function of a mainframe computer, mainframe operating system that enables access to data on disk, tape or other external devices. Access methods were present in several mainframe operating systems since the late 1950s, under a variety of names; the name ''access method'' was introduced in 1963 in the IBM OS/360 operating system.M. A. Auslander, D. C. Larkin, A. L. Scherr: "The Evolution of the MVS Operating System", pages 478-479 Access methods provide an API, application programming interface (API) for programmers to transfer data to or from device, and could be compared to device drivers in non-mainframe operating systems, but typically provide a greater level of functionality. Purpose of access met ...
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IBM 1050
IBM 1050 Data Communications System is a computer terminal subsystem to send data to and receive data from another 1050 subsystem or IBM computer in the IBM 1400, IBM 7000 or System/360 series. It first became available in 1963 and was used widely during the 1960s. The 1052 Printer-Keyboard was also the basis for the 1052-7 console Printer-Keyboard used on small and medium S/360 processors. General The IBM 1050 Data Communications System was first introduced in 1963. The printer used the same removable typing element and mechanism as the IBM Selectric typewriter. The 1050 system could include the following devices: * IBM 1051 Central Control Unit * IBM 1052 Printer-Keyboard *IBM 1053 Console Printer * IBM 1054 Paper Tape Reader * IBM 1055 Paper Tape Punch * IBM 1056 Card Reader * IBM 1057 Card punch * IBM 1058 Printing Card punch * IBM 1092/1093 Programmed Keyboards Communication was done serially, half-duplex, at 75 or 150 bits per second. A modem, such as IBM Line Adapter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
