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Plagiaulacida
Plagiaulacida is a group of extinct multituberculate mammals. Multituberculates were among the most common mammals of the Mesozoic, "the age of the dinosaurs". Plagiaulacids are a paraphyletic grouping, containing all multituberculates that lie outside of the advanced group Cimolodonta. They ranged from the Middle Jurassic Period to the early Late Cretaceous of the northern hemisphere. During the Cenomanian, they were replaced by the more advanced cimolodontans. Kielan-Jaworowska and Hurum (2001) divides “Plagiaulacida” into three informal lineages, the paulchoffatiids, the plagiaulicids, and the allodontids. Allodontid line The Allodontid line may be a superfamily, Allodontoidea. Both allodontids and paulchoffatiids (below) were among the most basal of the plagiaulacids. The Allodontid line contains: The family Allodontidae is known from two genera from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of North America. The family Zofiabaataridae contains a single genus, ''Zofi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cimolodonta
Cimolodonta is a taxon of extinct mammals that lived from the Cretaceous to the Eocene. They were some of the more derived members of the extinct order Multituberculata. They probably lived something of a rodent-like existence until their ecological niche was assumed by true rodents. The more basal multituberculates are found in a different suborder, "Plagiaulacida", a paraphyletic group containing all non cimolodontan multituberculates. Cimolodonta is apparently a natural (monophyletic) suborder. Remains have been identified from across the Northern Hemisphere. They first appeared during the Aptian, and completely replaced the more primitive plagiaulacidans by the early Late Cretaceous. The taxon is recognized as the informal Paracimexomys group and the superfamilies Djadochtatherioidea, Taeniolabidoidea, and Ptilodontoidea. Additionally, and of uncertain affinities, are the families Cimolomyidae, Boffiidae, Eucosmodontidae, Kogaionidae, Microcosmodontidae and the two g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multituberculata
Multituberculata (commonly known as multituberculates, named for the multiple tubercles of their teeth) is an extinct order of rodent-like mammals with a fossil record spanning over 130 million years. They first appeared in the Middle Jurassic, and reached a peak diversity during the Late Cretaceous and Paleocene. They eventually declined from the mid Paleocene onwards, disappearing from the known fossil record in the late Eocene. They are the most diverse order of Mesozoic mammals with more than 200 species known, ranging from mouse-sized to beaver-sized. These species occupied a diversity of ecological niches, ranging from burrow-dwelling to squirrel-like arborealism to jerboa-like hoppers. Multituberculates are usually placed as crown mammals outside either of the two main groups of living mammals—Theria, including placentals and marsupials, and MonotremataAgustí-Antón 2002, pp 3-4—but usually as closer to Theria than to monotremes. They are considered to be clo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glirodon
''Glirodon'' is a genus of extinct mammal from the Upper Jurassic. It was a relatively early member of the also-extinct order of Multituberculata, suborder "Plagiaulacida". These mammals lived in North America during the Mesozoic, also known as the "age of the dinosaurs". The genus ''Glirodon'' has been described by Engelmann G.F. and Callison G. (1999) from a 'gliriform tooth'. The species ''Glirodon grandis'', also described by Engelmann and Callison, has been found in the Upper Jurassic formations of Dinosaur National Monument in Utah (United States). Other than being a large, early American Multituberculate, (see Multituberculata), the nature of this beast is somewhat unclear. It is an "allodontid (two families and the genus ''Glirodon'')", (Kielan-Jaworowska and Hurum, 2001). It had gliriform incisors; incisors with the "enamel reduced to a stripe on the front side." Apparently, this condition evolved several times among Multituberculates. It is based on a portion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paulchoffatia
''Paulchoffatia'' is a genus of extinct mammal of the Upper Jurassic - Lower Cretaceous. It was a relatively early member of the also extinct order Multituberculata, within the suborder "Plagiaulacida" and family Paulchoffatiidae. It lived in Europe during the "age of the dinosaurs." The genus ''Paulchoffatia'' ("for Paul Choffat") was named by Kühne W.G. in 1961 based on a single species. It is also known as ''Paulchoffia''. ''Paulchoffatia'' is characterized by a massive Corpus mandibulae (the part of the jaw below the tooth row), a rounded lower margin of the jaw and a massive, only slightly curved and steeply inclined incisor with a short root", (Hahn & Hahn 2000, p. 105). The name honours the geologist Paul Choffat Léon Paul Choffat (14 May 1849 – 6 June 1919) was a Swiss-born geologist, noted as a stratigrapher and paleontologist, who distinguished himself as a study of the pioneer of paleontology of the Jurassic and physical geography of Portugal. Havin .. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea, and to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean. Because it is on the North American Tectonic Plate, Greenland is included as a part of North America geographically. North America covers an area of about , about 16.5% of Earth's land area and about 4.8% of its total surface. North America is the third-largest continent by area, following Asia and Africa, and the fourth by population after Asia, Africa, and Europe. In 2013, its population was estimated at nearly 579 million people in 23 independent states, or about 7.5% of the world's population. In human geography and in the English-speaking world outside the United States, particularly in Canada, "North America" and "North American" can refer to just Canada and the Uni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mongolia
Mongolia; Mongolian script: , , ; lit. "Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia" () is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of , with a population of just 3.3 million, making it the world's most sparsely populated sovereign nation. Mongolia is the world's largest landlocked country that does not border a closed sea, and much of its area is covered by grassy steppe, with mountains to the north and west and the Gobi Desert to the south. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to roughly half of the country's population. The territory of modern-day Mongolia has been ruled by various nomadic empires, including the Xiongnu, the Xianbei, the Rouran, the First Turkic Khaganate, and others. In 1206, Genghis Khan founded the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous land empire in history. His grandson Kublai Khan conquered China proper and established the Yuan dynasty. After ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sinobaatar
''Sinobaatar'' is a genus of extinct mammal from the Lower Cretaceous of China. It is categorized within the also extinct order Multituberculata and among these it belongs to the plagiaulacid lineage (a possible infraorder). ''Sinobaatar'' was a small herbivore during the Mesozoic era, commonly called "the age of the dinosaurs". The genus was named by Hu Y. and Wang Y. in 2002. Three species have been described. It has been found in Lower Cretaceous strata of the Yixian Formation in Liaoning, China. According to Hu & Wang (2002), " e dental features of ''Sinobaatar'' show again that eobaatarids are obviously intermediate between Late Jurassic multituberculates and the later forms". Many Multituberculata are only known from teeth, but the type specimen of ''Sinobaatar'' is a reasonably complete skeleton. ''Sinobaatar'' was eaten, at least on occasion, by the feathered dinosaur '' Sinosauropteryx prima'' (Hurum ''et al.'' 2006). Etymology The name ''Sinobaatar'' is a Latin a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morrisonodon
''Morrisonodon brentbaatar'' is an extinct multituberculate mammal from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of North America. ''M. brentbaatar'' was described by Robert T. Bakker in 1998, who originally placed it in the genus ''Ctenacodon''. The fossil remains consist of a jaw fragment containing two upper premolars and the sockets corresponding to two molars. The remains were found in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation in Wyoming. The species name honours the Wyoming paleontologist Brent Breithaupt, while "Baatar" is a Mongolian for "hero". Bakker assigned his specimens to ''Ctenacodon'' with hesitation, noting additional specimens may require a new classification. In a 2001 review of multituberculates, Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska and Jørn Hurum did not recognize Bakker's specimen as related to other ''Ctenacodon'' species or even belonging to the family Allodontidae, speculating the species might instead belong to the family Plagiaulacidae Plagiaulacidae is a family o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolodon
''Bolodon'' ("lump tooth" from Ancient Greek βῶλος (bôlos), “clod, lump” + ὀδών (odṓn), "tooth") is a genus of extinct mammal from the Lower Cretaceous of Europe and North America. It was a member of the extinct order of Multituberculata and belongs to the suborder Plagiaulacida and family Plagiaulacidae. Type species The type species, ''Bolodon crassidens'', is known from fossils of the Lower Cretaceous of England from the Lulworth Formation in Durlston Bay, Dorset. The species ''Bolodon elongatus'' is possibly not referable to this genus: "?new genus to be erected for ''Bolodon elongatus''," (Kielan-Jaworowska & Hurum, 2001, p. 414). Fossils of the species ''Bolodon minor'' (type species of the ''Plioprion'') have been found in the Lower Cretaceous of Durlston Bay, Dorset. ''Plioprion'' (Cope, 1884) is probably synonymous with ''Bolodon''. The species ''Bolodon osborni'' was named by Simpson G.G. in 1928. Fossils have been found in the Berriasian (Lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plagiaulax
''Plagiaulax'' is a genus of mammal from the Lower Cretaceous of Europe. It was a member of the also extinct order Multituberculata, and shared the world with dinosaurs. It is of the suborder "Plagiaulacida" and family Plagiaulacidae. The genus was named by Hugh Falconer in 1857, and was the first described multituberculate species. Fossil remains of the species ''Plagiaulax becklesii'' are known from the Lulworth Formation of Durlston Bay in Dorset, England. They include at least one partial lower jaw with teeth, though there may well be further specimens. Some material has been reported from Galve, Spain. Another possible species, ''P. dawsoni'', was provisionally named by Woodward in 1891. This came from the county of Sussex, which is further east along the English coast. It was subsequently damaged and there seems not to have been a scientific description. Its discoverer, Charles Dawson Charles Dawson (11 July 1864 – 10 August 1916) was a British amateur archaeolo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rugosodon
''Rugosodon'' is an extinct genus of multituberculate (rodent-like) mammals from eastern China that lived 160 million years ago during the Jurassic period. The discovery of its type species and currently only known species ''Rugosodon eurasiaticus'' was reported in the 16 August 2013 issue of ''Science''. Description ''Rugosodon'' is represented by a nearly complete fossilized skeleton, including a skull, that bears a strong resemblance to a small rat or a chipmunk. The mammal is estimated to have weighed between 65 and 80 g, about that of an average chipmunk. The generic name ''Rugosodon'' (Latin for "wrinkly tooth") refers to the rugosity, or wrinkliness, of the distinctively shaped teeth. Its teeth indicate that the animal was an omnivore, well-adapted to gnawing both plants and animals, including fruits and seeds, worms, insects and small vertebrates. Its ankle joints were highly mobile at rotation. This means that the ankle is remarkably flexible, allowing the foot to hyp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hispania Baetica
Hispania Baetica, often abbreviated Baetica, was one of three Roman provinces in Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula). Baetica was bordered to the west by Lusitania, and to the northeast by Hispania Tarraconensis. Baetica remained one of the basic divisions of Hispania under the Visigoths down to 711. Baetica was part of Al-Andalus under the Arabs in the 8th century and approximately corresponds to modern Andalusia. Name In Latin, ' is an adjectival form of ', the Roman name for the Guadalquivir River, whose fertile valley formed one of the most important parts of the province. History Before Romanization, the mountainous area that was to become Baetica was occupied by several settled Iberian tribal groups. Celtic influence was not as strong as it was in the Celtiberian north. According to the geographer Claudius Ptolemy, the indigenes were the powerful Turdetani, in the valley of the Guadalquivir in the west, bordering on Lusitania, and the partly Hellenized Turduli with th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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