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Pinghua Chinese
Pinghua (; Yale: ''Pìhng Wá''; sometimes disambiguated as /) is a pair of Sinitic languages spoken mainly in parts of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, with some speakers in Hunan province. Pinghua is a trade language in some areas of Guangxi, where it is spoken as a second language by speakers of Zhuang languages. Some speakers of Pinghua are officially classified as Zhuang, and many are genetically distinct from most other Han Chinese. The northern subgroup of Pinghua is centered on Guilin and the southern subgroup around Nanning. Southern Pinghua has several notable features such as having four distinct checked tones, and using various loanwords from the Zhuang languages, such as the final particle ''wei'' for imperative sentences. History and classification Language surveys in Guangxi during the 1950s recorded varieties of Chinese that had been included in the Yue dialect group but were different from those in Guangdong. Pinghua was designated as a separate dialect g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Character
Chinese characters () are logograms developed for the writing of Chinese. In addition, they have been adapted to write other East Asian languages, and remain a key component of the Japanese writing system where they are known as ''kanji''. Chinese characters in South Korea, which are known as ''hanja'', retain significant use in Korean academia to study its documents, history, literature and records. Vietnam once used the '' chữ Hán'' and developed chữ Nôm to write Vietnamese before turning to a romanized alphabet. Chinese characters are the oldest continuously used system of writing in the world. By virtue of their widespread current use throughout East Asia and Southeast Asia, as well as their profound historic use throughout the Sinosphere, Chinese characters are among the most widely adopted writing systems in the world by number of users. The total number of Chinese characters ever to appear in a dictionary is in the tens of thousands, though most are grap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Checked Tone
A checked tone, commonly known by the Chinese calque entering tone, is one of the four syllable types in the phonology of Middle Chinese. Although usually translated as "tone", a checked tone is not a tone in the phonetic sense but rather a syllable that ends in a stop consonant or a glottal stop. Separating the checked tone allows ''-p'', ''-t'', and ''-k'' to be treated as allophones of ''-m'', ''-n'', and ''-ng'', respectively, since they are in complementary distribution. Stops appear only in the checked tone, and nasals appear only in the other tones. Because of the origin of tone in Chinese, the number of tones found in such syllables is smaller than the number of tones in other syllables. In Chinese phonetics, they have traditionally been counted separately. For instance, in Cantonese, there are six tones in syllables that do not end in stops but only three in syllables that do so. That is why although Cantonese has only six tones, in the sense of six contrasting variat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heng County
Hengzhou (), formerly, Heng County or Hengxian (; Standard Zhuang: ) is a county-level city of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Nanning, the capital of Guangxi, with a permanent population of 863,001 and a hukou population of 1,200,521 as of the 2010 Census. The easternmost county-level division of Nanning City, it borders the prefecture-level cities of Guigang to the northeast, Yulin to the east, and Qinzhou to the south. 60% speak Pinghua as there mother tongue and a further 30% speak Pingua as a second language. The county-level city was approved and elevated by the former ''Heng County'' by the State Council on February 3, 2021. Administrative divisions There are 14 towns and 3 townships in the county-level city: Towns: *Hengzhou (横州镇), Luancheng (峦城镇), Liujing (六景镇), Shitang (石塘镇), Taoxu (陶圩镇), Xiaoyi (校椅镇), Yunbiao (云表镇), Baihe (百合镇), Nayang (那 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laibin
Laibin (, Zhuang: Laizbinh) is a prefecture-level city in the central part of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. History Laibin is an ancient town with more than 2000 years of history. The area was settled in prehistoric times, more than 30,000 years ago. Geography and climate Laibin is located in central Guangxi. The Hongshui River or Red River and Rong River, both tributaries of the Xi River, meet in Laibin. Its administrative area is , of which more than 43% is forested. Administration Laibin administers 1 district, 1 county-level city 3 counties, and 1 autonomous county. District: * Xingbin District () County-level city: * Heshan City () Counties: * Xincheng County () * Xiangzhou County () * Wuxuan County () Autonomous county: * Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County () Demographics Laibin's population is 2,498,236(2010). 69.4% of the people belong to the Zhuang ethnic group. The rest include Han, Yao, and other ethnic groups. * ''These figures are based ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yong River (Guangxi)
The Yong River () is a river of China, located in Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It joins into the Yu River and flows into the South China Sea. See also * Yong River () in Zhejiang *List of rivers in China This incomplete list of rivers that flow through China is organized according to the body of water into which each river empties, beginning with the Sea of Okhotsk in the northeast, moving clockwise on a map and ending with the Arctic Ocean. Se ... Rivers of Guangxi Tributaries of the Pearl River (China) {{China-river-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cantonese
Cantonese ( zh, t=廣東話, s=广东话, first=t, cy=Gwóngdūng wá) is a language within the Chinese (Sinitic) branch of the Sino-Tibetan languages originating from the city of Guangzhou (historically known as Canton) and its surrounding area in Southeastern China. It is the traditional prestige variety of the Yue Chinese dialect group, which has over 80 million native speakers. While the term ''Cantonese'' specifically refers to the prestige variety, it is often used to refer to the entire Yue subgroup of Chinese, including related but largely mutually unintelligible languages and dialects such as Taishanese. Cantonese is viewed as a vital and inseparable part of the cultural identity for its native speakers across large swaths of Southeastern China, Hong Kong and Macau, as well as in overseas communities. In mainland China, it is the '' lingua franca'' of the province of Guangdong (being the majority language of the Pearl River Delta) and neighbouring areas such as Gu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dialect Continuum
A dialect continuum or dialect chain is a series of language varieties spoken across some geographical area such that neighboring varieties are mutually intelligible, but the differences accumulate over distance so that widely separated varieties may not be. This is a typical occurrence with widely spread languages and language families around the world, when these languages did not spread recently. Some prominent examples include the Indo-Aryan languages across large parts of India, varieties of Arabic across north Africa and southwest Asia, the Turkic languages, the Chinese languages or dialects, and subgroups of the Romance, Germanic and Slavic families in Europe. Leonard Bloomfield used the name dialect area. Charles F. Hockett used the term L-complex. Dialect continua typically occur in long-settled agrarian populations, as innovations spread from their various points of origin as waves. In this situation, hierarchical classifications of varieties are impractical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Younian Dialect
The Younian language or Younian dialect () is a Pinghua dialect of northern Guangxi, China. It is spoken by ethnic Red Yao people in Longsheng County, Guilin Guilin (Standard Zhuang: ''Gveilinz''; alternatively romanized as Kweilin) is a prefecture-level city in the northeast of China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It is situated on the west bank of the Li River and borders Hunan to the nort ..., Guangxi province. There were more than 10,000 native speakers in 1997. It has been documented in detail by Ouyang (2010). References *Ōuyáng, Lán 欧阳澜. 2010. Guǎngxī lóngshèng hépíng xiāng yōuniànhuà yǔyīn cíhuì yánjiū 广西龙胜和平乡优念话语音词汇研究 esearch on the phonetics and vocabulary of Younianhua in Heping Town Doctoral dissertation, Guǎngxī Normal University 广西师范大学. *Li, Xinghui ��星辉 Xiangan Jianghua Hanyu Tuhua yu Yaoyu bijiao yanjiu ��南江华汉语土话与瑶语比较研究 Beijing: Science Press ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tongdao Pinghua
The Tongdao Pinghua is a variety of Guibei Pinghua (桂北平话) influenced by Kam (Dong). It is spoken by about 25,000 people in Tongdao Dong Autonomous County, Hunan, China (Shi 2015:137). Although Tongdao Pinghua speakers are classified by the Chinese government as ethnic Han, the speakers consider themselves to be a distinct ethnic group, and neither Han nor Kam.Peng Jianguo ��建国 2010湖南通道侗族“本地话”的语音系统及其归属 Journal of Yunmeng 云梦学刊, Vol. 31, No. 4. Names Tongdao Pinghua speakers call their own language ''Bendihua'' 本地话 (the name ''Bendihua'' () literally means 'native language'), although some speakers also refer to it as ''Jiangping'' 讲平. The Kam people refer to it as ', and the Yao ( Pa Hng speakers) refer to it as ''Luoyanhua'' (洛岩话; "Luoyan language"). Tongdao Pinghua speakers call themselves the ' people (我们人) (Shi 2015:137).Shi Lin ��林 2015. ''Three language varieties of the Hunan-Guizhou-Guan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southwest Mandarin
Southwestern Mandarin (), also known as Upper Yangtze Mandarin (), is a Mandarin Chinese language spoken in much of Southwest China, including in Sichuan, Yunnan, Chongqing, Guizhou, most parts of Hubei, the northwestern part of Hunan, the northern part of Guangxi and some southern parts of Shaanxi and Gansu. Southwestern Mandarin is spoken by roughly 260 million people. If considered a language distinct from central Mandarin, it would be the eighth-most spoken language by native speakers in the world, behind Mandarin itself, Spanish, English, Hindi, Portuguese, Arabic and Bengali. Overview Modern Southwestern Mandarin was formed by the waves of immigrants brought to the regions during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Because of the comparatively recent move, such dialects show more similarity to modern Standard Mandarin than to other varieties of Chinese like Cantonese or Hokkien. For example, like most Southern Chinese dialects, Southwestern Mandarin does not possess the retroflex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Language Atlas Of China
The ''Language Atlas of China'' (), published in two parts in 1987 and 1989, maps the distribution of both the varieties of Chinese and minority languages of China. It was a collaborative effort by the Australian Academy of the Humanities and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, published simultaneously in the original Chinese and in English translation. Endymion Wilkinson rated this joint venture "outstanding". A second edition was published in 2012. Classification of Chinese varieties The atlas organizes the varieties of Chinese in a hierarchy of groupings, following the work of Li Rong: * supergroups (大区 ''dàqū''): Mandarin and Min * groups (区 ''qū''): Jin, Wu, Hui, Xiang, Gan, Hakka, Yue, Pinghua and groups within Mandarin and Min * subgroups (片 ''piàn'') * clusters (小片 ''xiǎopiàn'') are only identified for some subgroups * local dialects (点 ''diǎn''): localities that were surveyed Contents The atlas contains 36 colour maps, divided into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walter De Gruyter
Walter de Gruyter GmbH, known as De Gruyter (), is a German scholarly publishing house specializing in academic literature. History The roots of the company go back to 1749 when Frederick the Great granted the Königliche Realschule in Berlin the royal privilege to open a bookstore and "to publish good and useful books". In 1800, the store was taken over by Georg Reimer (1776–1842), operating as the ''Reimer'sche Buchhandlung'' from 1817, while the school’s press eventually became the ''Georg Reimer Verlag''. From 1816, Reimer used the representative Sacken'sche Palace on Berlin's Wilhelmstraße for his family and the publishing house, whereby the wings contained his print shop and press. The building became a meeting point for Berlin salon life and later served as the official residence of the president of Germany. Born in Ruhrort in 1862, Walter de Gruyter took a position with Reimer Verlag in 1894. By 1897, at the age of 35, he had become sole proprietor of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
