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Partitiviridae
''Partitiviridae'' is a family of double-stranded RNA viruses. Plants, fungi, and protozoa serve as natural hosts. It has been suggested that they can also infect bacteria. The name comes from the Latin ''partitius,'' which means divided, and refers to the segmented genome of partitiviruses. There are five genera and 60 species in the family, 15 of which are unassigned to a genus. Structure Viruses in the family ''Partitiviridae'' are non-enveloped with icosahedral geometries and T=1 symmetry. The diameter of partitiviruses is around 25–43 nm. Genome Partitiviruses have double-stranded RNA genomes divided into two genomic segments, and there may be additional subgenomic segments. The two genome In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism. It consists of nucleotide sequences of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The nuclear genome includes protein-coding genes and non-coding g ... segments are package ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Double-stranded RNA Viruses
Double-stranded RNA viruses (dsRNA viruses) are a Polyphyly, polyphyletic group of viruses that have Nucleic acid double helix, double-stranded genomes made of ribonucleic acid. The double-stranded genome is used to transcribe a Sense (molecular biology), positive-strand RNA by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The positive-strand RNA may be used as messenger RNA (mRNA) which can be Translation (biology), translated into viral proteins by the Host (biology), host cell's ribosomes. The positive-strand RNA can also be replicated by the RdRp to create a new double-stranded viral genome. Double-stranded RNA viruses are classified in two separate phyla ''Duplornaviricota'' and ''Pisuviricota'' (specifically class ''Duplopiviricetes''), which are in the kingdom ''Orthornavirae'' and Realm (virology), realm ''Riboviria''. The two groups do not share a common dsRNA virus ancestor. Double-stranded RNA viruses evolved two separate times from positive-strand RNA viruses. In the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) or RNA replicase is an enzyme that catalyzes the replication of RNA from an RNA template. Specifically, it catalyzes synthesis of the RNA strand complementary to a given RNA template. This is in contrast to typical DNA-dependent RNA polymerases, which all organisms use to catalyze the transcription of RNA from a DNA template. RdRp is an essential protein encoded in the genomes of most RNA-containing viruses with no DNA stage including SARS-CoV-2. Some eukaryotes also contain RdRps, which are involved in RNA interference and differ structurally from viral RdRps. History Viral RdRps were discovered in the early 1960s from studies on mengovirus and polio virus when it was observed that these viruses were not sensitive to actinomycin D, a drug that inhibits cellular DNA-directed RNA synthesis. This lack of sensitivity suggested that there is a virus-specific enzyme that could copy RNA from an RNA template and not from a DNA template. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CryoEM
Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a cryomicroscopy technique applied on samples cooled to cryogenic temperatures. For biological specimens, the structure is preserved by embedding in an environment of vitreous ice. An aqueous sample solution is applied to a grid-mesh and plunge-frozen in liquid ethane or a mixture of liquid ethane and propane. While development of the technique began in the 1970s, recent advances in detector technology and software algorithms have allowed for the determination of biomolecular structures at near-atomic resolution. This has attracted wide attention to the approach as an alternative to X-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy for macromolecular structure determination without the need for crystallization. In 2017, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson "for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution." ''Nature ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cherry Chlorotic Rusty Spot Associated Partitivirus
A cherry is the fruit of many plants of the genus ''Prunus'', and is a fleshy drupe (stone fruit). Commercial cherries are obtained from cultivars of several species, such as the sweet ''Prunus avium'' and the sour ''Prunus cerasus''. The name 'cherry' also refers to the cherry tree and its wood, and is sometimes applied to almonds and visually similar flowering trees in the genus ''Prunus'', as in " ornamental cherry" or " cherry blossom". Wild cherry may refer to any of the cherry species growing outside cultivation, although ''Prunus avium'' is often referred to specifically by the name "wild cherry" in the British Isles. Botany True cherries ''Prunus'' subg. ''Cerasus'' contains species that are typically called cherries. They are known as true cherries and distinguished by having a single winter bud per axil, by having the flowers in small corymbs or umbels of several together (occasionally solitary, e.g. ''P. serrula''; some species with short racemes, e.g. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Clover Cryptic Virus 1
White is the lightest color and is achromatic (having no hue). It is the color of objects such as snow, chalk, and milk, and is the opposite of black. White objects fully reflect and scatter all the visible wavelengths of light. White on television and computer screens is created by a mixture of red, blue, and green light. The color white can be given with white pigments, especially titanium dioxide. In ancient Egypt and ancient Rome, priestesses wore white as a symbol of purity, and Romans wore white togas as symbols of citizenship. In the Middle Ages and Renaissance a white unicorn symbolized chastity, and a white lamb sacrifice and purity. It was the royal color of the kings of France, and of the monarchist movement that opposed the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War (1917–1922). Greek and Roman temples were faced with white marble, and beginning in the 18th century, with the advent of neoclassical architecture, white became the most common color of new churches ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vicia Cryptic Virus
''Vicia'' is a genus of over 240 species of flowering plants that are part of the legume family (biology), family (Fabaceae), and which are commonly known as vetches. Member species are native to Europe, North America, South America, Asia and Africa. Some other genera of their subfamily Faboideae also have names containing "vetch", for example the vetchlings (''Lathyrus'') or the milk-vetches (''Astragalus''). The broad bean (''Vicia faba'') is sometimes separated in a monotypic genus ''Faba''; although not often used today, it is of historical importance in plant taxonomy as the namesake of the order (biology), order Fabales, the Fabaceae and the Faboideae. The tribe (biology), tribe Vicieae in which the vetches are placed is named after the genus' current name. Among the closest living relatives of vetches are the lentils (''Lens (plant), Lens'') and the true peas (''Pisum''). Use by humans Bitter vetch (''Vicia ervilia, V. ervilia'') was one of the Neolithic founder cr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rosellinia Necatrix Partitivirus 2
''Rosellinia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Xylariaceae consisting of over 90 species. Several of the species in this genus are plant pathogens. Fossils of ''Rosellinia'' have been found in 12 million year old rocks from central England. The genus was circumscribed by Giuseppe De Notaris in Giorn. Bot. Ital. vol.1 (Issue 1) on page 334 in 1844. The genus name of ''Rosellinia'' is in honour of Ferdinando Pio Rosellini (1814–1872), who was an Italian mathematician A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, structure, space, models, and change. History On ... and botanist. Species This is a complete listing of all currently accepted species in ''Rosellinia'', based on the 2005 study by Petrini and Petrini. '' R. abscondita'' — '' R. aquila'' — '' R. arcuata'' — '' R. asperata'' — '' R.&nb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterobasidion Partitivirus 15
''Heterobasidion'' is a genus of basidiomycetes in the family of Bondarzewiaceae. Species in this genus include tree decay fungi that may be pathogenic and cause deterioration of tree health including mortality. Fungi in the genus produce shelf-like polyporous fruiting bodies that release spores from pores. Mating studies in the late twentieth century and genetic studies in the early twenty-first century have led to description of several new species and replacement of some of the original names. As a result, two former ''Heterobasidion'' species, '' H. annosum'' and '' H. insulare'', are now recognized to each comprise multiple distinct species. ''Heterobasidion annosum'' sensu lato ''Heterobasidion annosum'' sensu lato is a collection of the several species that cause Heterobasidion root disease and butt rot of forest trees and occasionally those in landscape plantings across the Northern Hemisphere. These fungi can be saprotrophic or necrotrophic, colonizing n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterobasidion Partitivirus 13
''Heterobasidion'' is a genus of basidiomycetes in the family of Bondarzewiaceae. Species in this genus include tree decay fungi that may be pathogenic and cause deterioration of tree health including mortality. Fungi in the genus produce shelf-like polyporous fruiting bodies that release spores from pores. Mating studies in the late twentieth century and genetic studies in the early twenty-first century have led to description of several new species and replacement of some of the original names. As a result, two former ''Heterobasidion'' species, '' H. annosum'' and '' H. insulare'', are now recognized to each comprise multiple distinct species. ''Heterobasidion annosum'' sensu lato ''Heterobasidion annosum'' sensu lato is a collection of the several species that cause Heterobasidion root disease and butt rot of forest trees and occasionally those in landscape plantings across the Northern Hemisphere. These fungi can be saprotrophic or necrotrophic, colonizing n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterobasidion Partitivirus 12
''Heterobasidion'' is a genus of basidiomycetes in the family of Bondarzewiaceae. Species in this genus include tree decay fungi that may be pathogenic and cause deterioration of tree health including mortality. Fungi in the genus produce shelf-like polyporous fruiting bodies that release spores from pores. Mating studies in the late twentieth century and genetic studies in the early twenty-first century have led to description of several new species and replacement of some of the original names. As a result, two former ''Heterobasidion'' species, '' H. annosum'' and '' H. insulare'', are now recognized to each comprise multiple distinct species. ''Heterobasidion annosum'' sensu lato ''Heterobasidion annosum'' sensu lato is a collection of the several species that cause Heterobasidion root disease and butt rot of forest trees and occasionally those in landscape plantings across the Northern Hemisphere. These fungi can be saprotrophic or necrotrophic, colonizing n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterobasidion Partitivirus 3
''Heterobasidion'' is a genus of basidiomycetes in the family of Bondarzewiaceae. Species in this genus include tree decay fungi that may be pathogenic and cause deterioration of tree health including mortality. Fungi in the genus produce shelf-like polyporous fruiting bodies that release spores from pores. Mating studies in the late twentieth century and genetic studies in the early twenty-first century have led to description of several new species and replacement of some of the original names. As a result, two former ''Heterobasidion'' species, '' H. annosum'' and '' H. insulare'', are now recognized to each comprise multiple distinct species. ''Heterobasidion annosum'' sensu lato ''Heterobasidion annosum'' sensu lato is a collection of the several species that cause Heterobasidion root disease and butt rot of forest trees and occasionally those in landscape plantings across the Northern Hemisphere. These fungi can be saprotrophic or necrotrophic, colonizing n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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