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PRR Q2
The Pennsylvania Railroad's class Q2 comprised one prototype and twenty-five production duplex steam locomotives of 4-4-6-4 wheel arrangement. They were the largest non- articulated locomotives ever built and the most powerful locomotives ever static tested, producing 7,987 cylinder horsepower (5,956 kW) on the PRR's static test plant. They were by far the most successful duplex type. The duplex propensity to slip was combated by an automatic slip control mechanism that reduced power to the slipping unit. The Q2 locomotive was 78% more powerful than the locomotives that PRR had in service at the time, and the company claimed the Q2 could pull 125 freight cars at a speed of . [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Q2 Front-side View
Q, or q, is the seventeenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is pronounced , most commonly spelled ''cue'', but also ''kew'', ''kue'' and ''que''. History The Semitic sound value of Qôp was (voiceless uvular stop), and the form of the letter could have been based on the eye of a needle, a knot, or even a monkey with its tail hanging down. is a sound common to Semitic languages, but not found in many European languages. Some have even suggested that the form of the letter Q is even more ancient: it could have originated from Egyptian hieroglyphics. In an early form of Ancient Greek, qoppa (Ϙ) probably came to represent several labialized velar stops, among them and . As a result of later sound shifts, these sounds in Greek changed to and respectively. Therefore, qoppa was transformed into two letters: qoppa, which stood for the number ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4-6-4-4
In Whyte notation, a 4-6-4-4 is a railroad steam locomotive that has four leading wheels followed by six coupled driving wheels, a second set of four driving wheels and four trailing wheels. Other equivalent classifications are: UIC classification: 2CB2 (also known as German classification and Italian classification) French classification: 2322 Turkish classification: 3524 Swiss classification: 3/5+2/4 up to the early 1920s, later 5/9 The sole example of this arrangement was the PRR Q1. This locomotive was essentially a prototype in the development of the PRR Q2, a 4-4-6-4. References 4-6-4-4 locomotives, Whyte notation, 64,4-6-4-4 {{Steam-loco-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scrapped Locomotives
Scrap consists of recyclable materials, usually metals, left over from product manufacturing and consumption, such as parts of vehicles, building supplies, and surplus materials. Unlike waste, scrap has monetary value, especially recovered metals, and non-metallic materials are also recovered for recycling. Once collected, the materials are sorted into types — typically metal scrap will be crushed, shredded, and sorted using mechanical processes. Scrap recycling is important for creating a more sustainable economy or creating a circular economy, using significantly less energy and having far less environmental impact than producing metal from ore. Metal recycling, especially of structural steel, ships, used manufactured goods, such as vehicles and white goods, is a major industrial activity with complex networks of wrecking yards, sorting facilities and recycling plants. Processing Scrap metal originates both in business and residential environments. Typically a "scra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steam Locomotives Of The United States
Steam is a substance containing water in the gas phase, and sometimes also an aerosol of liquid water droplets, or air. This may occur due to evaporation or due to boiling, where heat is applied until water reaches the enthalpy of vaporization. Steam that is saturated or superheated is invisible; however, "steam" often refers to wet steam, the visible mist or aerosol of water droplets formed as water vapor condenses. Water increases in volume by 1,700 times at standard temperature and pressure; this change in volume can be converted into mechanical work by steam engines such as reciprocating piston type engines and steam turbines, which are a sub-group of steam engines. Piston type steam engines played a central role in the Industrial Revolution and modern steam turbines are used to generate more than 80% of the world's electricity. If liquid water comes in contact with a very hot surface or depressurizes quickly below its vapor pressure, it can create a steam explosion. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pennsylvania Railroad Locomotives
Pennsylvania (; (Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, Maryland to its south, West Virginia to its southwest, Ohio to its west, Lake Erie and the Canadian province of Ontario to its northwest, New York to its north, and the Delaware River and New Jersey to its east. Pennsylvania is the fifth-most populous state in the nation with over 13 million residents as of 2020. It is the 33rd-largest state by area and ranks ninth among all states in population density. The southeastern Delaware Valley metropolitan area comprises and surrounds Philadelphia, the state's largest and nation's sixth most populous city. Another 2.37 million reside in Greater Pittsburgh in the southwest, centered around Pittsburgh, the state's second-largest and Western Pennsylvania's largest city. The state's subsequent five ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Experimental Locomotives
An experiment is a procedure carried out to support or refute a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of something previously untried. Experiments provide insight into cause-and-effect by demonstrating what outcome occurs when a particular factor is manipulated. Experiments vary greatly in goal and scale but always rely on repeatable procedure and logical analysis of the results. There also exist natural experimental studies. A child may carry out basic experiments to understand how things fall to the ground, while teams of scientists may take years of systematic investigation to advance their understanding of a phenomenon. Experiments and other types of hands-on activities are very important to student learning in the science classroom. Experiments can raise test scores and help a student become more engaged and interested in the material they are learning, especially when used over time. Experiments can vary from personal and informal natural comparisons (e. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duplex Locomotives
A duplex locomotive is a steam locomotive that divides the driving force on its wheels by using two pairs of cylinders rigidly mounted to a single locomotive frame; it is not an articulated locomotive. The concept was first used in France in 1863, but was particularly developed in the early 1930s by the Baldwin Locomotive Works, the largest commercial builder of steam locomotives in North America, under the supervision of its then chief engineer, Ralph P. Johnson. Prior to this, the term ''duplex locomotive'' was sometimes applied to articulated locomotives in general. Drawbacks of the two-cylinder locomotive The duplex solution In Europe this problem was often overcome by dividing the drive between inside and outside cylinders, or else by using Articulated locomotives, although at the time it was not believed possible to run one stably at greater than . American railroads proved to be unwilling to use locomotives with inside cylinders, so the problem of balance could not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4-4-6-4 Locomotives
A 4-4-6-4, in the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, is one that has four leading wheels followed by four coupled driving wheels, a second set of six coupled driving wheels and four trailing wheels. The Pennsylvania Railroad's Q2 class were the only locomotives ever to use this arrangement. These were duplex locomotives, in which both sets of driving wheels were mounted in a common, rigid locomotive frame. This locomotive design was a further development of the highly successful 2-10-4. The divided drive, or duplex arrangement, allowed for higher speeds with less damage to the track. Other equivalent classifications are: UIC classification: 2BC2 (also known as German classification and Italian classification) French classification: 2232 Turkish classification: 2435 Swiss classification For more than a century, the Swiss locomotive, multiple unit, motor coach and railcar classification system, in either its original or upda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2-10-4
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, a locomotive has two leading wheels on one axle, usually in a Bissel truck, ten coupled driving wheels on five axles, and four trailing wheels on two axles, usually in a bogie. These were referred to as the Texas type in most of the United States, the Colorado type on the Burlington Route and the Selkirk type in Canada. Overview The Texas wheel arrangement originated and was principally used in the United States. The evolution of this locomotive type began as a Santa Fe type with a larger four-wheeled trailing truck that would allow an enlarged firebox. A subsequent development was as an elongated Berkshire type that required extra driving wheels to remain within axle load limits. Examples of both of these evolutionary progressions can be found. Some tank locomotives also existed in eastern Europe. One extraordinary experimental tender locomotive, built in the Soviet Union, had an opposed piston ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PRR J1
The PRR J1 was a class of 2-10-4 "Texas" type steam locomotives with driving wheels built between 1942 and 1944. The J1 had over of tractive effort, plus an additional if the booster engine was used. Features As with many of the Pennsylvania Railroad's steam locomotives, the J1 had its headlight above the smokebox. Like the M1 the J1 had a keystone numberplate, unlike the round numberplates seen on the rest of the PRR's freight steam locomotives. Wartime restrictions forbid the design of a completely new engine so the PRR basically adopted the C&O design almost without change. As a result, they were equipped with Baker valve gear instead of Walschaerts valve gear which was more common on the PRR. Additionally, they had radial-stay fireboxes instead of the Belpaire fireboxes seen on nearly all of the Pennsylvania Railroad's steam locomotives. Mechanically, these locomotives were identical to the C&O's T-1 class 2-10-4s. As initially built, the middle driver was blind to f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dieselization
Dieselisation (US: dieselization) is the process of equipping vehicles with a diesel engine or diesel engines. It can involve replacing an internal combustion engine powered by petrol (gasoline) fuel with an engine powered by diesel fuel, as occurred on a large scale with trucks, buses, farm tractors, and building construction machinery after the Second World War. Alternatively it can involve replacing the entire plant or vehicle with one that is diesel-powered; the term commonly describes the generational replacement between the 1930s and the 1970s of railway steam locomotives with diesel locomotives, and associated facilities. Water transport The Two-stroke diesel engine for marine applications was introduced in 1908 and remains in use today. It is the most efficient prime mover to date, models such as the Wärtsilä-Sulzer RTA96-C offer a thermal efficiency of 50% and over 100,000 horsepowers. First steps towards conversions using diesel engines as means of propulsion (on s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pennsylvania Railroad Class Q1
The Pennsylvania Railroad class Q1, #6130, was a single experimental steam locomotive designed for dual service. The locomotive entered service in 1942, and retired in 1949 after accumulating a relatively low 165,000 service miles. The Q1 had a 4-6-4-4 wheel arrangement, consisting of a four-wheel leading truck, two sets of driving wheels (six and four) in a rigid locomotive frame, and a four-wheel trailing truck. The first group of six driving wheels were powered by a pair of conventional front-mounted cylinders, while the rear four driving wheels had their cylinders mounted behind them, on either side of the firebox. The driving wheels were , larger than the PRR's existing dual-service locomotives. The Q1's streamlined design consisted of a blunt nosecone in front of the smokebox, extended side skirts covering the locomotive's pipework, and a streamlined shape on the tender similar to the PRR's S1, S2, and T1 passenger locomotives. The cab front was set at a rakish angle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
