Puccinia Sorghi

	Puccinia Sorghi ''Puccinia sorghi'', or common rust of maize, is a species of rust fungus that infects corn and species from the plant genus ''Oxalis''. Host and symptoms ''Puccinia sorghi'' often first appears after silking in maize. The first early symptom includes chlorotic specks on the leaf. The obvious sign of this plant pathogen is golden-brown pustules or bumps on the above-ground surface of the plant tissue. These bumps are urediniospores which can spread to other plants and cause further infection. They are circular and powdery, which result from spores breaking through the leaf surface. While they are only about 1–2 mm each, they are very numerous with equal frequencies on upper and lower leaf surfaces. Over time, these blister-like bumps can change from brown to black, changing from urediniospores to teliospores. The most common place to find these spores is on the plant leaf, but they can develop on husks, tassels, and stalks as well. ''P. sorghi'' has two hosts making it a he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Lewis David De Schweinitz Lewis David de Schweinitz (13 February 1780 – 8 February 1834) was a German-American botanist and mycologist from Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Considered the "Father of North American Mycology," he also made significant contributions to botany. Education Born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, a great-grandson of Count Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf und Pottendorf, founder and patron of the Moravian Church, in 1787 Schweinitz was placed in the institution of the Moravian community at Nazareth, Pennsylvania, where he remained for eleven years and was a successful and industrious student. Schweinitz later entered the Theological seminary at Niesky (Saxony) in 1798. In 1805, he published the ''Conspectus Fungorum in Lusatiae'' in collaboration with his teacher, Professor Johannes Baptista von Albertini. Early career In 1807 he went to Gnadenberg (in Silesia), then subsequently to Gnadau to work as a preacher in the Moravian Church. A work appointment in the United States led him on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Eastern Gamagrass Eastern or Easterns may refer to: Transportation Airlines China Eastern Airlines, a current Chinese airline based in Shanghai Eastern Air, former name of Zambia Skyways Eastern Air Lines, a defunct American airline that operated from 1926 to 1991 Eastern Air Lines (2015), an American airline that began operations in 2015 Eastern Airlines, LLC, previously Dynamic International Airways, a U.S. airline founded in 2010 Eastern Airways, an English/British regional airline Eastern Provincial Airways, a defunct Canadian airline that operated from 1949 to 1986 Roads Eastern Avenue (other), various roads Eastern Parkway (other), various parkways Eastern Freeway, Melbourne, Australia Eastern Freeway Mumbai, Mumbai, India Other Eastern Railway (other), various railroads , a cargo liner in service 1946-65 Education Eastern University (other) Eastern College (other) Sports Easterns (cricket team), South African cri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Fungi Described In 1832 A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one of the traditional eukaryotic kingdoms, along with Animalia, Plantae, and either Protista or Protozoa and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''true fungi'' or ''Eumycetes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Puccinia ''Puccinia'' is a genus of fungi. All species in this genus are obligate plant pathogens and are known as rusts. The genus contains about 4000 species. The genus name of ''Puccinia'' is in honour of Tommaso Puccini (died 1735), who was an Italian doctor and botanist who taught anatomy at Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova in Florence. The genus was circumscribed by Pier Antonio Micheli in Nov. Pl. Gen. on page 213 in 1729. Taxonomy Examples of ''Puccinia'' rusts and the diseases they cause: * '' Puccinia asparagi'' - Asparagus rust * '' Puccinia evadens'' - Coyote brush rust * '' Puccinia graminis'' - Stem rust, also known as black rust * '' Puccinia horiana'' - Chrysanthemum white rust * '' Puccinia mariae-wilsoniae'' - Spring beauty rust * '' Puccinia poarum'' - Coltsfoot rust gall * '' Puccinia psidii'' - Guava rust or eucalyptus rust * '' Puccinia recondita'' - Brown rust * '' Puccinia sessilis'' - Arum rust and Ramsons rust * '' Puccinia striiformis'' - Stripe rust, also k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Strobilurin Strobilurins are a group of natural products and their synthetic analogs. A number of strobilurins are used in agriculture as fungicides. They are part of the larger group of QIs (Quinone outside Inhibitors), which act to inhibit the respiratory chain at the level of Complex III. The first parent natural products, strobilurins A and B, were extracted from the fungus '' Strobilurus tenacellus''. Commercial strobilurin fungicides were developed through optimization of photostability and activity. Strobilurins represented a major development in fungus-based fungicides. First released in 1996, there are now ten major strobilurin fungicides on the market, which account for 23-25 % of the global fungicide sales. Examples of commercialized strobilurin derivatives are azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, picoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, oryzastrobin, dimoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin. Strobilurins are mostly contact fungicides with a long half time as they are absorbed into th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	DMI Triazole Propiconazole is a triazole fungicide, also known as a DMI, or demethylation inhibiting fungicide due to its binding with and inhibiting the 14-alpha demethylase enzyme from demethylating a precursor to ergosterol. Without this demethylation step, the ergosterols are not incorporated into the growing fungal cell membranes, and cellular growth is stopped. Agriculture Propiconazole is used agriculturally as a systemic fungicide on turfgrasses grown for seed and aesthetic or athletic value, wheat, mushrooms, corn, wild rice, peanuts, almonds, sorghum, oats, pecans, apricots, peaches, nectarines, plums, prunes and lemons. It is also used in combination with permethrin in formulations of wood preserver. Propiconazole is a mixtureL. Toribio, M. J. del Nozal, J. L. Bernal, J. J. Jeménez und C. Alonso,'' J. Chromatography A'' 2004, ''1046'', 249-253. of four stereoisomers and was first developed in 1979 by Janssen Pharmaceutica. Propiconazole exhibits strong anti-feeding properties aga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Fungicide Fungicides are pesticides used to kill parasitic fungi or their spores. Fungi can cause serious damage in agriculture, resulting in losses of yield and quality. Fungicides are used both in agriculture and to fight fungal infections in animals, including humans. Fungicides are also used to control oomycetes, which are not taxonomically/genetically fungi, although sharing similar methods of infecting plants. Fungicides can either be contact, translaminar or systemic. Contact fungicides are not taken up into the plant tissue and protect only the plant where the spray is deposited. Translaminar fungicides redistribute the fungicide from the upper, sprayed leaf surface to the lower, unsprayed surface. Systemic fungicides are taken up and redistributed through the xylem vessels. Few fungicides move to all parts of a plant. Some are locally systemic, and some move upward. Most fungicides that can be bought retail are sold in liquid form, the active ingredient being present at 0.08% i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Polycyclic Disease Cycle Polycyclic may refer to: * Polycyclic compound, a cyclic compound with more than one hydrocarbon loop or ring structures, including: Polycyclic musks Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon * Chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon * Contorted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon * Polycyclic group, in mathematics, a solvable group that satisfies the maximal condition on subgroups * Polycyclic spawning Reproduction (or procreation or breeding) is the biological process by which new individual organisms – "offspring" – are produced from their "parent" or parents. There are two forms of reproduction: asexual and sexual. In asexual reprodu ... , when an animal reproduces multiple times during its lifespan {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Obligate Parasite An obligate parasite or holoparasite is a parasitic organism that cannot complete its life-cycle without exploiting a suitable host. If an obligate parasite cannot obtain a host it will fail to reproduce. This is opposed to a facultative parasite, which can act as a parasite but does not rely on its host to continue its life-cycle. Obligate parasites have evolved a variety of parasitic strategies to exploit their hosts. It is advantageous for the parasite to preserve the health of its host when this is compatible with its nutritional and reproductive requirements, except when the death of the host is necessary for transmission.Combes, C. (1997) Fitness of Parasites: Pathology and Selection ''International Journal for Parasitology'' 27 (1): 1–10. Species Obligate parasitism is exhibited in a range of organisms, with examples in viruses, bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals.Balashov, Yu.S. (2011) Parasitism and Ecological Parasitology. ''Entomological Review'' 91 (9): 1216–1223. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Aeciospore Aeciospores are one of several different types of spores formed by rusts. They each have two nuclei and are typically seen in chain-like formations in the aecium An aecium (plural aecia) is a specialised reproductive structure found in some plant pathogenic rust fungi that produce aeciospores. Aecia may also be referred to as "cluster cups". The term aecidium (plural aecidia) is used interchangeably but .... References Fungal morphology and anatomy {{mycology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Pycniospore Pycniospores are a type of spore found in certain species of rust fungi. They are produced in special cup-like structures called pycnia or pynidia. Almost all fungi reproduce asexually with the production of spores. Spores may be colorless, green, yellow, orange, red, brown or black. Other types of spore ;Sporangiospores Sporangiospores (spore:spore, angion:sac) are spores formed inside the sporangium which is a spore sac. ;Conidia Conidia (singular: conidium) are spores produced at the tip of special branches called conidiophores. ;Oidia Oidia (singular: oidium). In several fungi, the hyphae is often divided into a large number of short pieces by transverse walls. Each piece is able to germinate into a new body. These pieces are called oidia (small egg An egg is an organic vessel grown by an animal to carry a possibly fertilized egg cell (a zygote) and to incubate from it an embryo within the egg until the embryo has become an animal fetus that can survive on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Basidiospore A basidiospore is a reproductive spore produced by basidiomycete fungi, a grouping that includes mushrooms, shelf fungi, rusts, and smuts. Basidiospores typically each contain one haploid Ploidy () is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell (biology), cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for Autosome, autosomal and Pseudoautosomal region, pseudoautosomal genes. Here ''sets of chromosomes'' refers to the num ... nucleus (biology), nucleus that is the product of meiosis, and they are produced by specialized fungal cells called basidium, basidia. Typically, four basidiospores develop on appendages from each basidium, of which two are of one Strain (biology), strain and the other two of its opposite strain. In gills under a cap of one common species, there exist millions of basidia. Some gilled mushrooms in the order Agaricales have the ability to release billions of spores. The puffball fungus ''Calvatia gigantea'' has been calculated to produce about ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]