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Psychodidae
Psychodidae, also called drain flies, sink flies, filter flies, sewer flies, or sewer gnats, is a Family (biology), family of Fly, true flies. Some genera have short, hairy bodies and wings, giving them a "furry" moth-like appearance, hence one of their common names, moth flies. Members of the sub-family Phlebotominae, which are hematophagous (feed on blood), may be called sand flies in some countries, although this term is also used for other unrelated flies, such as horse flies (Tabanidae) and no-see-ums (Ceratopogonidae). There are more than 2,600 described species worldwide, most of them native to the humid tropics. This makes them one of the most diverse families of their order. Drain flies sometimes inhabit plumbing drains and sewage systems, where they are harmless, but may be a persistent annoyance. Life cycle The larvae of the subfamilies Psychodinae, Sycoracinae and Horaiellinae live in aquatic to semi-terrestrial or sludge-based habitats, including bathroom sinks, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phlebotominae
The Phlebotominae are a subfamily of the family Psychodidae. In several countries, their common name is sandfly, but that name is also applied to other flies. The Phlebotominae include many genera of blood-feeding ( hematophagous) flies, including the primary vectors of leishmaniasis, bartonellosis, and pappataci fever. Sandflies are small; a body size of about 3 mm in length is typical for many species, which aids them in escaping notice. Their bite is not always felt, but leaves a small, round, reddish bump that starts itching hours or days later. Use of insect repellent is recommended in areas where sandflies are present. Diet and reproduction Phlebotomine sandflies have a diet that includes both blood and plant-derived sugar meals. Phlebotomine females, and only females, suck blood from various mammals, reptiles, and birds, while both sexes consume sugary substances including nectar, honeydew, and phloem sap from plants. Some species are selective about their hosts, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychodinae
The Psychodinae are the nominate subfamily of moth flies (Psychodidae), also known as drain flies. Like most of their relatives, they are usually found in damp habitats; some occur in caves. The small larvae are aquatic or semi-terrestrial; the adults are winged and capable of flight. Psychodinae are found worldwide, including some subantarctic islands. Description Adult Psychodinae are small flies that do not exceed 5–6 mm in length. Their body, legs and wings are covered in many setae which (in males) are often pigmented, resulting in colour patterns. Their eyes are usually reniform and connected dorsomedially by an eye-bridge. The antennae each consist of a scape, pedicel and 12-14 flagellomeres, and each flagellomere has one or more ascoids of variable shape. The wings are ovate in shape with 9-10 longitudinal veins and almost no crossveins. Species of Psychodinae often look similar, only being distinguishable by the shape of the male genitalia. Larval Psychodina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bruchomyiinae
The subfamily Bruchomyiinae contains genera of moth flies in the order Diptera, was originally described by the American entomologist Charles Paul Alexander. Circumscription For many years the Bruchomyiinae consisted of just three genera, distinguished by the number of segments in the antennae: ''Bruchomyia'' (24-29 segments), ''Eutonnoiria'' (111 segments) and ''Nemopalpus'' (14 segments). A number of species of the cosmopolitan genus '' Nemopalpus'' were transferred in 2016, to the genera: '' Boreofairchildia'', '' Laurenceomyia'' and '' Notofairchildia'', with oriental species subsequently (2018) placed in '' Alexanderia''. Genera ''Systema Dipterorum'' currently includes: *'' Alexanderia'' Wagner & Kvifte, 2018 (Oriental) *'' Boreofairchildia'' Wagner & Stuckenberg, 2016 (Americas) *'' Bruchomyia'' Alexander, 1921 (South America): *'' Eutonnoiria'' Alexander, 1940 (Central Africa) *'' Laurenceomyia'' Wagner & Stuckenberg, 2016 (South America) *'' Nemopalpus'' Macquart, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clogmia Albipunctata
''Clogmia albipunctata'' is a species of drain fly, a member of the family Psychodidae commonly known as the bathroom moth midge, bathroom moth fly or drain fly. Distribution This very common species has a worldwide distribution in tropical and temperate areas and is often associated with humans. The species can be found near sewer drains, sewage treatment plants, plant pots, swamps and any other shaded place containing decaying, moist organic matter. The species is a common pest around household drains, but the larvae have an important role in sewage treatment. Description ''Clogmia albipunctata'' adults have broad wings covered with brownish and blackish hairs. There is a tuft of blackish hair near each wing vein fork and a tuft of white hair at the ends of most veins (i.e. each wing has a pair of black spots near the middle and several white spots along the edge). The thorax and abdomen are covered in gray/brownish-gray hairs. There is a pair of antennae which are longer t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horaiellinae
The Horaiellinae is subfamily of moth flies in the order Diptera Flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δι- ''di-'' "two", and πτερόν ''pteron'' "wing". Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwings having evolved into advance .... Genera *'' Horaiella'' Tonnoir, 1933 *†'' Protohoraiella'' Curler, Krzeminski & Skibinska, 2019 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q112135514 Diptera subfamilies Psychodidae Taxa named by Günther Enderlein ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Notofairchildia Zelandiae
''Notofairchildia'' is a genus of moth flies in the subfamily Bruchomyiinae. Species have been recorded principally from South America, with many, including the type, transferred from the genus '' Nemopalpus''. Species Unless referenced otherwise, ''Systema Dipterorum'' includes: *'' Notofairchildia acaenohybos'' (Quate & Alexander, 2000) *'' Notofairchildia amazonensis'' (Wagner & Stuckenberg, 2012) *'' Notofairchildia australiensis'' (Alexander, 1928) *'' Notofairchildia brejetubensis'' (Santos, 2009) *'' Notofairchildia brevinervis'' (Barretto & Andretta, 1946) *'' Notofairchildia cancer'' (Wagner & Stuckenberg, 2012) *'' Notofairchildia dissimilis'' (Barretto & Andretta, 1946) *'' Notofairchildia espiritosantoensis'' (Santos, 2009) *'' Notofairchildia glyphanos'' (Curler, 2012) *'' Notofairchildia immaculatus'' (Freeman, 1949) *'' Notofairchildia phoenimimos'' (Quate & Alexander, 2000) *'' Notofairchildia rondanica'' (Quate & Alexander, 2000) *'' Notofairchildia spinosus'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microfilaria
The microfilaria (plural microfilariae, sometimes abbreviated mf) is an early stage in the life cycle of certain parasitic nematodes in the family Onchocercidae. In these species, the adults live in a tissue or the circulatory system of vertebrates (the "definitive hosts"). They release microfilariae into the bloodstream of the vertebrate host. The microfilariae are taken up by blood-feeding arthropod vectors (the " intermediate hosts"). In the intermediate host the microfilariae develop into infective larvae that can be transmitted to a new vertebrate host. The presence of microfilariae in the host bloodstream is called "microfilaraemia". The success of filariasis eradication programs is typically gauged by the reduction in numbers of circulating microfilariae in infested individuals within a geographic area. ''Microfilaria'' may also refer to an informal "collective group" genus name, proposed by Cobbold in 1882. While a convenient category for newly discovered microfilari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asthma
Asthma is a common long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs. It is characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and easily triggered bronchospasms. Symptoms include episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. A sudden worsening of asthma symptoms sometimes called an 'asthma attack' or an 'asthma exacerbation' can occur when allergens, pollen, dust, or other particles, are inhaled into the lungs, causing the bronchioles to constrict and produce mucus, which then restricts oxygen flow to the alveoli. These may occur a few times a day or a few times per week. Depending on the person, asthma symptoms may become worse at night or with exercise. Asthma is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Environmental factors include exposure to air pollution and allergens. Other potential triggers include medications such as aspirin and beta blockers. Diag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Günther Enderlein
Günther Enderlein (7 July 1872 – 11 August 1968) was a German zoologist, entomologist, microbiologist, researcher, physician for 60 years, and later a manufacturer of pharmaceutical products. Enderlein received international renown for his insect research, and in Germany became famous due to his concept of the pleomorphism of microorganisms and his hypotheses about the origins of cancer, based on the work of other scientists. His hypotheses about pleomorphism and cancer have now been disproved by science and have only some historical importance today. Some of his concepts, however, are still popular in alternative medicine. A blood test is named after him: ''dark field microscopy according to Enderlein''. Life Enderlein was born in Leipzig, the son of a teacher. He studied in Leipzig and Berlin and got his PhD in 1898 as a zoologist. He became professor in 1924. First he worked as assistant at the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, and went later to Stettin, now Szczec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myiasis
Myiasis ( ), also known as flystrike or fly strike, is the parasitic infestation of the body of a live animal by fly larvae (maggots) that grow inside the host while feeding on its Biological tissue, tissue. Although flies are most commonly attracted to open wounds and urine- or feces-soaked fur, some species (including the most common myiatic flies—the botfly, Calliphoridae, blowfly, and Cochliomyia hominivorax, screwfly) can create an infestation even on unbroken skin. Non-myiatic flies (such as the common housefly) can be responsible for accidental myiasis. Because some animals (particularly non-native domestic animals) cannot react as effectively as humans to the causes and effects of myiasis, Parasitic flies of domestic animals, such infestations present a severe and continuing problem for livestock industries worldwide, causing severe economic losses where they are not mitigated by human action. Although typically a far greater issue for animals, myiasis is also a relativ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
