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Psilocybe Allenii
''Psilocybe allenii'' is a species of agaric fungus in the family Hymenogastraceae. Described as new to science in 2012, it is named after John W. Allen, who provided the Type (biology), type collection. It is found in the northwestern North America from British Columbia, Canada to Los Angeles, California, most commonly within of the West Coast of the United States, Pacific coast. The basidiocarp, fruitbodies (mushrooms) grow on rotting wood, especially wood chips used in garden landscaping. The pileus (mycology), caps of the mushrooms are brown to buff (color), buff, broadly convex to flattened and have a diameter up to , while the white stipe (mycology), stipes are up to long and thick. As a bluing species in the genus ''Psilocybe'', ''P. allenii'' contains the psychoactive drug, psychoactive compounds psilocin and psilocybin, and it is consumed recreationally for its hallucinogenic properties. It is closely related to ''Psilocybe cyanescens'', from which it differs ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psilocybe Cyanescens
''Psilocybe cyanescens'', commonly known as the wavy cap or potent psilocybe, is a species of potent psychedelic mushroom. The main compounds responsible for its psychedelic effects are psilocybin and psilocin. It belongs to the family Hymenogastraceae. A formal description of the species was published by Elsie Wakefield in 1946 in the ''Transactions of the British Mycological Society'', based on a specimen she had recently collected at Kew Gardens. She had begun collecting the species as early as 1910. The mushroom is not generally regarded as being physically dangerous to adults. Since all the psychoactive compounds in ''P. cyanescens'' are Aqueous solution, water-soluble, the fruiting bodies can be rendered non-psychoactive through parboiling, allowing their culinary use. However, since most people find them overly bitter and they are too small to have great nutritive value, this is not frequently done. ''Psilocybe cyanescens'' can sometimes fruit in colossal quantities; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agaric
An agaric () is a type of fungal fruiting body characterized by the presence of a pileus (cap) that is clearly differentiated from the stipe (stalk), with lamellae (gills) on the underside of the pileus. It is a type of mushroom (or toadstool), the diverse group of agarics being lumped together as gilled mushrooms. "Agaric" can also refer more generally to any basidiomycete species characterized by an agaric-type fruiting body. Etymology Originally, agaric meant 'tree-fungus' (after Latin ''agaricum''); however, that changed with the Linnaean interpretation in 1753 when Linnaeus used the generic name '' Agaricus'' for gilled mushrooms. Taxonomy Most species of agarics belong to the order Agaricales in the subphylum Agaricomycotina. The exceptions, where agarics have evolved independently, feature largely in the orders Russulales, Boletales, Hymenochaetales, and several other groups of basidiomycetes. Old systems of classification placed all agarics in the Agaricales and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogeny
A phylogenetic tree or phylogeny is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or Taxon, taxa during a specific time.Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA. In other words, it is a branching diagram or a tree (graph theory), tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics. In evolutionary biology, all life on Earth is theoretically part of a single phylogenetic tree, indicating common ancestry. Phylogenetics is the study of phylogenetic trees. The main challenge is to find a phylogenetic tree representing optimal evolutionary ancestry between a set of species or taxa. computational phylogenetics, Computational phylogenetics (also phylogeny inference) focuses on the algorithms involved in finding optimal phylogenetic tree in the phylogenetic landscape. Phylogene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alan Rockefeller
Alan Rockefeller (born 1980) is an American mycologist who specializes in Fungus, fungi photography, microscopy, DNA barcoding, and taxonomy. ''National Geographic'' described Rockefeller as "one of the most well-known mycologists studying psilocybe species", citing his memorization of Latin names and his "near-encyclopedic knowledge of mushrooms on the west coast of the U.S." Rockefeller, an expert in collection and classification of psilocybin and muscimol mushrooms, has used phylogenetic and microscopic analysis to identify several species not previously described. Rockefeller participates in several citizen science projects by identifying fungi on iNaturalist, Mushroom Observer, and Facebook, as well as teaching mushroom photography classes. Rockefeller's iNaturalist images are released under a Creative Commons license, allowing their use as photo illustrations for news articles and sites like Wikipedia. Rockefeller asserts that fungi photography is valuable not just for s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Description
A species description is a formal scientific description of a newly encountered species, typically articulated through a scientific publication. Its purpose is to provide a clear description of a new species of organism and explain how it differs from species that have been previously described or related species. For a species to be considered valid, a species description must follow established guidelines and naming conventions dictated by relevant nomenclature codes. These include the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) for animals, the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) for plants, and the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) for viruses. A species description often includes photographs or other illustrations of type material and information regarding where this material is deposited. The publication in which the species is described gives the new species a formal scientific name. Some 1.9 million ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psilocybe Atrobrunnea
''Psilocybe fuscofulva'' is a species of mushroom in that grows on ''Sphagnum'' moss and rarely decaying wood in peat bogs in North America and Europe. It, alongside ''Psilocybe fimetaria'', are the only species of ''Psilocybe'' that have been found with no psilocybin or psilocin content. The phylogenetic placement indicates its close relationship to '' Psilocybe silvatica'' and ''Psilocybe semilanceata''. It was previously most commonly known as ''Psilocybe atrobrunnea'' but the holotype does not exist and the neotype of this species was lost, so ''Psilocybe fuscofulva'', which was previously regarded as a synonym A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means precisely or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are a ... but has a holotype, was resurrected to replace it. It is considered inedible. See also * List of ''Psilocybe'' specie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psilocybe Pelliculosa
''Psilocybe pelliculosa'' is a species of fungus in the family Hymenogastraceae. The fruit bodies, or mushrooms, have a conical brownish cap up to in diameter atop a slender stem up to long. It has a white partial veil that does not leave a ring on the stem. American mycologist Alexander H. Smith first described the species in 1937 as a member of the genus known today as ''Psathyrella''; it was transferred to ''Psilocybe'' by Rolf Singer in 1958. ''Psilocybe pelliculosa'' is found in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States and Canada, where it grows on the ground in groups or clusters along trails or forest roads in coniferous woods. A single collection has also been reported from Finland, and also in Norway. The mushrooms contain the psychedelic compounds psilocybin and baeocystin, although at relatively low concentrations. Several mushroom species that are similar in appearance to ''P. pelliculosa'' can be distinguished by subtle differences in the form o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psilocybe Semilanceata
''Psilocybe semilanceata'', commonly known as the liberty cap, is a species of fungus which produces the psychoactive compounds psilocybin, psilocin and baeocystin. It is both one of the most widely distributed psilocybin mushrooms in nature, and one of the most potent. The mushrooms have a distinctive conical to bell-shaped cap, up to in diameter, with a small nipple-like protrusion on the top. They are yellow to brown, covered with radial grooves when moist, and fade to a lighter color as they mature. Their stipes tend to be slender and long, and the same color or slightly lighter than the cap. The gill attachment to the stipe is adnexed (narrowly attached), and they are initially cream-colored before tinting purple to black as the spores mature. The spores are dark purplish-brown en masse, ellipsoid in shape, and measure 10.5–15 by 6.5–8.5 μm. The mushroom grows in grassland habitats, especially wetter areas. Unlike '' P. cubensis'', the fungus doe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psilocybe Silvatica
''Psilocybe silvatica'' is a psilocybin mushroom in the section ''Semilanceatae'' of the genus ''Psilocybe''. Psilocybin is the main active compound. Taxonomy The fungus was first described by American mycologist Charles Horton Peck in 1889 as ''Psathyra silvatica''. Rolf Singer and Alexander H. Smith transferred it to ''Psilocybe ''Psilocybe'' ( ) is a genus of gilled mushrooms, growing worldwide, in the family Hymenogastraceae. Many species contain the Psychedelic drug, psychedelic compounds psilocybin and psilocin. Taxonomy Taxonomic history A 2002 study of the ...'' in 1958. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q76831 Entheogens Psychoactive fungi silvatica Psychedelic tryptamine carriers Fungi described in 1889 Fungi of North America Fungus species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psilocybe Medullosa
''Psilocybe medullosa'' is a species of psychoactive mushroom. A widespread but rather rare species, it is found in Europe, where it grows as a saprobe on woody debris and detritus. Chemical analysis has been used to confirm the presence of the psychedelic compounds psilocin and psilocybin in the fruit bodies but probably at low levels. Taxonomy The fungus was originally described in 1898 as ''Naucoria medullosa'' by the Italian mycologist Giacomo Bresadola. The Czech mycologist Jan Borovička transferred it to ''Psilocybe'' in 2007. ''Psilocybe silvatica'' is its American sister species; it differs by subtle changes in molecular markers (LSU, ITS rDNA, and others). Description ''Psilocybe medullosa'' produces small, conical to bell-shaped caps ( pilei) 1–2 cm across. The surface is slightly viscid but not peelable, with radial striations at the margin and an overall reddish-brown hue that pales slightly toward the edge. It is not strongly hygrophanous, although the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psilocybe Serbica
''Psilocybe serbica'' is a species of mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. The mushroom contains the psychotropic compounds psilocybin and psilocin, and also related tryptamine alkaloids baeocystin, norbaeocystin, and aeruginascin. It is closely related to '' Psilocybe aztecorum''. It was reported as new to science by Meinhard Moser and Egon Horak in 1969. Molecular analysis published in 2010 has shown that ''P. serbica'' is the same species as ''Psilocybe bohemica'' described by Šebek in 1983, ''Psilocybe arcana'' described by Borovička and Hlaváček in 2001, and ''Psilocybe moravica'' by Borovička in 2003. ''Psilocybe serbica'' is common in Central Europe. Description ''Psilocybe serbica'' has no specific smell (somewhat raddish, but never farinaceous), and the taste is usually bitter. It is a very variable species. Its cap is in diameter and obtusely conical, later becoming campanulate or convex. It expands to broadly convex or plane in age and is incurved at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psilocybe Chuxiongensis
''Psilocybe chuxiongensis'' is a species of psilocybin mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. Described as new to science in 2014, it is found in subtropical China. The type specimens, collected in August 2009, were found growing singly to scattered on cow dung. It is generally found in grasslands where cattle have grazed. The type locality was on Zixi Mountain (in the southwest of Chuxiong City) at an elevation of . The fruit bodies resemble ''Psilocybe cubensis'', but can be distinguished from that species by its buff-yellow to yellowish-brown cap that lacks an umbo, and the lack of a ring on the stipe. It is classified in section ''Caerulescentes'' of the genus ''Psilocybe''. ''P. chuxiongensis'' is one of 14 ''Psilocybe'' species found in China. In a molecular phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences, ''P. chuxiongensis'' was most closely related to '' P. cubensis'', grouping in a clade sister to '' P. allenii'' and '' P. cyanescens''. File:Psiloc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
