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Psechridae
Psechridae is a family of araneomorph spiders with about 70 species in two genera. These are among the biggest cribellate spiders with body lengths up to and funnel webs more than in diameter. The family belongs to the RTA clade of spiders because they all have a Retrolateral Tibial Apophysis on the male pedipalp. A recent phylogenetic analysis places Psechridae as close relatives of the lynx spiders, wolf spiders, and nursery web spiders. They feature several characteristics normally found in ecribellate spiders, for example brood care behavior, and a colulus with no apparent function. They have greatly elongated legs, with the last element being very flexible. Female '' Psechrus'' carry their egg-sac in the chelicerae, similar to their relatives, the ecribellate Pisauridae. Members of ''Psechrus'' construct horizontal webs lace webs, while ''Fecenia'' construct pseudo-orbs, similar to orb webs of Orbiculariae spiders in an example of evolutionary convergence. Distrib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Psechridae Species
This page lists all described species of the spider family Psechridae accepted by the World Spider Catalog : ''Fecenia'' '' Fecenia'' Simon, 1887 * '' F. cylindrata'' Thorell, 1895 — China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos * '' F. macilenta'' (Simon, 1885) — Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra) * '' F. ochracea'' (Doleschall, 1859) (type) — Philippines to Australia (Queensland) * '' F. protensa'' Thorell, 1891 — India (mainland, Nicobar Is.), Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo, Bali) ''Psechrus'' '' Psechrus'' Thorell, 1878 * '' P. aluco'' Bayer, 2012 — Indonesia (Java) * '' P. ampullaceus'' Bayer, 2014 — Vietnam * '' P. ancoralis'' Bayer & Jäger, 2010 — Laos, Thailand * '' P. annulatus'' Kulczyński, 1908 — Indonesia (Java) * '' P. antraeus'' Bayer & Jäger, 2010 — Laos * '' P. arcuatus'' Bayer, 2012 — Indonesia (Sumatra) * '' P. argentatus'' (Doleschall, 1857) (type) — Indonesia (Sulawesi) to Australia (Queensland) * ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fecenia Cylindrata
''Fecenia'' is a genus of cribellate araneomorph spiders in the family Psechridae, and was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1887. Species it contains four species, found only in Asia and Queensland: *'' Fecenia cylindrata'' Thorell, 1895 – China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos *'' Fecenia macilenta'' (Simon, 1885) – Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra) *'' Fecenia ochracea'' (Doleschall, 1859) (type) – Philippines to Australia (Queensland) *'' Fecenia protensa'' Thorell, 1891 – India (mainland, Nicobar Is.), Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo, Bali) See also * List of Psechridae species This page lists all described species of the spider family Psechridae accepted by the World Spider Catalog : ''Fecenia'' '' Fecenia'' Simon, 1887 * '' F. cylindrata'' Thorell, 1895 — China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos * '' F. macilenta'' (Simon, ... References Araneomorphae genera Psechridae Spiders of Asia Spiders of Australia [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psechrus
''Psechrus'' is a genus of cribellate araneomorph spiders in the family Psechridae, and was first described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1878. Species it contains fifty-seven species, found only in Asia and Queensland: *'' P. aluco'' Bayer, 2012 – Indonesia (Java) *'' P. ampullaceus'' Bayer, 2014 – Vietnam *'' P. ancoralis'' Bayer & Jäger, 2010 – Laos, Thailand *'' P. annulatus'' Kulczyński, 1908 – Indonesia (Java) *'' P. antraeus'' Bayer & Jäger, 2010 – Laos *'' P. arcuatus'' Bayer, 2012 – Indonesia (Sumatra) *'' P. argentatus'' (Doleschall, 1857) (type) – Indonesia (Sulawesi) to Australia (Queensland) *'' P. arietinus'' Bayer, 2014 – Vietnam *'' P. borneo'' Levi, 1982 – Borneo *'' P. cebu'' Murphy, 1986 – Philippines *'' P. changminae'' Feng, Zhang, Wu, Ma, T. B. Yang, Li & Z. Z. Yang, 2016 – China *'' P. clavis'' Bayer, 2012 – Taiwan *'' P. conicus'' Feng, Zhang, Wu, Ma, T. B. Yang, Li & Z. Z. Yang, 2016 – China *'' P. crepido'' Bayer, 2012 – India *' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cribellate
Cribellum literally means "little sieve", and in biology the term generally applies to anatomical structures in the form of tiny perforated plates. In certain groups of diatoms it refers to microscopically punctured regions of the frustule, or outer layer. In certain groups of spider species, so-called cribellate spiders, the cribellum is a silk spinning organ. Unlike the usual spinnerets of spiders, the cribellum consists of one or more plates covered in thousands of tiny spigots, tiny holes that hardly project from the surface, in contrast to the elongated spigots that project from spinnerets. These minute spigots produce extremely fine fibers, merely tens of nanometres thick, which are combed out by the spider's calamistrum, producing silk with a woolly texture. The fibers are so small in diameter that they are strongly subject to Van der Waals forces. In addition, the fibres have a surface that absorbs waxes from the epicuticle of insect prey on contact. This creates a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RTA Clade
The RTA clade is a clade of araneomorph spiders, united by the possession of a retrolateral tibial apophysis – a backward-facing projection on the tibia of the male pedipalp. The clade contains over 21,000 species, almost half the current total of about 46,000 known species of spider. Most of the members of the clade are wanderers and do not build webs. Despite making up approximately half of all modern spider diversity, there are no unambiguous records of the group from the Mesozoic and molecular clock evidence suggests that the group began to diversify during the Late Cretaceous. Families In 2005, Coddington included 39 families in a cladogram showing the RTA clade: *Agelenidae *Amaurobiidae *Ammoxenidae * Amphinectidae (paraphyletic; merged into Desidae) *Anyphaenidae *Cithaeronidae * Clubionidae *Corinnidae * Cryptothelidae *Ctenidae *Desidae *Dictynidae * Gallieniellidae *Gnaphosidae *Lamponidae *Liocranidae *Lycosidae *Miturgidae (paraphyletic) *Oxyopidae * Philodromidae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Araneomorphae Families
The Araneomorphae (also called the Labidognatha or "true spiders") are an infraorder of spiders. They are distinguishable by chelicerae (fangs) that point diagonally forward and cross in a pinching action, in contrast to the Mygalomorphae (tarantulas and their close kin), where they point straight down. Araneomorphs comprise the vast majority (about 93%) of living spiders. Distinguishing characteristics Most spider species are Araneomorphae, which have chelicerae, fangs that face towards each other, increasing the orientations that they can employ during prey-capture. They have fewer book lungs (when present) – usually one pair – and the females typically live one year. The Mygalomorphae have chelicerae, fangs that face towards the ground, and which are parallel to the long axis of the spider's body, thus they have only one orientation they can employ during prey capture. They have two pairs of book lungs, and the females often live many years. Image:Cheiracanthium pun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spider
Spiders (order (biology), order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight limbs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude spider silk, silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species diversity among all Order (biology), orders of organisms. Spiders are found worldwide on every continent except Antarctica, and have become established in nearly every land habitat. , 53,034 spider species in 136 Family (biology), families have been recorded by Taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. However, there has been debate among scientists about how families should be classified, with over 20 different classifications proposed since 1900. Anatomy, Anatomically, spiders (as with all arachnids) differ from other arthropods in that the usual body segmentation (biology), segments are fused into two Tagma (biology), tagmata, the cephalothorax or prosoma, and the opisthosoma, or abdomen, and joined by a small, cylindr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cave Spiders
Caves or caverns are natural voids under the Earth's surface. Caves often form by the weathering of rock and often extend deep underground. Exogene caves are smaller openings that extend a relatively short distance underground (such as rock shelters). Caves which extend further underground than the opening is wide are called endogene caves. Speleology is the science of exploration and study of all aspects of caves and the cave environment. Visiting or exploring caves for recreation may be called ''caving'', ''potholing'', or ''spelunking''. Formation types The formation and development of caves is known as ''speleogenesis''; it can occur over the course of millions of years. Caves can range widely in size, and are formed by various geological processes. These may involve a combination of chemical processes, erosion by water, tectonic forces, microorganisms, pressure, and atmospheric influences. Isotopic dating techniques can be applied to cave sediments, to determine the time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
