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Protorothyrididae
Protorothyrididae is an extinct family (biology), family of small, lizard-like reptiles belonging to Eureptilia. Their skulls did not have Fenestra (anatomy), fenestrae, like the more derived diapsids. Protorothyridids lived from the Late Carboniferous to Cisuralian, Early Permian periods, in what is now North America. Many genera of primitive reptiles were thought to be protorothyridids. ''Brouffia'', ''Coelostegus'', ''Paleothyris'' and ''Hylonomus'', for example, were found to be more basal (phylogenetics), basal eureptiles in Muller and Reisz (2006), making the family as historically defined paraphyletic, though three genera, ''Protorothyris, Anthracodromeus,'' and ''Cephalerpeton'', were recovered as a monophyletic group. ''Anthracodromeus'', ''Paleothyris'', and ''Protorothyris'' were recovered as a monophyletic group in Ford and Benson (2020) (who did not sample ''Cephalerpeton''), who recovered them as more derived than captorhinids and ''Hylonomus'', but less so than arae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cephalerpeton
''Cephalerpeton'' is an extinct genus of " protorothyridid" tetrapods known from the Late Carboniferous (late Westphalian stage) of Illinois. It is known from the holotype YPM 796, a partial skeleton. It was collected in the Mazon Creek site, from the Francis Creek Shale Member of the Carbondale Formation. It was first named by R. L. Moodie in 1912 as an amphibamid amphibian and the type species is ''Cephalerpeton ventriarmatum''. It was first assigned to Protorothyrididae by Robert L. Carroll Robert "Bob" Lynn Carroll (May 5, 1938 – April 7, 2020) was an American–Canadian vertebrate paleontologist who specialised in Paleozoic and Mesozoic amphibians and reptiles. Biography Carroll was an only child and grew up on a farm nea ... and Donald Baird in 1972 and this placement has been widely accepted. References Protorothyrididae Pennsylvanian tetrapods of North America Paleontology in Illinois Fossil taxa described in 1912 {{paleo-reptile-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protorothyris Archeri
''Protorothyris'' is an extinct genus of Early Permian protorothyridid known from Texas and West Virginia of the United States. It was first named by Llewellyn Ivor Price in 1937 and the type species is ''Protorothyris archeri''. ''P. archeri'' is known from the holotype MCZ 1532, a three-dimensionally preserved skull and from the referred specimens, which come from four additional individuals, MCZ 2147-2150. All specimens were collected in the Cottonwood Creek site, from the Archer City Formation, Texas, dating to the Asselian stage of the Cisuralian epoch, about 299–294.6 million years ago. A second species, ''P. morani'', was first named by Alfred Sherwood Romer in 1952 with its own generic name, ''Melanothyris''. In 1973, J. Clark and Robert L. Carroll recombined ''P. morani'' as a ''Protorothyris'' species. It is known from the holotype CM 8617, a three-dimensionally preserved skull. It was collected in the Blacksville site, from the Washington Formation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthracodromeus
''Anthracodromeus'' is an extinct genus of Late Carboniferous (late Westphalian (stage), Westphalian stage) "Protorothyrididae, protorothyridid" tetrapods known from Ohio. It is known from the holotype American Museum of Natural History, AMNH 6940, a nearly complete skeleton. It was collected in the Linton site in Jefferson County, Ohio, Jefferson County, from the Allegheny Group. ''A. longipes'' was first assigned by Edward Drinker Cope in 1875 in paleontology, 1875 to a species of ''Sauropleura''. The genus was first named by Robert L. Carroll and Donald Baird in 1972 in paleontology, 1972 and the type species is ''Anthracodromeus longipes''. It is amongst the oldest known tetrapods to display adaptations for climbing. Features and environment ''Anthracodromeus'' was between 15 and 20 cm long when alive, with about 5 cm of this being tail. It had a long body, with 27 vertebrae between the five cervical vertebrae and the sacrum. Each vertebra had a short pair of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hylonomus
''Hylonomus'' (; ''hylo-'' "forest" + ''nomos'' "dweller") is an extinct genus of reptile that lived during the Bashkirian stage of the Late Carboniferous. It is the earliest known crown group amniote and the oldest known unquestionable reptile, with the only known species being ''Hylonomus lyelli''. Despite being amongst the oldest known reptiles, it is not the most primitive member of the group, being a eureptile more derived than either parareptiles or captorhinids. Discovery and naming ''Hylonomus lyelli'' was first described by John William Dawson in 1860. The species' name was given in honor of Dawson's teacher, the geologist Sir Charles Lyell. While it has traditionally been included in the group Protorothyrididae, it has since been recovered outside this group. Formerly assigned species Dawson also attributed two other species ''H. aciedentatus'' and ''H. wymani'' when he described ''H. lyelli'' in 1860, and later described two more species ''H. multidens'' and ''H. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protorothyris
''Protorothyris'' is an extinct genus of Early Permian protorothyridid known from Texas and West Virginia of the United States. It was first named by Llewellyn Ivor Price in 1937 and the type species is ''Protorothyris archeri''. ''P. archeri'' is known from the holotype MCZ 1532, a three-dimensionally preserved skull and from the referred specimens, which come from four additional individuals, MCZ 2147-2150. All specimens were collected in the Cottonwood Creek site, from the Archer City Formation, Texas, dating to the Asselian stage of the Cisuralian epoch, about 299–294.6 million years ago. A second species, ''P. morani'', was first named by Alfred Sherwood Romer in 1952 with its own generic name, ''Melanothyris''. In 1973, J. Clark and Robert L. Carroll recombined ''P. morani'' as a ''Protorothyris'' species. It is known from the holotype CM 8617, a three-dimensionally preserved skull. It was collected in the Blacksville site, from the Washington Formation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amniote
Amniotes are tetrapod vertebrate animals belonging to the clade Amniota, a large group that comprises the vast majority of living terrestrial animal, terrestrial and semiaquatic vertebrates. Amniotes evolution, evolved from amphibious Stem tetrapoda, stem tetrapod ancestors during the Carboniferous geologic period, period. Amniota is defined as the smallest crown clade containing humans, the Greek tortoise, and the Nile crocodile. Amniotes are distinguished from the other living tetrapod clade — the anamniote, non-amniote lissamphibians (frogs/toads, salamanders/newts and caecilians) — by: the development of three fetal membranes, extraembryonic membranes (amnion for embryonic protection, chorion for gas exchange, and allantois for metabolic waste disposal or storage); thicker and keratinized skin; rib, costal respiration (breathing by expanding/constricting the rib cage); the presence of adrenal cortex, adrenocortical and chromaffin cell, chromaffin tissues as adrenal g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paleothyris
''Paleothyris'' was a small, agile, anapsid romeriidan reptile which lived in the Moscovian (Carboniferous) age of the Late Carboniferous in Nova Scotia. Description ''Paleothyris'' had sharp teeth and large eyes, meaning that it was likely a nocturnal hunter. It was about a foot long. It probably fed on insects and other smaller animals found on the floor of its forest home. ''Paleothyris'' was an early sauropsid, yet it still had some features that were more primitive, more labyrinthodont-like than reptile-like, especially its skull, which lacked fenestrae, holes found in the skulls of most modern reptiles and mammals. See also * '' Westlothiana'' * ''Casineria'' * '' Hylonomus'' * ''Petrolacosaurus'' * ''Archaeothyris ''Archaeothyris'' is an extinct genus of ophiacodontid synapsid that lived during the Late Carboniferous and is known from Nova Scotia. Dated to 306 million years ago, ''Archaeothyris'', along with a more poorly known synapsid called ''Echinerpet ...'' * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brouffia
''Brouffia'' is an extinct genus of Late Carboniferous (late Westphalian stage) basal reptile known from Plzeň of Czech Republic. It is known from a single partial skeleton, the holotype ČGH III B.21.C.587 and MP 451 (part and counterpart). It was collected in the Nýřany site from the Nýřany Member of the Kladno Formation. It was first named by Robert L. Carroll and Donald Baird in 1972 and the type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ... is ''Brouffia orientalis''. References Protorothyrididae Prehistoric reptile genera Fossil taxa described in 1972 Carboniferous reptiles Carboniferous reptiles of Europe Archaeology of the Czech Republic {{paleo-reptile-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coelostegus
''Coelostegus'' is an extinct genus of Late Carboniferous (late Westphalian stage) basal reptile known from Plzeň of Czech Republic. It is known from the holotype ČGH 3027, a partial skeleton of an immature individual. It was collected in the Nýřany site from the Nýřany Member of the Kladno Formation. It was first named by Robert L. Carroll and Donald Baird in 1972 and the type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ... is ''Coelostegus prothales''. The most recent phylogenic study of primitive reptile relationships found ''Coelostegus'' to be the basalmost known eureptile. References Protorothyrididae Carboniferous reptiles of Europe Fossil taxa described in 1972 {{paleo-reptile-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eureptile
Sauropsida (Greek for "lizard faces") is a clade of amniotes, broadly equivalent to the class Reptilia, though typically used in a broader sense to also include extinct stem-group relatives of modern reptiles and birds (which, as theropod dinosaurs, are nested within reptiles as more closely related to crocodilians than to lizards or turtles).Gauthier J.A. (1994): ''The diversification of the amniotes''. In: D.R. Prothero and R.M. Schoch (ed.) Major Features of Vertebrate Evolution: 129–159. Knoxville, Tennessee: The Paleontological Society. The most popular definition states that Sauropsida is the sibling taxon to Synapsida, the other clade of amniotes which includes mammals as its only modern representatives. Although early synapsids have historically been referred to as "mammal-like reptiles", all synapsids are more closely related to mammals than to any modern reptile. Sauropsids, on the other hand, include all amniotes more closely related to modern reptiles than to mammals. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eureptilia
Sauropsida (Greek for "lizard faces") is a clade of amniotes, broadly equivalent to the class Reptilia, though typically used in a broader sense to also include extinct stem-group relatives of modern reptiles and birds (which, as theropod dinosaurs, are nested within reptiles as more closely related to crocodilians than to lizards or turtles).Gauthier J.A. (1994): ''The diversification of the amniotes''. In: D.R. Prothero and R.M. Schoch (ed.) Major Features of Vertebrate Evolution: 129–159. Knoxville, Tennessee: The Paleontological Society. The most popular definition states that Sauropsida is the sibling taxon to Synapsida, the other clade of amniotes which includes mammals as its only modern representatives. Although early synapsids have historically been referred to as "mammal-like reptiles", all synapsids are more closely related to mammals than to any modern reptile. Sauropsids, on the other hand, include all amniotes more closely related to modern reptiles than to mamma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
