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Polymorphic Recursion
In computer science, polymorphic recursion (also referred to as Robin Milner, Milner–Alan Mycroft, Mycroft typability or the Milner–Mycroft calculus) refers to a recursion (computer science), recursive parametric polymorphism, parametrically polymorphic function (computer science), function where the type parameter changes with each recursive invocation made, instead of staying constant. Type inference for polymorphic recursion is equivalent to semi-unification and therefore undecidable problem, undecidable and requires the use of a semi-algorithm or programmer-supplied type annotations. Example Nested datatypes Consider the following nested datatype in Haskell (programming language), Haskell: data Nested a = a :<: (Nested [a]) , Epsilon infixr 5 :<: nested = 1 :<: [2,3,4] :<: 5,6],[7],[8,9 :<: Epsilon A length function defined over this datatype will be polymorphically recursive, as the type of the argument changes from Nested a to ...
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Computer Science
Computer science is the study of computation, information, and automation. Computer science spans Theoretical computer science, theoretical disciplines (such as algorithms, theory of computation, and information theory) to Applied science, applied disciplines (including the design and implementation of Computer architecture, hardware and Software engineering, software). Algorithms and data structures are central to computer science. The theory of computation concerns abstract models of computation and general classes of computational problem, problems that can be solved using them. The fields of cryptography and computer security involve studying the means for secure communication and preventing security vulnerabilities. Computer graphics (computer science), Computer graphics and computational geometry address the generation of images. Programming language theory considers different ways to describe computational processes, and database theory concerns the management of re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polymorphism (computer Science)
In programming language theory and type theory, polymorphism is the use of one symbol to represent multiple different types.: "Polymorphic types are types whose operations are applicable to values of more than one type." In object-oriented programming, polymorphism is the provision of one Interface (object-oriented programming), interface to entities of different data types. The concept is borrowed from a principle in biology where an organism or species can have many different forms or stages. The most commonly recognized major forms of polymorphism are: * ''Ad hoc polymorphism'': defines a common interface for an arbitrary set of individually specified types. * ''Parametric polymorphism'': not specifying concrete types and instead use abstract symbols that can substitute for any type. * ''Subtyping'' (also called ''subtype polymorphism'' or ''inclusion polymorphism''): when a name denotes instances of many different classes related by some common superclass. History Interest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Munich
The Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (simply University of Munich, LMU or LMU Munich; ) is a public university, public research university in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. Originally established as the University of Ingolstadt in 1472 by Duke Ludwig IX of Bavaria-Landshut, it is Germany's List of universities in Germany, sixth-oldest university in continuous operation. In 1800, the university was moved from Ingolstadt to Landshut by King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria when the city was threatened by the French, before being transferred to its present-day location in Munich in 1826 by King Ludwig I of Bavaria. In 1802, the university was officially named Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität by King Maximilian I of Bavaria in honor of himself and Ludwig IX. LMU is currently the second-largest university in Germany in terms of student population; in the 2023/24 winter semester, the university had a total of 52,972 matriculated students. Of these, 10,138 were freshmen, while internati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electronic Notes In Theoretical Computer Science
''Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science'' is an electronic computer science journal published by Elsevier, started in 1995. Its issues include many post-proceedings for workshops, etc. The journal is abstracted and indexed in Scopus and Science Citation Index The Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) is a citation index owned by Clarivate and previously by Thomson Reuters. It was created by the Eugene Garfield at the Institute for Scientific Information, launched in 1964 as Science Citation Index ( .... Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science has been discontinued as of 2021. References Computer science journals Elsevier academic journals Academic journals established in 1995 {{comp-sci-theory-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lambert Meertens
Lambert Guillaume Louis Théodore Meertens or L.G.L.T. Meertens (born 10 May 1944, in Amsterdam) is a Dutch computer scientist and professor. , he is a researcher at the Kestrel Institute, a nonprofit computer science research center in Palo Alto's Stanford Research Park. Life and career As a student at the Ignatius Gymnasium in Amsterdam, Meertens designed a computer with Kees Koster, a classmate. In the 1960s, Meertens applied affix grammars to the description and composition of music, and obtained a special prize from the jury at the 1968 International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) Congress in Edinburgh for his computer-generated string quartet, Quartet No. 1 in C major for 2 violins, viola and violoncello, based on the first non- context-free affix grammar. The string quartet was published in 1968, as ''Mathematical Centre Report MR 96''. Meertens was one of the editors of the Revised ALGOL 68 Report. He was the originator and one of the designers of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Bird (computer Scientist)
Richard Simpson Bird (13 February 1943 – 4 April 2022) was an English computer scientist. Posts He was a Supernumerary Fellow of Computation at Lincoln College, University of Oxford, in Oxford England, and former director of the Oxford University Computing Laboratory (now the Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford). Formerly, Bird was at the University of Reading. Research interests Bird's research interests lay in algorithm design and functional programming, and he was known as a regular contributor to the '' Journal of Functional Programming'', and as author of several books promoting use of the programming language Haskell, including ''Introduction to Functional Programming using Haskell'', ''Thinking Functionally with Haskell'', ''Algorithm Design with Haskell'' co-authored with Jeremy Gibbons, and other books on related topics. His name is associated with the Bird–Meertens formalism, a calculus for deriving programs from specifications in a functiona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ACM Transactions On Programming Languages And Systems
The ''ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems'' (''TOPLAS'') is a bimonthly, open access, peer-reviewed scientific journal on the topic of programming languages published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Background Published since 1979, the journal's scope includes programming language design, implementation, and semantics of programming languages, compilers and interpreters, run-time systems, storage allocation and garbage collection, and formal specification, testing, and verification of software. It is indexed in Scopus and SCImago. The editor-in-chief is Andrew Myers (Cornell University). According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal had a 2020 impact factor of 0.410. References External links * TOPLASat ACM Digital Library TOPLASat DBLP DBLP is a computer science bibliography website. Starting in 1993 at Universität Trier in Germany, it grew from a small collection of HTML files and became an organization hosting a datab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Higher-ranked Polymorphism
In programming languages and type theory, parametric polymorphism allows a single piece of code to be given a "generic" type, using variables in place of actual types, and then instantiated with particular types as needed. Parametrically polymorphic functions and data types are sometimes called generic functions and generic datatypes, respectively, and they form the basis of generic programming. Parametric polymorphism may be contrasted with ad hoc polymorphism. Parametrically polymorphic definitions are ''uniform'': they behave identically regardless of the type they are instantiated at. In contrast, ad hoc polymorphic definitions are given a distinct definition for each type. Thus, ad hoc polymorphism can generally only support a limited number of such distinct types, since a separate implementation has to be provided for each type. Basic definition It is possible to write functions that do not depend on the types of their arguments. For example, the identity function \mathsf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Class (computer Programming)
In object-oriented programming, a class defines the shared aspects of objects created from the class. The capabilities of a class differ between programming languages, but generally the shared aspects consist of state ( variables) and behavior ( methods) that are each either associated with a particular object or with all objects of that class. Object state can differ between each instance of the class whereas the class state is shared by all of them. The object methods include access to the object state (via an implicit or explicit parameter that references the object) whereas class methods do not. If the language supports inheritance, a class can be defined based on another class with all of its state and behavior plus additional state and behavior that further specializes the class. The specialized class is a ''sub-class'', and the class it is based on is its ''superclass''. Attributes Object lifecycle As an instance of a class, an object is constructed from a class via '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Java (programming Language)
Java is a High-level programming language, high-level, General-purpose programming language, general-purpose, Memory safety, memory-safe, object-oriented programming, object-oriented programming language. It is intended to let programmers ''write once, run anywhere'' (Write once, run anywhere, WORA), meaning that compiler, compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need to recompile. Java applications are typically compiled to Java bytecode, bytecode that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of the underlying computer architecture. The syntax (programming languages), syntax of Java is similar to C (programming language), C and C++, but has fewer low-level programming language, low-level facilities than either of them. The Java runtime provides dynamic capabilities (such as Reflective programming, reflection and runtime code modification) that are typically not available in traditional compiled languages. Java gained popularity sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
